Comparison of disclosure/concealment of medical information given to conversational agents or to physicians

Within the anamnesis, medical information is frequently withheld, incomplete, or incorrect, potentially causing negative consequences for the patient. The use of conversational agents (CAs), computer-based systems using natural language to interact with humans, may mitigate this problem. The present research examines whether CAs differ from physicians in their ability to elicit truthful disclosure and discourage concealment of medical information. We conducted an online questionnaire with German participants ( N = 148) to assess their willingness to reveal medical information. The results indicate that patients would rather disclose medical information to a physician than to a CA; there was no difference in the tendency to conceal information. This research offers a frame of reference for future research on applying CAs during the anamnesis to support physicians. From a practical view, physicians might gain better understanding of how the use of CAs can facilitate the anamnesis.

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The Personalization of Conversational Agents in Health Care: Systematic Review (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.15360 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Ahmet Baki Kocaballi ◽

Shlomo Berkovsky ◽

Juan C Quiroz ◽

Liliana Laranjo ◽

Huong Ly Tong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Health Care ◽

Natural Language ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Health Care Professionals ◽

User Satisfaction ◽

Future Research ◽

User Engagement ◽

Conversational Agents ◽

Design Factor

BACKGROUND The personalization of conversational agents with natural language user interfaces is seeing increasing use in health care applications, shaping the content, structure, or purpose of the dialogue between humans and conversational agents. OBJECTIVE The goal of this systematic review was to understand the ways in which personalization has been used with conversational agents in health care and characterize the methods of its implementation. METHODS We searched on PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycInfo, and ACM Digital Library using a predefined search strategy. The studies were included if they: (1) were primary research studies that focused on consumers, caregivers, or health care professionals; (2) involved a conversational agent with an unconstrained natural language interface; (3) tested the system with human subjects; and (4) implemented personalization features. RESULTS The search found 1958 publications. After abstract and full-text screening, 13 studies were included in the review. Common examples of personalized content included feedback, daily health reports, alerts, warnings, and recommendations. The personalization features were implemented without a theoretical framework of customization and with limited evaluation of its impact. While conversational agents with personalization features were reported to improve user satisfaction, user engagement and dialogue quality, the role of personalization in improving health outcomes was not assessed directly. CONCLUSIONS Most of the studies in our review implemented the personalization features without theoretical or evidence-based support for them and did not leverage the recent developments in other domains of personalization. Future research could incorporate personalization as a distinct design factor with a more careful consideration of its impact on health outcomes and its implications on patient safety, privacy, and decision-making.

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The Personalization of Conversational Agents in Health Care: Systematic Review

Journal of Medical Internet Research ◽

10.2196/15360 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (11) ◽

pp. e15360 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Ahmet Baki Kocaballi ◽

Shlomo Berkovsky ◽

Juan C Quiroz ◽

Liliana Laranjo ◽

Huong Ly Tong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Health Care ◽

Natural Language ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Health Care Professionals ◽

User Satisfaction ◽

Future Research ◽

User Engagement ◽

Conversational Agents ◽

Design Factor

Background The personalization of conversational agents with natural language user interfaces is seeing increasing use in health care applications, shaping the content, structure, or purpose of the dialogue between humans and conversational agents. Objective The goal of this systematic review was to understand the ways in which personalization has been used with conversational agents in health care and characterize the methods of its implementation. Methods We searched on PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycInfo, and ACM Digital Library using a predefined search strategy. The studies were included if they: (1) were primary research studies that focused on consumers, caregivers, or health care professionals; (2) involved a conversational agent with an unconstrained natural language interface; (3) tested the system with human subjects; and (4) implemented personalization features. Results The search found 1958 publications. After abstract and full-text screening, 13 studies were included in the review. Common examples of personalized content included feedback, daily health reports, alerts, warnings, and recommendations. The personalization features were implemented without a theoretical framework of customization and with limited evaluation of its impact. While conversational agents with personalization features were reported to improve user satisfaction, user engagement and dialogue quality, the role of personalization in improving health outcomes was not assessed directly. Conclusions Most of the studies in our review implemented the personalization features without theoretical or evidence-based support for them and did not leverage the recent developments in other domains of personalization. Future research could incorporate personalization as a distinct design factor with a more careful consideration of its impact on health outcomes and its implications on patient safety, privacy, and decision-making.

