Vulnerability: Towards a Better Understanding of a Key Variable in the Genesis of Fear of Crime

1990 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Killias
Keyword(s):  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
International Review ◽  
Loss Of Control ◽  
Suggested Model ◽  
Considerable Support

Previous research on fear of crime has identified, among women and other sub-groups of the population, high fear levels which could not be adequately explained by measures of exposure to risk. Several authors have argued, therefore, that vulnerability may be the key variable behind the observed distribution of fear of crime. In this paper, three dimensions of vulnerability (exposure to risk, seriousness of consequences, loss of control) are identified and integrated into an analytical framework which also takes into account physical, social, and situational factors of vulnerability. A selective international review of research reveals considerable support for the suggested model.

The economies (and diseconomies) of distributed technologies

Kybernetes ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 767-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Barile ◽  
Cristina Simone ◽  
Mario Calabrese
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Integration ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Loss Of Control ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Organizational Perspective ◽  
Consistent Model ◽  
Adoption And Diffusion ◽  
The One ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Distributed Technologies

Purpose This paper aims to focus on distributed technologies with the aim of highlighting their economic-organizational dimensions. In particular, the contribution first presents a deeper understanding of the nature and the dynamics of the economies and diseconomies that arise from the adoption and diffusion of distributed technologies. Second, it aims to shed light on the increasing tension between the hierarchy-based model of production and peer-to-peer (p2p) production, which involves the pervasive diffusion of distributed technologies. Design/methodology/approach Adopting an economic-organizational perspective, which is deeply rooted in the related extant literature, an analytically consistent model is developed to simultaneously take into account the following variables: adoption density independent variable) and economies of knowledge integration and organizational diseconomies (the costs of a loss of control and the costs of organizational decoupling and recoupling) as dependent variables. Findings Distributed technologies allow access to a large quantity and a wide variety of cognitive slacks that have not been possible until now. In doing so, they are leading the transition towards p2p. This is an emerging production paradigm that is characterized – with respect to mass production – by a shift in the relative importance of cognitive slack in comparison with tangible slack. Nevertheless, the unrestrainable diffusion of distributed technologies is not neutral for organizations. On the one hand, these technologies allow for the integration of economies of knowledge, and on the other hand, they involve organizational diseconomies that should not be ignored by managers and researchers. Originality/value This paper fills a gap in the literature by developing a consistent analytical framework that simultaneously takes into account the economies of knowledge integration and potential organizational diseconomies (the costs of coordination and the loss of control) that arise from the adoption and diffusion of distributed technologies.

scholarly journals Conceptualizing resilience in health systems: results from 30 countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Karanikolos ◽  
A Maresso
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Governance Tools ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The analytical framework used in the 2019 EU Country Health Profiles defines resilience as “health systems' capacity to absorb disturbance created by changing environments, sudden shocks or crises, and to adapt and respond effectively with the provision of needed services”. These challenges can be driven by changes or shocks in supply (economic shocks, growing shortages in available resources, technological innovations) or demand (demographic changes, public health threats like the Covid-19 pandemic). The Profiles analyse relevant policy measures to assess whether countries are well prepared to face health system shocks and strains. Methods The framework distinguishes three dimensions of resilience: Ensuring long-term stability of resources: the capacity to protect or generate adequate financial, physical and human resources, as well as information necessary to address a variety of major challenges.Responding efficiently: the ability to manage the health system with limited resources, through achieving efficiencies, while not sacrificing key priorities, benefits, access or entitlements.Strengthening governance: the capacity to steer the system in order to adapt it quickly to new objectives and priorities and to respond to major challenges through key governance tools. The profiles use a harmonised approach to analyse the degree of resilience in each country across these three dimensions through a range of quantitative and qualitative indicators. Results A matrix clusters the findings from the 30 Country Profiles in 2019 (pre Covid-19 outbreak) and identifies common resilience-related challenges and risks facing EU Member States. The matrix also captures examples of countries that are successfully deploying resilience-building policy strategies. Conclusions The evidence shows that resilience is a necessary condition for health systems to mitigate the impact of adversities, as well as respond effectively to both foreseen and unforeseen challenges. Panelists Josep Figueras, Moderator, European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies Federico Pratellesi, DG SANTE, European Commission Guillaume Dedet, Health Division, OECD, Paris, France Anna Maresso, European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, University of Technology Berlin, Germany

scholarly journals Impact the Organizational downsizing in organizational health: Analytical research in the Directorate of Education in Nineveh

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (123) ◽  
pp. 42-52
Author(s):  
Sanaa Khdir Yousif ◽  
Alaa Abdulmawjood AL-Aa'ni ◽  
Ahmed Muyasser A. Jader
Keyword(s):  
Regression Line ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
Organizational Health ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Organizational Size ◽  
Organizational Downsizing ◽  
Analytical Research ◽  
Independent Variable

