scholarly journals Effects of pyrolysis parameters on the distribution of pyrolysis products of Miscanthus

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 146867832110109
Author(s):  
Zhangmao Hu ◽  
Tong Zhou ◽  
Hong Tian ◽  
Leihua Feng ◽  
Can Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heating Rate ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Relative Peak Area ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Peak Area Ratio

This work presents a comprehensive study on the effects of pyrolysis parameters (pyrolysis temperature, residence time, and heating rate) on the distribution of pyrolysis products of Miscanthus. Py-GC/MS (Pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass) was conducted to identify building blocks of value-added chemical from Miscanthus. The results showed that the main pyrolysis products of Miscanthus were ketone, aldehyde, phenol, heterocycles, and aromatic compounds. The representative compounds of ketone and aldehyde compounds produced at different pyrolysis temperatures changed obviously, while the representative compounds of phenolic, heterocyclic, and aromatic compounds had no obvious change. Large-scale pyrolysis of Miscanthus had begun at 400°C, and the relative content of pyrolysis products from Miscanthus reached the maximum of 98.34% at 700°C. The relative peak area ratio of phenol and aromatic compounds reached the maximum and minimum at the residence time of 5 and 10 s, while the relative peak area ratio of ketone compounds showed the opposite trend. The relative peak area ratio of aldehyde compounds was higher under shorter or longer residence time. For heterocyclic compounds, the relative peak area ratio reached the maximum of 27.0% at residence time of 10 s. The faster or slower heating rate was beneficial to the production of aldehyde and phenol compounds. The relative peak area ratio of ketone compounds reached the maximum at 10,000°C/s, 70°C/s, and 10°C/s, and the relative peak area ratio tendency of heterocyclic compounds was similar to ketone. For aromatic compounds, the overall fluctuations were large, and the relative peak area ratio was the highest at the heating rate of 100°C/s.

Modular, Stereocontrolled Cβ–H/Cα–C Activation of Alkyl Carboxylic Acids

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Shang ◽  
Karla S. Feu ◽  
Julien C. Vantourout ◽  
Lisa M. Barton ◽  
Heather L. Osswald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Cross Coupling ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Enantioselective Synthesis ◽  
Carbon Centers ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Rapid Diversification ◽  
Directing Group ◽  
Compound Series

<div> <div> <div> <p>The union of two powerful transformations, directed C–H activation and decarboxylative cross-coupling, for the enantioselective synthesis of vicinally functionalized alkyl, carbocyclic, and heterocyclic compounds is described. Starting from simple carboxylic acid building blocks, this modular sequence exploits the residual directing group to access more than 50 scaffolds that would be otherwise extremely difficult to prepare. The tactical use of these two transformations accomplishes a formal vicinal difunctionalization of carbon centers in a way that is modular and thus amenable to rapid diversity incorporation. A simplification of routes to known preclinical drug candidates is presented along with the rapid diversification of an antimalarial compound series. </p> </div> </div> </div>

Recent Development in the Chemistry of Bicyclic 6+5 Systems, Part II: Chemistry of Triazolopyrimidine Derivatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 897-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moustafa A. Gouda ◽  
Ameen Ali Abu-Hashem ◽  
Hoda Abdel Raouf Hussein ◽  
Ahmed S. Aly
Keyword(s):  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Pharmacological Interest

This review describes the synthesis and reactions of substituted triazolopyrimidines as building blocks toward polyfunctionalized heterocyclic compounds with pharmacological interest.

Synthesis and Biological Potentials of Quinoline Analogues: A Review of Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 653-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leena Kumari ◽  
Salahuddin ◽  
Avijit Mazumder ◽  
Daman Pandey ◽  
Mohammad Shahar Yar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Drug Discovery Process ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Lead Compounds ◽  
Synthetic Approaches ◽  
Derivatives Of

Heterocyclic compounds are well known for their different biological activity. The heterocyclic analogs are the building blocks for synthesis of the pharmaceutical active compounds in the organic chemistry. These derivatives show various type of biological activity like anticancer, antiinflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-convulsant, anti-malarial, anti-hypertensive, etc. From the last decade research showed that the quinoline analogs plays a vital role in the development of newer medicinal active compounds for treating various type of disease. Quinoline reported for their antiviral, anticancer, anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory activity. This review will summarize the various synthetic approaches for synthesis of quinoline derivatives and to check their biological activity. Derivatives of quinoline moiety plays very important role in the development of various types of newer drugs and it can be used as lead compounds for future investigation in the field of drug discovery process.

scholarly journals Effect of the Incorporation of Biomass in the Carbonization of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment

Proceedings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Roberta Mota-Panizio ◽  
Luis F. Carmo-Calado ◽  
Octávio Alves ◽  
Catarina Nobre ◽  
J. L. Silveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heating Rate ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Electronic Equipment ◽  
Initial Value ◽  
Carbonization Process ◽  
Chlorine Removal

The behavior of chars from the carbonization process were studied when the lignocellulosic biomass was incorporated into the waste of electrical and electronic equipment for chlorine removal. Tests were performed at 300°C with a heating rate of 15°C/min and residence time of 60 min. Compositions studied had 100, 75, 50, 25 and 0% of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) in the mixtures. The composition of 50% WEEE with 50% lignocellulosic biomass presented the best char properties, having an increment of the calorific value in 5.5% relative to the initial value, and chlorine removal of 23.4% when compared to the forestry biomass.

scholarly journals Characterization of selected pyrolysis products of diseased orange wood

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 7118-7126
Author(s):  
Carolina Kravetz ◽  
Carlos Leca ◽  
José Otávio Brito ◽  
Daniel Saloni ◽  
David C. Tilotta
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Domestic Use ◽  
Immediate Analysis ◽  
Orange Trees

