Competitive/comparative governance mechanisms beyond marketization: A refined concept of competition in education governance research

2020 ◽  
pp. 147490412095892
Author(s):  
Miriam Madsen
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Western World ◽  
Educational Governance ◽  
Managerial Decision ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Education Governance ◽  
Relevant Term ◽  
European Education ◽  
State Models

Much contemporary scholarship claims that competition has become a key characteristic of educational governance, and that competition occurs in educational governance as a consequence of the comparative turn in education. This article problematizes the widespread application of the concept of competition as a relevant term across (seemingly) all governance contexts, and seeks to overcome this problem by theorizing competition as an entangled phenomenon that takes on a different ontology according to the specific situations in which it occurs. This theorization highlights three dimensions of competition that may affect its ontology: the field of contestants, the rules of the game, and the competition objective. The result is an analytical framework that makes the concept of competition sensitive to different governance contexts across Europe and the Western world, including those with strong remnants of universalistic welfare state models. The analytical framework allows for a distinction between market-based competition and competition as a governance instrument that mediates managerial decision-making in which the contestants fight to avoid top-down reform rather than fighting against their peers. The analytical framework implies that we cannot characterize all European education systems as governed through competition-based mechanisms without caution and further specification.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and its effects: On the risk of social inequality through digitalization and the loss of trust in three European education systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 147490412110313
Author(s):  
Inka Bormann ◽  
Katja Brøgger ◽  
Milan Pol ◽  
Bohumíra Lazarová
Keyword(s):  
Distance Education ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Educational Governance ◽  
Educational Facilities ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Education Governance ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Inequality In Education ◽  
European Education

This paper develops informed assumptions on the potential loss of trust as an unintended side-effect of the measures in education to contain the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Well-founded concerns according to which the pandemic-induced closure of educational facilities and the shift to digitalized distance education are contributing to increased social inequality in education serve as a starting point for the argumentation. The paper contends that together with the temporary changes in the style of educational governance, in the medium term an exacerbated social inequality in education can cause a potential trust problem for the central actors imposing the measures. To support this line of reasoning, the exploratory study describes the context conditions which are relevant for the implementation and participation in digitalized distance education (measures, access and competent use of digital devices in education, level of trust) and combines them with the findings of a qualitative analysis of relevant documents from three European countries (Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany). A neo-institutional view is applied to exploring the implications of the changes in education governance and their potential side-effects on trust.

Development of a 50-State Typology of Education Governance

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-155
Author(s):  
Joanna Smith ◽  
Hovanes Gasparian
Keyword(s):  
Education System ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Educational Goals ◽  
Educational Governance ◽  
Education Governance ◽  
State Education ◽  
Governance Systems ◽  
K 12 ◽  
Degree Of Participation ◽  
Legislative Review

To better understand the complexities of state education governance systems, this study uses Brewer and Smith's (2008) framework to examine the structures, policies, and processes in each state's K–12 education system. We conducted a legislative review to examine three dimensions of educational governance: (1) level of control, (2) distribution of authority, and (3) degree of participation. The resulting 7 indicators and 35 sub-indicators were weighted to create a typology that sorts states into eight possible designations. This typology enables policymakers and future researchers to understand how various policies enhance or inhibit educational goals in different state settings.

scholarly journals The ‘standard of civilization’ in international law: Intellectual perspectives from pre-war Japan

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (01) ◽  
pp. 13-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Shahabuddin
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
International Law ◽  
Far East ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Western World ◽  
European Standard ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Historical Pattern ◽  
National Spirit ◽  
Opening Up

AbstractThis article establishes the normative connection between Japan’s responses to regional hegemonic order prior to the nineteenth century and its subsequent engagement with the European standard of civilization. I argue that the Japanese understanding of the ‘standard of civilization’ in the nineteenth century was informed by the historical pattern of its responses to hegemony and the discourse on cultural superiority in the Far East that shifted from Sinocentrism to the unbroken Imperial lineage to the national-spirit. Although Japanese scholars accepted and engaged with the European standard of civilization after the forced opening up of Japan to the Western world in the mid-nineteenth century, they did so for instrumental purposes and soon translated ‘civilization’ into a language of imperialism to reassert supremacy in the region. Through intellectual historiography, this narrative contextualizes Japan’s engagement with the European standard of civilization, and offers an analytical framework not only to go beyond Eurocentrism but also to identify various other loci of hegemony, which are connected through the same language of power.