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P197 Evaluating the patient experience of the Barts Health MySpA app for axial spondyloarthritis and psoriatic arthritis

Rheumatology ◽

10.1093/rheumatology/keab247.192 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 60 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Rebecca Adshead ◽

Simon Donnelly ◽

Maliha Shaikh

Keyword(s):

Psoriatic Arthritis ◽

Medical Information ◽

Axial Spondyloarthritis ◽

Self Management ◽

Future Research ◽

Healthcare Team ◽

Educational Resource ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Exercise Programmes ◽

Patient Opinion

Abstract Background/Aims In 2018, MySpA App was developed and launched by the Rheumatology team at Whipps Cross Hospital to empower patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in self-management of their condition. MySpA is an internationally available, free educational App providing instant access to evidence based medical information about axSpA and PsA. It includes a library of exercise videos created by specialist physiotherapists in axSpA, enabling patients and clinicians to build exercise programmes tailored to individual patient needs. Validated outcome measures can be completed by patients throughout the year, with the option of sharing those results with their rheumatology clinicians. Our objective was to evaluate patient opinion and usefulness of MySpA among our patients. Methods Two years since MySpA was launched at BSR, an online questionnaire was sent to 198 patients with axSpA and PsA from Whipps Cross Rheumatology Service. The questions enquired about awareness of MySpA for download and use amongst patients with managing their condition. Results Overall response was 36% (n = 72). 61% (n = 44) of the patients responded had downloaded MySpA with 64%(n = 28) of those patients using the app throughout the year. The majority that had not downloaded, were not aware the app existed (70%). All features within the app were used, with the axSpA and PsA Information section and exercise library most popular with comments “I use my exercise plan daily” and “great app.” 53% of patients used the app as an educational resource and 46% used the exercise library tailored to their own needs. The most common reason for not using the app was forgetting (29%). The majority (91%) would recommend MySpA to other patients with axSpA and PsA, with 63% reported MySpA supported them managing their condition. Conclusion MySpA is well received by patients with axSpA and PsA at Whipps Cross Hospital as a resource where they find specialist support, information and exercise guidance to empower management. It provides a useful virtual tool to assist patients take control of their arthritis and track and monitor their condition and has been particularly useful in this regard during the Covid pandemic. Patients used the facility to complete and share their assessment results and journal logs virtually with their healthcare team. However, continual awareness of MySpA amongst patients and clinicians is required to enable the opportunity to utilise instant specialist support and direction that may help patients manage their condition. The usefulness of the virtual monitoring feature of the app amongst clinicians should be explored in future research. Disclosure R. Adshead: None. S. Donnelly: None. M. Shaikh: None.

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Workplace Ostracism and Its Negative Outcomes

Journal of Personnel Psychology ◽

10.1027/1866-5888/a000147 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 143-151 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Xiaoming Zheng ◽

Jun Yang ◽

Hang-Yue Ngo ◽

Xiao-Yu Liu ◽

Wengjuan Jiao

Keyword(s):

Affective Commitment ◽

Psychological Capital ◽

Intention To Leave ◽

Future Research ◽

Conservation Of Resources ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Negative Outcomes ◽

Workplace Ostracism ◽

Using Data ◽

The Relationship

Abstract. Workplace ostracism, conceived as to being ignored or excluded by others, has attracted the attention of researchers in recent years. One essential topic in this area is how to reduce or even eliminate the negative consequences of workplace ostracism. Based on conservation of resources (COR) theory, the current study assesses the relationship between workplace ostracism and its negative outcomes, as well as the moderating role played by psychological capital, using data collected from 256 employees in three companies in the northern part of China. The study yields two important findings: (1) workplace ostracism is positively related to intention to leave and (2) psychological capital moderates the effect of workplace ostracism on affective commitment and intention to leave. This paper concludes by discussing the implications of these findings for organizations and employees, along with recommendations for future research.

