Integrating GIS and statistical approaches to enhance allocation of highway patrol resources

Large truck crashes undermine the contribution of trucks to the U.S. economy due to the economic costs of the crashes. Wyoming has the highest truck crash rate and the lowest budget contribution for traffic enforcement in the USA. Because of the state’s intensive truck corridors, the Wyoming Highway Patrol (WHP) might not be able to use their resources efficiently. Previous studies have indicated that WHP performed better when they allocate their resources efficiently at the right locations and towards the right enforcements. This study used 4-year historical crash and enforcement data along Interstate 80 (I-80), which has the highest truck-related crash rate in Wyoming. Crash data were filtered to include truck crashes only. However, both truck and no-truck enforcements were included in the data because both could be at fault in truck crashes. This study used two approaches to help state policy-makers improve traffic safety on I-80. First, a statistical method was used to identify geometric variables contributing to allocated enforcement and truck crashes. Second, truck crashes and related enforcements were visually assessed using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) mapping. Crash data were disaggregated into the main driver actions of no improper driving, following too closely, improper lane change and driving too fast for the conditions. These driver actions accounted for more than 70% of all truck crashes on I-80. Related enforcements were also identified and disaggregated by driver actions. Disaggregated enforcements and crashes were visualized along the I-80 corridor using GIS maps to see if WHP allocated their resources efficiently. Cluster index, enforcement spatial coverage and mean density are some of the parameters used for the analyses. This study aimed to contribute to research on police effectiveness in reducing truck crashes, police innovation and the use of GIS applications in enforcement. This methodology can be used by other agencies to better allocate resources to improve traffic safety in most efficient ways.

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Use of geographical information systems in multiple sclerosis research: A systematic scoping review

10.21203/rs.3.rs-236908/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Soheil Hashtarkhani ◽

Hossein Tabatabaei-Jafari ◽

Behzad Kiani ◽

MaryAnne Furst ◽

Luis Salvador-Carulla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Geographical Information Systems ◽

Geographical Information ◽

Complex Nature ◽

Gis Applications ◽

Thematic Mapping ◽

Health Related ◽

Comprehensive Search ◽

Comprehensive Search Strategy

Abstract Introduction: Geographical Information System (GIS) and spatial analysis have an emerging role in the understanding and management of health-related outcomes. However, there is a knowledge gap about the extent to which GIS has supported Multiple Sclerosis (MS) research. Therefore, this review aimed to explore the types of GIS applications and the complexity of their visualisation in MS research. Methods: A systematic scoping review was conducted based on York’s five-stage framework. PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were searched for relevant studies published between 2000 and 2020 using a comprehensive search strategy based on the main concepts related to GIS and MS. Grounded, inductive analysis was conducted to organize studies into meaningful application areas. Further, we developed a tool to assess the visualisation complexity of the selected papers.Results: Of 3,723 identified unique citations, 42 papers met our inclusion criteria for the final review. One or more of the following types of GIS applications were reported by these studies: (a) thematic mapping (37 papers); (b) spatial cluster detection (16 papers); (c) risk factors detection (16 papers); and (d) health access and planning (two papers). In the majority of studies (88%), the score of visualisation complexity was relatively low: three or less from the range of zero to six. Conclusions: Although the number of studies using GIS techniques has dramatically increased in the last decade, the use of GIS in the areas of MS access and planning is still under-researched. Additionally, the capacity of GIS in visualising complex nature of MS care system is not yet fully investigated.

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The Value and Scope of GIS in Marketing and Tourism Management

Environmental Information Systems ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-7033-2.ch030 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 706-723

Author(s):

Mertcan Taşçıoğlu ◽

Dursun Yener

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Information System ◽

Geographical Information Systems ◽

Geographical Information ◽

Marketing Theory ◽

Dynamic Information ◽

Gis Applications ◽

Tourism Management ◽

Engineering Statistics ◽

Store Location

Geographical information systems (GIS) are the systems that store location-based data and analyze them. GIS originated from the conventional cartographic techniques of simply drawing maps with a pencil and board. Following the adoption of computer technology, GIS further evolved as a geo-referenced dynamic information system, which can today be considered as a multi-disciplinary instrument that links different disciplines like geography, computer science, remote sensing, civil engineering, statistics, marketing, and other social and behavioral sciences. In this chapter, GIS is defined and its importance and functions are described in detail. Usage of GIS in marketing is explained, especially its development in marketing theory. Also, the value and scope of GIS in tourism management with a view to understand the spread of GIS applications in tourism is explored.