Exposing scale hegemonies

2019 ◽  
pp. 35-46
Author(s):  
Natalie Papanastasiou
Keyword(s):  
Education Policy ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Discourse Theory ◽  
Politics Of Scale ◽  
Education Governance ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Scalar Politics ◽  
European Education ◽  
Introductory Discussion ◽  
Over Time

The first aim of this chapter is to present an introductory discussion to the book’s empirical focus on education governance. It demonstrates that education governance is a field that is teeming with politics of scale and therefore constitutes an ideal focus for exploring the book’s overarching conceptual puzzle. The second aim of the chapter is to present a useful entry point for policy scholars seeking to explore possible practices of scalecraft in policy contexts. The discussion outlines the key tenets of a genealogical perspective which draws on political discourse theory and pays particular analytical attention to the ‘dislocatory moments’ of policy. By tracing how European education policy evolved over time, the discussion empirically illustrates how a genealogical perspective is an invaluable lens for exposing the contingency of scale hegemonies and that this serves as an essential starting point for problematising scalar politics.

Vulnerability: Towards a Better Understanding of a Key Variable in the Genesis of Fear of Crime

1990 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Killias
Keyword(s):  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
International Review ◽  
Loss Of Control ◽  
Suggested Model ◽  
Considerable Support

Previous research on fear of crime has identified, among women and other sub-groups of the population, high fear levels which could not be adequately explained by measures of exposure to risk. Several authors have argued, therefore, that vulnerability may be the key variable behind the observed distribution of fear of crime. In this paper, three dimensions of vulnerability (exposure to risk, seriousness of consequences, loss of control) are identified and integrated into an analytical framework which also takes into account physical, social, and situational factors of vulnerability. A selective international review of research reveals considerable support for the suggested model.

Study on Initial States of Steel Balls in Mill by Discrete Element Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 546-547 ◽  
pp. 120-124
Author(s):  
Ping Zhou ◽  
Jing Hong Du ◽  
Xi Xiang Duan
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Element Method ◽  
Discrete Element ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Particle Flow Code ◽  
Filling Rate ◽  
Initial State ◽  
State Models ◽  
Steel Balls ◽  
Small Steel ◽  
Element Method

Based on Discrete Element Method(DEM), initial state models of steel balls were establisheded by Particle Flow Code in three Dimensions (PFC 3D), the initial void rate of steel balls at different filling rate were calculated. The results showed that at the same filling rate, the initial void rate of steel balls decreased as steel ball’s diameter decreased. The initial void rate of steel balls with one diameter and grading steel balls both increased gradully as ball filling rate increased, but the initial void rate of grading steel balls were smaller than that of steel balls with one diameter. The Stratification phenomenon will occur after steel balls in grading scheme reached to the initial equilibrium sates, that is, Large steel balls moved near the mill’s center, but small steel balls moved away from the mill’s center and close to the cylinder of mill, which is benifical to improve grinding effeciency.