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Recreational Prescription Drug Use Among College Students

NASPA Journal ◽

10.2202/0027-6014.1569 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ethan A Kolek

Keyword(s):

Drug Use ◽

Prescription Drug ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Prescription Drugs ◽

Drug Users ◽

Research University ◽

Future Research ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Prescription Drug Use ◽

Other Substances

The purpose of this study was to explore recreational prescription drug use among undergraduate students. Although anecdotal accounts on this subject abound, empirical research is extremely limited. Data from a survey of a random sample of 734 students at a large public research university in the Northeast were examined. Results indicate that a substantial proportion of students reported having used prescription drugs for recreational purposes in the year prior to survey administration. Recreational prescription drug use was positively associated with the use of other substances including alcohol. Recreational prescription drug users were also more likely than other drug users to report negative consequences as a result of their drug use. Implications for future research and for student affairs are discussed.

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The #orthorexia community on Instagram

Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity ◽

10.1007/s40519-021-01157-w ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Martina Valente ◽

Sophie Renckens ◽

Joske Bunders-Aelen ◽

Elena V. Syurina

Keyword(s):

Content Analysis ◽

Sense Of Belonging ◽

Mixed Methods Study ◽

Therapeutic Interventions ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Helping Others ◽

The Relationship ◽

Share Information

Abstract Purpose This mixed-methods study delved into the relationship between orthorexia nervosa (ON) and Instagram. Methods Two quantitative data sources were used: content analysis of pictures using #orthorexia (n = 3027), and an online questionnaire investigating the experience of ON and the use of Instagram of people sharing ON-related content on Instagram (n = 185). Following, interviews (n = 9) were conducted with people posting ON-related content on Instagram and self-identifying as having (had) ON. Results People who share ON-related content on Instagram were found to be primarily young women (questionnaire = 95.2% females, mean age 26.2 years; interviews = 100% females, mean age 28.4 years), who were found to be heavy social media users and favor Instagram over other platforms. Questionnaire respondents agreed in defining ON as an obsession with a diet considered healthy, with bio-psycho-social negative consequences, though those who self-identified as having (had) ON were more likely to point out the negative impairments of ON. Interviewees deemed Instagram partially responsible for the development of ON. Instead, they agreed that Instagram encourages problem realization. Content analysis showed that ON is encoded in pictures of ‘food’, ‘people’, ‘text’ and ‘other.’ Interviewees revealed that they started posting to recover, share information, help others, and they felt inspired to post by other accounts. A sense of belonging to the #orthorexia community emerged, where people share values and ideals, and seek validation from others. Conclusion Conversations around #orthorexia on Instagram generate supportive communities aiding recovery. Individuals use Instagram for helping others and themselves recovering from ON. Understanding how people help each other, manage their health, cope with symptoms, and undertake recovery can inform the implementation of therapeutic interventions for ON. Level of evidence Level III, evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case–control analytic studies.

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A Chinese perspective on the actual and preferred sources of coaching knowledge

International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching ◽

10.1177/17479541211018769 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 174795412110187

Author(s):

Xiangbo Ji ◽

Jianhua Xu ◽

Liping Cheng ◽

Jianfei Sun ◽

Xiaocheng Zhang

Keyword(s):

Knowledge Acquisition ◽

Future Research ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Coach Education ◽

Chinese Perspective ◽

Survey Results ◽

The Common ◽

Mentoring System ◽

Sports Coaches ◽

Coaching Effectiveness

Efforts to improve coaching effectiveness require an understanding of the common sources of coaches’ knowledge acquisition. Sports coaches utilise multiple learning sources, yet limited direct evidence elucidates the manner in which Chinese coaches learn to coach and the evolution of their learning sources throughout their careers’ development. This research examines the actual and preferred sources of coaching knowledge for Chinese coaches and analyses changes in learning sources from Junior to Senior level coaches. One hundred coaches from China, including 60 Junior coaches, 23 Intermediate coaches and 17 Senior coaches, completed an online questionnaire. The survey results indicated that coaches acquire knowledge from formal, informal and non-formal learning situations. However, formal coach education (coach education programmes) is the most important source of knowledge acquisition for all coaches. Furthermore, as coaches develop, the sources to acquire knowledge will gradually change from athletic experience to interaction with other coaches. Based on these findings, we suggest that national sport governing bodies build more comprehensive coach education systems by establishing a scientific mentoring system and organising regular coach-themed clinics, seminars, meetings and so on. Future research is needed to examine how coaches in China’s dominant programmes learn to coach and how this learning is practically applied.