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Narrative Hunger: GIS Mapping, Google Street View and the Colonial Prospectus

Cultural Studies Review ◽

10.5130/csr.v20i2.4052 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ross Gibson

Keyword(s):

Information Systems ◽

Geographical Information Systems ◽

Geographical Information ◽

Gis Mapping ◽

Google Street View ◽

Interactive Maps ◽

Street View ◽

Tracking Time ◽

The One

There are millions of maps like the one Wislawa Szymborska describes. But in this essay I’ll be looking at another kind: geographical information systems, which do get stirred when people engage with them. Arrayed on screens, the surfaces of these interactive maps are designed to get unsettled. There’s electricity and constant data-accrual agitating them, letting them change with context and consultation. They are still accounts of space, these new kinds of maps, but they do not stay still. They alter from moment to moment, tracking time, showing -- albeit mainly at the somewhat occluded level of metadata -- a record of everyone who visits them, who gets folded into them.

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Traffic Safety Evaluation of Video Advertising Signs

Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board ◽

10.1177/0361198105193700115 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 1937 (1) ◽

pp. 105-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Alison Smiley ◽

Bhagwant Persaud ◽

Geni Bahar ◽

Calvin Mollett ◽

Craig Lyon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Traffic Safety ◽

Safety Evaluation ◽

Driver Distraction ◽

Eye Fixation ◽

Crash Data ◽

Video Advertising ◽

Urban Expressway ◽

Public Survey ◽

Before And After ◽

The Right

Road authorities are under increasing pressure from advertisers to allow video advertising in the right-of-way but are understandably concerned about whether video signs constitute a driving hazard. At the City of Toronto's request, a comprehensive assessment of traffic safety impacts related to such signs was carried out in a series of studies involving three downtown intersections and an urban expressway site. An on-road eye fixation study was carried out to determine if drivers look at video advertising signs. Conflict studies were conducted to determine if there were more conflicts on intersection approaches with visible video signs than on those without such signs. A before-and-after sign installation study of headways and speeds on the urban expressway was carried out. Crashes were compared before and after sign installation at the expressway and three intersection sites. Finally, a public survey was conducted to determine if video advertising was perceived to affect traffic safety. On the basis of the eye fixation study and the public survey data, it is apparent that video advertising can distract drivers inappropriately and lead to individual crashes. However, the evidence from other studies was not consistent and suggests that for the particular signs studied, overall impacts on traffic safety are likely to be small. Further studies, especially prospective ones with larger crash data sets, are required to be certain about the findings. A comparison between this study and an earlier one suggests that there are large differences in driver distraction depending on the placement and the environment in which the sign is seen. Further studies are required to determine factors that minimize driver distraction.

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Cartography and GIS

10.12737/textbook_5cadb292db8b30.61086912 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Вячеслав Раклов ◽

Vyacheslav Raklov

Keyword(s):

Real Estate ◽

Land Management ◽

Geographical Information Systems ◽

Geographical Information ◽

Gis Mapping ◽

History Of ◽

Gis Environment ◽

Composition Structure ◽

Classification Of Maps

The textbook considers the basic concepts of cartography, the history of its development, as well as the classification of maps and the main elements of the map, the issues of mathematical cartography, the main stages of creating maps, the factors, types and methods of cartographic generalization. Separate sections of the manual are devoted to cartographic signs and methods of image on maps of thematic content, the development of cartographic scales and methods of use of maps in land management and cadastre. Separately, the issues of the functioning of geographical information systems (GIS): their composition, structure, technology for creating thematic maps in the GIS environment. The manual concludes with a section on GIS mapping for real estate cadastre, environmental protection and land monitoring, as well as recommendations on the choice of GIS and requirements for cartographic documentation of real estate cadastre. Recommended for students studying in the field of "land Management", "Land cadastre", "Urban cadastre".

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A Package-Based Architecture for Customized GIS

Handbook of Research on Geoinformatics ◽

10.4018/978-1-59140-995-3.ch039 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 311-319

Author(s):

Andrés Pazos ◽

José Poveda ◽

Michael Gould

Keyword(s):

Geographical Information Systems ◽

User Authentication ◽

Free Software ◽

Version Control ◽

Geographical Information ◽

Server Side ◽

On Demand ◽

Gis Applications ◽

Software Packages ◽

Component Architecture

In this chapter we present a package-based component architecture for the specific deployment and maintenance of public sector applications, specifically corporate Geographical Information Systems (GIS). The three-tier architecture defines a group of server-side packages, a kernel and external packages, that are dynamically requested and assembled at execution time according to the needs of individual users to produce on demand customized GIS applications. An intermediate middleware layer handles user authentication and version control. In order to demonstrate the proposed architecture, a practical prototype has been implemented using Java WebStart. This prototype demonstrates the creation of several GIS client applications, with increasing levels of functionality, and based on free software packages.

