scholarly journals Mutual learning on the local level: The Swiss Red Cross and the Village Health Committees in the Kyrgyz Republic

2020 ◽  
pp. 146801812095003
Author(s):  
Gulnaz Isabekova
Keyword(s):  
Design Thinking ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Development Assistance ◽  
Development Aid ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Mutual Learning ◽  
The Village ◽  
Village Health

The importance of mutual learning between providers and recipients of development assistance has been emphasised for decades. Nevertheless, its practical implementation remains limited, primarily due to organisational issues and unequal power relations in development aid. Using the ‘design-thinking’ approach, this study demonstrates the possibility of mutual learning utilising the example of the Swiss Red Cross and the Village Health Committees in the Kyrgyz Republic. Based on the related project documentation and interviews with relevant partners, this article provides an insight into the factors enabling mutual learning in practice. It suggests that decentralisation of the organisation, its leadership and response to failures, continuous contact between provider and recipient of development assistance, and emphasis on local expertise contribute to learning. Although context-specific, these findings are essential to understanding the mutual learning in general and taking this phenomenon from theory to practice.

TICAD: The Context of Japan’s Development Aids to Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayokunle Olumuyiwa Omobowale
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
International Development ◽  
Development Assistance ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Development Aid ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Usual Practice ◽  
Self Help ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
And Control

Most of the discourse on development aid in Africa has been limited to assistance from Western countries and those provided by competing capitalist and socialist blocs during the Cold war era. Japan, a nation with great economic and military capabilities; its development assistance for Africa is encapsulated in the Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD) initiative. The TICAD started in 1993 and Japan has so far held 5 TICAD meetings between 1993 and 2013 during which Africa’s development challenges and Japan’s development assistance to the continent were discussed. The emphasis on “ownership”, “self-help” and “partnership” are major peculiar characteristics of Japan’s development aid that puts the design, implementation and control of development projects under the control of recipient countries. This is a major departure from the usual practice in international development assistance where recipient countries are bound by clauses that somewhat puts the control of development aid in the hands of the granting countries. Such binding clauses have often been described as inimical to the successful administration of the aids and development in recipient countries. Though Japan’s development aid to Africa started only in 1993, by the 2000s, Japan was the topmost donor to Africa. This paper examines the context of Japan’s development aid to Africa by analyzing secondary data sourced from literature and secondary statistics.

A Practitioner’s Perspective on Realignment

2016 ◽  
Vol 664 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-235
Author(s):  
Wendy S. Still
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Interagency Collaboration ◽  
Cultural Barriers ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Direct Experience ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Alternatives To Incarceration ◽  
Level I ◽  
The City

This article offers a practitioner’s perspective on California’s criminal justice Realignment. Drawing on my direct experience implementing Realignment as the chief probation officer in the city and county of San Francisco, I argue that the San Francisco case illustrates how decarceration can occur without compromising public safety, and I offer a set of lessons for practitioners and policy-makers about how to achieve decarceration despite local political, organizational, and cultural barriers. Specifically, I identify interagency collaboration, investment in community corrections and a commitment to alternatives to incarceration and community engagement with the families of both victims and offenders as key facilitators of decarceration at the local level. I urge observers not to dismiss these lessons as idiosyncratic to San Francisco’s unique locale. Rather, my experience has been that even San Francisco’s exceptionally hospitable local culture is not enough to successfully implement reform; structural arrangements that institutionalize the practical implementation of cultural commitments to reduce reliance on incarceration are required.

Integrating Slum Upgrading and Vulnerability Reduction in Mozambique

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-115
Author(s):  
Mathias Spaliviero
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Peace Agreement ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Vulnerability Reduction ◽  
Extreme Flood ◽  
Slum Upgrading