Orange trees in Brazil are often burned as a means of eradication when they become infected with Huanglongbing disease. Rather than destroying them, which is a low-value proposition, one potential option is to utilize the biomass through pyrolysis. In this preliminary work, orange trees (Citrus sinensis) otherwise selected for purging, were sampled and pyrolyzed at 500 °C, and the charcoal and bio-oil were evaluated for potential value-added use. The results showed that the pyrolysis process resulted in 26.3% charcoal, 57.6% bio-oil, and 16.0% non-condensable gases. Qualitative analysis of the bio-oil by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry found 178 chemical compounds; however, only 25% of those compounds could be reliably identified. Potential applications of the compounds identified in the bio-oil were determined by examining the published literature, and it was found that at least 73% of them showed promise. Finally, initial studies on the immediate analysis of the pyrolysis charcoal showed that it potentially meets the standards set forth for Brazilian domestic use.

scholarly journals Thermophilic Degradation of Hemicellulose, a Critical Feedstock in the Production of Bioenergy and Other Value-Added Products

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Cann ◽  
Gabriel V. Pereira ◽  
Ahmed M. Abdel-Hamid ◽  
Heejin Kim ◽  
Daniel Wefers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Renewable Fuels ◽  
Microbial Enzymes

ABSTRACT Renewable fuels have gained importance as the world moves toward diversifying its energy portfolio. A critical step in the biomass-to-bioenergy initiative is deconstruction of plant cell wall polysaccharides to their unit sugars for subsequent fermentation to fuels. To acquire carbon and energy for their metabolic processes, diverse microorganisms have evolved genes encoding enzymes that depolymerize polysaccharides to their carbon/energy-rich building blocks. The microbial enzymes mostly target the energy present in cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin, three major forms of energy storage in plants. In the effort to develop bioenergy as an alternative to fossil fuel, a common strategy is to harness microbial enzymes to hydrolyze cellulose to glucose for fermentation to fuels. However, the conversion of plant biomass to renewable fuels will require both cellulose and hemicellulose, the two largest components of the plant cell wall, as feedstock to improve economic feasibility. Here, we explore the enzymes and strategies evolved by two well-studied bacteria to depolymerize the hemicelluloses xylan/arabinoxylan and mannan. The sets of enzymes, in addition to their applications in biofuels and value-added chemical production, have utility in animal feed enzymes, a rapidly developing industry with potential to minimize adverse impacts of animal agriculture on the environment.

Bringing It All Together (Data Mining on an Enterprise Level)

2001 ◽  
pp. 119-136
Author(s):  
Stephan Kudyba ◽  
Richard Hoptroff
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
It Systems ◽  
Brick And Mortar ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Enterprise Level ◽  
Business User

Up to now we have presented the fundamental building blocks to understanding the concept of data mining and addressed the prevailing applications within the corporate environment including both the “brick and mortar” style and e-commerce spectrums. The process does not stop here however. In order to implement mining on an enterprise basis, firms must overcome some potentially serious obstacles and address key issues. The more complex nature of data mining generally limits its use to a smaller population of individuals in a given firm, (although this is not always the case). Because of this, a common drawback to the process of effective Mining is the communication of value-added model results to corresponding users of this information. Just as there exists a gap between IT personnel, (those who know the technical side of systems) and the business user, (those who require IT systems to help solve their problems), there also exists a communication gap between the “data miners” and those who need to apply the resulting models to help solve their business problem. Other issues which must be considered before implementing an organization wide mining approach entails the development of total mining solutions instead of limiting applications to a few business problems. Decision makers must also avoid the trap of relying too heavily on mining results and must remember that these models are not crystal ball providers of perfect knowledge. Because of this, they must therefore monitor actual business performance against projected measures to maintain model effectiveness and accuracy.

Heteroatom distribution in pyrolysis products as a function of heating rate and pressure

Fuel ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-Y. Cai ◽  
A.J. Güell ◽  
D.R. Dugwell ◽  
R. Kandiyoti
Keyword(s):  
Heating Rate ◽  
Pyrolysis Products

scholarly journals A Case of Adaptive Laboratory Evolution (ALE): Biodegradation of Furfural by Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes CECT 5344

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 499 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Isabel Igeño ◽  
Daniel Macias ◽  
Rafael Blasco
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Yeast Fermentation ◽  
Adaptive Laboratory Evolution ◽  
Pseudomonas Pseudoalcaligenes ◽  
Hydroxymethyl Furfural ◽  
Double Recombination ◽  
Lag Period

Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes CECT 5344 is a bacterium able to assimilate cyanide as a nitrogen source at alkaline pH. Genome sequencing of this strain allowed the detection of genes related to the utilization of furfurals as a carbon and energy source. Furfural and 5-(hydroxymethyl) furfural (HMF) are byproducts of sugars production during the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. Since they inhibit the yeast fermentation to obtain bioethanol from sugars, the biodegradation of these compounds has attracted certain scientific interest. P. pseudoalcaligenes was able to use furfuryl alcohol, furfural and furoic acid as carbon sources, but after a lag period of several days. Once adapted, the evolved strain (R1D) did not show any more prolonged lag phases. The transcriptomic analysis (RNA-seq) of R1D revealed a non-conservative punctual mutation (L261R) in BN5_2307, a member of the AraC family of activators, modifying the charge of the HTH region of the protein. The inactivation of the mutated gene in the evolved strain by double recombination reverted to the original phenotype. Although the bacterium did not assimilate HMF, it transformed it into value-added building blocks for the chemical industry. These results could be used to improve the production of cost-effective second-generation biofuels from agricultural wastes.

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