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A Package-Based Architecture for Customized GIS

Geographic Information Systems ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-2038-4.ch030 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 493-500 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Andrés Pazos ◽

José Poveda ◽

Michael Gould

Keyword(s):

Geographical Information Systems ◽

User Authentication ◽

Free Software ◽

Version Control ◽

Geographical Information ◽

Server Side ◽

On Demand ◽

Gis Applications ◽

Software Packages ◽

Component Architecture

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Application of the ARC/INFO GIS for Geomorphological Research with Special Attention to Morphostructural Analysis

Geografie ◽

10.37040/geografie1995100010003 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 100 (1) ◽

pp. 3-9

Author(s):

Lubomír Dvořák

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

Information Systems ◽

Geographical Information Systems ◽

Geographical Information ◽

Gis Applications ◽

Modern Methods ◽

Respective Field

Many different Geographical Information Systems (GIS) exist nowadays; geographers, however, have sometimes problems with GIS applications in their respective field. The use of GIS in geomorphological research is presented. Special attention is given to the connection between the ARC/INFO GIS and morphostructural analysis which belongs among modern methods of geomorphological research. The study area is located in the northern part of Zábřežská Highland, Bohemian Highlands, Czech Republic.

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Constructing Citizenship Without a Licence: The Struggle of Undocumented Immigrants in the USA for Livelihoods and Recognition

Studies in Social Justice ◽

10.26522/ssj.v4i2.1000 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 165-178 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Fran Ansley

Keyword(s):

Traffic Safety ◽

Global Perspective ◽

Undocumented Migrants ◽

Human Beings ◽

International Mobility ◽

Globalizing World ◽

The Usa ◽

Citizenship Norms ◽

On The Road ◽

The Right

This article questions the meanings and expression of "citizenship" in the context of new Latina and Latino migration into the southeastern United States-a region long marked by legally policed racial systems and now experiencing the varied shocks of globalization. Focused on a legislative campaign that won access to a state-issued driver's licence for undocumented migrants in Tennessee in spring 2001, the article explores some of the tensions that emerged on the road to this unlikely victory and raises questions for the immigrants' rights movement in the US about the costs and gains that may follow from different ways of framing its demands. The dominant frame this particular campaign adopted was a pragmatic and politically acceptable call to improve traffic safety, one that reflected a conscious choice to downplay issues of rights, justice or global perspective. Yet the article also reports that the campaign in fact created and used opportunities for activists to raise issues related to migrant rights. It also made a dramatic, albeit temporary, improvement in the daily lives of migrants in the state. The article then sketches three citizenship norms that current struggles might prefigure. These three norms are: the full right to international mobility of human beings; the right to identity; and duties of citizenship in a globalizing world.

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Challenges in Disaster Data Collection during Recent Disasters

Prehospital and Disaster Medicine ◽

10.1017/s1049023x11006339 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 196-201 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Melinda Morton ◽

J. Lee Levy

Keyword(s):

Data Collection ◽

Hurricane Katrina ◽

Geographical Information Systems ◽

Health Data ◽

Geographical Information ◽

Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽

Gis Mapping ◽

Data Repositories ◽

Needs Assessments ◽

Disaster Data

AbstractGathering essential health data to provide rapid and effective medical relief to populations devastated by the effects of a disaster-producing event involves challenges. These challenges include response to environmental hazards, security of personnel and resources, political and economic issues, cultural barriers, and difficulties in communication, particularly between aid agencies. These barriers often impede the timely collection of key health data such as morbidity and mortality, rapid health and sheltering needs assessments, key infrastructure assessments, and nutritional needs assessments. Examples of these challenges following three recent events: (1) the Indian Ocean tsunami; (2) Hurricane Katrina; and (3) the 2010 earthquake in Haiti are reviewed. Some of the innovative and cutting-edge approaches for surmounting many of these challenges include: (1) the establishment of geographical information systems (GIS) mapping disaster databases; (2) establishing internet surveillance networks and data repositories; (3) utilization of personal digital assistant-based platforms for data collection; (4) involving key community stakeholders in the data collection process; (5) use of pre-established, local, collaborative networks to coordinate disaster efforts; and (6) exploring potential civil-military collaborative efforts. The application of these and other innovative techniques shows promise for surmounting formidable challenges to disaster data collection.

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