Due to its location, Mozambique suffers from cyclical flooding associated with heavy rains and cyclones. In recent years, extreme flood events affected millions of people, disrupting the economic recovery process that followed the peace agreement in 1992. Despite this natural threat, most of the population continues to live in flood prone areas both in rural environment, due to the dependency on agricultural activities, and in urban environment, since unsafe zones are often the only affordable option for new settlers. This paper presents a brief analytical review on different issues related with urban informal settlements, or slums, based on different project activities developed by the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT) in Mozambique. The aim is to identify applicable strategies to reduce vulnerability in urban slums, where approximately 70 percent of the urban population live. The implemented project activities target different organisational levels in an integrated manner, seeking for active involvement of the Government, local authorities and communities at each implementation stage, from decision-making to practical implementation. They consist of three main components: 1) supporting policy-making in order to ensure sustainable urban development, 2) delivering a comprehensive training and capacity building based on the mainstreaming concept of “Learning How to Live with Floods” as valid alternative to resettlement, and 3) facilitating participatory land use planning coupled with physical upgrading interventions at the local level. In the long-term, the intention of UN-HABITAT is to progressively focus on community-based slum upgrading and vulnerability reduction activities, coordinated by local authorities and actively monitored by central institutions, in improving and managing basic services and infrastructures (i.e. water supply, drainage, sanitation, waste management, road network, etc). This type of bottom-up experiences should then represent a basis for setting up a slum upgrading intervention strategy to be applied at the national level.

scholarly journals Gyoma hõsi halottai az elsõ világháborúban

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-34
Author(s):  
Benjámin Dávid
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
World War ◽  
National Data ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
20Th Century History ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Social Demographic ◽  
The Village ◽  
First World

Examining the consequences of the First World War, it can be concluded that its impact on the demographic conditions was significant. In addition to the national data it is important to examine them on local level, too. Based on these studies interesting data have been found. Therefore, I have decided to examine the 20th century history of my hometown, Gyomaendrõd in detail. (It is important to note that during the investigated period Gyoma and Endrõd were two separate villages.) Gyoma village is a traditional lowland settlement which is located in Bekes County. Based on the 1910 census, 11 699 people lived in Gyoma. The denominational share of Gyoma in 1910 shows a Calvinistic majority (74%), Catholic (15%) and Lutheran (8,5%) minority. If the nationalities are examined, it can be noticed that 94% of the population is of Hungarian nationality, while there is a 5% German minority. In my research I set two main objectives: Firstly, I will clarify how many of the men enlisted from the settlement died, where, when and in which corps. Based on the exact war loss and official statistics it will be shown how it led to social, demographic and economic changes in the life of the village. For my research I used documents found in the Békés County Archives of Békési Branch Archives, more precisely the death certificates were used as primary resources.

scholarly journals From disaster relief to disaster risk reduction: a consideration of the evolving international relief mechanism

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewald Van Niekerk
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Relief ◽  
Development Assistance ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Development Aid ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Gradual Shift ◽  
International Policies

Disaster risk reduction is an ever-growing concept and finds its application within various disciplines. This article investigates the development of disaster risk reduction and some of the most important aspects which shaped it. The early years of international disaster relief are discussed and it is shown how a change in this system was necessitated by a variety of factors and international disasters, which exposed its weakness. The article argues that disaster relief and development aid were inextricably linked and it is this linkage which provided a catalyst for questioning the manner in which relief, and development assistance, were provided. The later emphasis on disaster preparedness and management is discussed, and international policies and mechanisms, which contributed to a gradual shift in focus towards disaster risk reduction, enjoy attention. The article concludes that solutions to disaster risks lie within a rigorous trans- disciplinary focus.

scholarly journals Inclusion of Indigenous Tharu People in UNDP Supported Village Development Program: A case study of Benimanipur VDC, Nawaparasi, Western-Terai, Nepal

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 54-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damodar Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Social Mobilization ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Local Power ◽  
Local Networks ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Village

By using both qualitative and quantitative data generated from primary as well as secondary sources the study tries to find out to what extent the social mobilization approach of UNDP supported Village Development Program (VDP) was effective to include and able to empower the indigenous Tharu people. The socio-economic status of majority of Tharus was weak and limited by state policies since historical period and local power relations which played the pivotal role to result to exclude them from the mainstream of development. In macro level the social mobilization approach of VDP was strong to initiate the issue of inclusion to empower the marginalized people, but in local level it was weak to implement the policies efficiently and effectively regards to local diverse conditions and differentiated actors. The diversity in the village resulted in the different responses to the social mobilization program. Particularly the social mobilization process was generalized and limited by the local networks of power relation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hjsa.v3i0.1496 Himalayan Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol.III, Sept. 2008 p.54-72

Bilateral Aid Allocation for International Development: Impact of the Financial Crisis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (4) ◽  
pp. 100-121
Author(s):  
Elena Balter ◽  
Aleksandra Morozkina
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
International Development ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Development Assistance ◽  
Development Aid ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
External Financing ◽  
Bilateral Aid ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Allocation Decisions