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Unpacking Plastic: Investigating Plastic Related Ambivalence

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13042186 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 2186

Author(s):

Lena Hahn ◽

Benjamin Buttlar ◽

Eva Walther

Keyword(s):

Social Influence ◽

Negative Information ◽

Future Research ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Simultaneous Existence

Many people are aware of the negative consequences of plastic use on the environment. Nevertheless, they use plastic due to its functionality. In the present paper, we hypothesized that this leads to the experience of ambivalence—the simultaneous existence of positive and negative evaluations of plastic. In two studies, we found that participants showed greater ambivalence toward plastic packed food than unpacked food. Moreover, they rated plastic packed food less favorably than unpacked food in response evaluations. In Study 2, we tested whether one-sided (only positive vs. only negative) information interventions could effectively influence ambivalence. Results showed that ambivalence is resistant to (social) influence. Directions for future research were discussed.

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Hybrid intelligence in hospitals: towards a research agenda for collaboration

Electronic Markets ◽

10.1007/s12525-021-00457-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Milad Mirbabaie ◽

Stefan Stieglitz ◽

Nicholas R. J. Frick

Keyword(s):

Hospital Setting ◽

Care Process ◽

Future Research ◽

Conversational Agents ◽

Actual Application ◽

Reasonable Approach ◽

Hybrid Intelligence ◽

Application Of Cas ◽

Successful Collaboration

AbstractSuccessful collaboration between clinicians is particularly relevant regarding the quality of care process. In this context, the utilization of hybrid intelligence, such as conversational agents (CAs), is a reasonable approach for the coordination of diverse tasks. While there is a great deal of literature involving collaboration, little effort has been made to integrate previous findings and evaluate research when applying CAs in hospitals. By conducting an extended and systematic literature review and semi-structured expert interviews, we identified four major challenges and derived propositions where in-depth research is needed: 1) audience and interdependency; 2) connectivity and embodiment; 3) trust and transparency; and 4) security, privacy, and ethics. The results are helpful for researchers as we discuss directions for future research on CAs for collaboration in a hospital setting enhancing team performance. Practitioners will be able to understand which difficulties must be considered before the actual application of CAs.

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Ethical leadership

International Journal of Public Leadership ◽

10.1108/ijpl-09-2019-0060 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 88-108 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fahad Shakeel ◽

Peter Mathieu Kruyen ◽

Sandra Van Thiel

Keyword(s):

Public Sector ◽

Organizational Behavior ◽

Ethical Leadership ◽

Future Research ◽

Recent Criticism ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Measurement Instruments ◽

Leadership Theories ◽

Content Type ◽

The Public

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to offer a review of the selected literature in ethical leadership synthesizing findings from 45 articles selected from journals on leadership, public administration, organizational behavior, psychology and ethics. Design/methodology/approach Four themes are addressed: the conceptualization of ethical leadership theories, the existence of popular measurement instruments for ethical leadership, findings on ethical leadership in the public sector and outcomes of ethical leadership in terms of benefits and negative consequences. Findings The definition by Brown et al. (2005) is the most frequently used definition, even though recent criticism states that this definition may be too narrow. Ethical leadership is usually measured by means of a survey; however, there are at least three different questionnaires in use. In the public sector, ethical leadership has been linked to both positive outcomes and negative consequences. Research limitations/implications This paper only includes selected academic articles and does not include published books. Originality/value Based on our findings, the authors present recommendations for future research, among others into a broader conceptualization of ethical leadership and the use of mixed methods.

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