scholarly journals Conceptualizing resilience in health systems: results from 30 countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Karanikolos ◽  
A Maresso
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Governance Tools ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The analytical framework used in the 2019 EU Country Health Profiles defines resilience as “health systems' capacity to absorb disturbance created by changing environments, sudden shocks or crises, and to adapt and respond effectively with the provision of needed services”. These challenges can be driven by changes or shocks in supply (economic shocks, growing shortages in available resources, technological innovations) or demand (demographic changes, public health threats like the Covid-19 pandemic). The Profiles analyse relevant policy measures to assess whether countries are well prepared to face health system shocks and strains. Methods The framework distinguishes three dimensions of resilience: Ensuring long-term stability of resources: the capacity to protect or generate adequate financial, physical and human resources, as well as information necessary to address a variety of major challenges.Responding efficiently: the ability to manage the health system with limited resources, through achieving efficiencies, while not sacrificing key priorities, benefits, access or entitlements.Strengthening governance: the capacity to steer the system in order to adapt it quickly to new objectives and priorities and to respond to major challenges through key governance tools. The profiles use a harmonised approach to analyse the degree of resilience in each country across these three dimensions through a range of quantitative and qualitative indicators. Results A matrix clusters the findings from the 30 Country Profiles in 2019 (pre Covid-19 outbreak) and identifies common resilience-related challenges and risks facing EU Member States. The matrix also captures examples of countries that are successfully deploying resilience-building policy strategies. Conclusions The evidence shows that resilience is a necessary condition for health systems to mitigate the impact of adversities, as well as respond effectively to both foreseen and unforeseen challenges. Panelists Josep Figueras, Moderator, European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies Federico Pratellesi, DG SANTE, European Commission Guillaume Dedet, Health Division, OECD, Paris, France Anna Maresso, European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, University of Technology Berlin, Germany

scholarly journals Impact the Organizational downsizing in organizational health: Analytical research in the Directorate of Education in Nineveh

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (123) ◽  
pp. 42-52
Author(s):  
Sanaa Khdir Yousif ◽  
Alaa Abdulmawjood AL-Aa'ni ◽  
Ahmed Muyasser A. Jader
Keyword(s):  
Regression Line ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
Organizational Health ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Organizational Size ◽  
Organizational Downsizing ◽  
Analytical Research ◽  
Independent Variable

This research aims to determine the extent of the contribution of organizational downsizing strategies to enhance the health of the researched organization represented by the Directorate of Education in Nineveh, and to achieve this goal, the study provided a simplified intellectual framework for the most important topics covered by writers and researchers for search variables, reinforced by an applied analytical framework for the opinions of (79) individuals responsible for the researched organization. The research adopted organizational downsizing as an independent variable that includes three dimensions represented by (reduction of human resources, job redesign, systemic strategy), while the organizational health represented the variable adopted in the research. The study used the questionnaire as the main tool for collecting data from the practical side of the research, and some statistical treatments were carried out for the data through the use of statistical methods represented by measures of central tendency, correlation coefficients and regression line equation in order to test the hypotheses adopted by the research which expressed the presence of a significant effect between organizational leanness and organizational health. What explains to us is that what shows us that relying on reducing the organizational size through one of its strategies contributes to improving the level of organizational health in the field studied.  

scholarly journals Discoverability: Toward a Definition of Content Discovery Through Platforms

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 205630511881918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fenwick McKelvey ◽  
Robert Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Platform Governance ◽  
Content Discovery ◽  
Streaming Services ◽  
Online Stores ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Media Power

Discoverability is a concept of growing use in digital cultural policy, but it lacks a clear and comprehensive definition. Typically, discoverability is narrowly defined as a problem for content creators to find an audience given an abundance of choice. This view misses the important ways that apps, online stores, streaming services, and other platforms coordinate the experiences of content discovery. In this article, we propose an analytical framework for studying the dynamic and personalized processes of content discovery on platforms. Discoverability is a kind of media power constituted by content discovery platforms that coordinate users, content creators, and software to make content more or less engaging. Our framework highlights three dimensions of this process: the design and management of choice in platform interfaces (surrounds), the pathways users take to find content and the effects those choices have (vectors), and the resulting experiences these elements produce. Attention to these elements, we argue, can help researchers grapple with the challenging mutability and individualization of experience on content discovery platforms as well as provide a productive new way to consider content discovery as a matter of platform governance.

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