This article examines the impact of financial crisis of 2008-2009 on allocation of development aid. Using OECD data on Official Development Assistance (ODA) allocation for international development by key donor countries, authors test three hypotheses: first, general impact of crisis on ODA allocation; second, impact of crisis on three recipient income groups; third, impact of crisis on relative importance of analyzed factors for ODA allocation decisions. The results show that general impact of crisis on ODA volumes was negative, although donors preferred to increase aid to low-income countries. Impact of factors describing economic situation in donor countries (public debt level, government expenditures and donor growth) increased after crisis. Donor countries might make use of these results to increase efficiency of their development assistance strategies, whereas recipient countries may exploit these results in order to attract more external financing for development.

Theory and Practice of International Development Assistance in Third World Countries: Background for the 1980's

1981 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 566-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seleshi Sisaye
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
International Development ◽  
Third World ◽  
Development Assistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Development Aid ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Development Objective

Since the beginnings of development assistance to Third World countries during the post-World War II period, there have been some philosophical changes in the theory and practice of development aid programmes. Western development aid ( i.e., of the United States and West European countries), can be classified into two main conceptual types. These include economic growth as development objective and economic growth with an increased quality of life as development objective. The first two decades of development assistance 1950–1970 focused on economic growth objectives with increased production. The period, 1970–1980 concentrated on redistributive measures to improve the quality of life of the rural poor, the provision of basic needs, creation of employment opportunities, and the implementation of policy measures to reduce relative inequality and absolute poverty. The main purpose of this article is to discuss the changes in the theory and practice of Western aid programmes in Third World countries from 1945–1979. We will look into the underlying international causes that contributed to these changes. We will also review the evolution of aid to Third World countries for the last thirty years by examing the economic, political and social background for the changes in development assistance from urban to rural development programmes and from an emphasis in increasing production to that of redistribution with growth. These problems are discussed in the hight of their relevance for policy-onented rescoorch in Third World Comtnes.

Chinese development aid to Asia: Size and motives

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoon Ah Oh
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
Energy Transport ◽  
Development Assistance ◽  
Development Aid ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Territorial Dispute ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Chinese Official

This research note empirically examines China’s development assistance to Asia, a region critical to China’s geostrategic ambition, from 2000 to 2014. It uses AidData’s Global Chinese Official Finance Dataset, one of the most reliable publicly available data sources on Chinese aid, which systematically collects and classifies different types of China’s official development finance. It is found that, despite a recent surge, China’s development assistance to Asia remains highly limited compared to that of Japan, Asia’s top donor, and that the economic sectors of energy, transport, and mining dominate financial flows. Econometric analysis results suggest that China’s aid allocation in Asia is influenced by its export relations, but, more importantly, that foreign policy considerations do not play a significant role, which is in contrast to the findings of recent work on Chinese aid to Africa. The results suggest that better measures may be needed to properly capture China’s strategic interests in Asia, including its involvement in the territorial dispute in the South China Sea.

scholarly journals Judicial review and the future of UK development assistance: On the Application of O v Secretary of State for International Development (2014)

Legal Studies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 320-335
Author(s):  
John Harrington ◽  
Ambreena Manji
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
Development Assistance ◽  
National Income ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Development Aid ◽  
Secretary Of State ◽  
Development Spending ◽  
Accountability Gap ◽  
First Time

AbstractIn this paper we explore a case for judicial review brought against the Secretary of State for International Development by an Ethiopian national, Mr O. The claimant alleged that the Department for International Development (DfID) had failed adequately to assess evidence of human rights violations in Ethiopia to which funds provided by DfID had contributed. Warby J ruled that the claim merited a full hearing. DfID is unaccustomed to judicial review: the O case is the first time since the 1995 Pergau Dam case that UK development aid has been reviewed by the courts. We study Warby J's judgment and its implications for accountabiity for aid decisions. We argue that both the wider context for aid and the legal framework governing development assistance have changed significantly in the 20 or so years since Pergau. In particular, we show that despite the UK's new legal commitment, made in 2015, to spend 0.7% of gross national income (GNI) on official development assistance, the existing mechanisms for scrutinising aid decisions are inadequate. We argue that there is an accountability gap in relation to the UK's now considerable development spending and explore the role of judicial review in this context.

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