This research aims to determine the extent of the contribution of organizational downsizing strategies to enhance the health of the researched organization represented by the Directorate of Education in Nineveh, and to achieve this goal, the study provided a simplified intellectual framework for the most important topics covered by writers and researchers for search variables, reinforced by an applied analytical framework for the opinions of (79) individuals responsible for the researched organization. The research adopted organizational downsizing as an independent variable that includes three dimensions represented by (reduction of human resources, job redesign, systemic strategy), while the organizational health represented the variable adopted in the research. The study used the questionnaire as the main tool for collecting data from the practical side of the research, and some statistical treatments were carried out for the data through the use of statistical methods represented by measures of central tendency, correlation coefficients and regression line equation in order to test the hypotheses adopted by the research which expressed the presence of a significant effect between organizational leanness and organizational health. What explains to us is that what shows us that relying on reducing the organizational size through one of its strategies contributes to improving the level of organizational health in the field studied.  

scholarly journals Discoverability: Toward a Definition of Content Discovery Through Platforms

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 205630511881918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fenwick McKelvey ◽  
Robert Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Platform Governance ◽  
Content Discovery ◽  
Streaming Services ◽  
Online Stores ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Media Power

Discoverability is a concept of growing use in digital cultural policy, but it lacks a clear and comprehensive definition. Typically, discoverability is narrowly defined as a problem for content creators to find an audience given an abundance of choice. This view misses the important ways that apps, online stores, streaming services, and other platforms coordinate the experiences of content discovery. In this article, we propose an analytical framework for studying the dynamic and personalized processes of content discovery on platforms. Discoverability is a kind of media power constituted by content discovery platforms that coordinate users, content creators, and software to make content more or less engaging. Our framework highlights three dimensions of this process: the design and management of choice in platform interfaces (surrounds), the pathways users take to find content and the effects those choices have (vectors), and the resulting experiences these elements produce. Attention to these elements, we argue, can help researchers grapple with the challenging mutability and individualization of experience on content discovery platforms as well as provide a productive new way to consider content discovery as a matter of platform governance.

Competitive/comparative governance mechanisms beyond marketization: A refined concept of competition in education governance research

2020 ◽  
pp. 147490412095892
Author(s):  
Miriam Madsen
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Western World ◽  
Educational Governance ◽  
Managerial Decision ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Education Governance ◽  
Relevant Term ◽  
European Education ◽  
State Models

Much contemporary scholarship claims that competition has become a key characteristic of educational governance, and that competition occurs in educational governance as a consequence of the comparative turn in education. This article problematizes the widespread application of the concept of competition as a relevant term across (seemingly) all governance contexts, and seeks to overcome this problem by theorizing competition as an entangled phenomenon that takes on a different ontology according to the specific situations in which it occurs. This theorization highlights three dimensions of competition that may affect its ontology: the field of contestants, the rules of the game, and the competition objective. The result is an analytical framework that makes the concept of competition sensitive to different governance contexts across Europe and the Western world, including those with strong remnants of universalistic welfare state models. The analytical framework allows for a distinction between market-based competition and competition as a governance instrument that mediates managerial decision-making in which the contestants fight to avoid top-down reform rather than fighting against their peers. The analytical framework implies that we cannot characterize all European education systems as governed through competition-based mechanisms without caution and further specification.

scholarly journals Transformative Urban Living Labs: Towards a Circular Economy in Amsterdam and Turin

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7651
Author(s):  
Federico Cuomo ◽  
Stefania Ravazzi ◽  
Federico Savini ◽  
Luca Bertolini
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Critical Perspective ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Urban Living ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Systemic Impact ◽  
Living Labs ◽  
Over Time

The circular economy is becoming a field of experimentation to trigger site-specific laboratories oriented towards connecting material flows and citizens’ practices. Despite their wide use, a critical perspective of the transformative paths of these Urban Living Labs (ULLs) is still missing. This paper compares the paths followed by two such experiments, one in Amsterdam (The Netherlands) and the other in Turin (Italy). To this end, we build an analytical framework that targets three dimensions: unconventionality, autonomy, and systemic impact on policies. We conclude that ULLs can take very different transformation paths over time due to a wide range of enablers and barriers. In Amsterdam there has been an assimilation in the neighbourhood as well as a transformative effect on an urban scale; while the case of Turin has turned out to be potentially transformative but also at risk of marginalization.

Organizing product recovery in industrial networks

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 260-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Insanic ◽  
Lars-Erik Gadde
Keyword(s):  
Information Exchange ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Product Recovery ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Industrial Networks ◽  
Activity Chain

Purpose – Increasing attention to sustainability has made product recovery issues increasingly significant. Although several studies portray product recovery arrangements as networks, these constellations have not been analyzed with network models. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the organizing of product recovery networks. Design/methodology/approach – Previous research highlighted the need for a holistic perspective on product recovery. Industrial network theory provides such a framework, based on three dimensions of business reality: activities, resources and actors. The research method applied is a qualitative case study approach of product recovery in the PC industry. Findings – The most significant issues in the organizing of product recovery concern the coordination of interdependent activities and the combining of physical and organizational resources. Effective organizing is contingent on interaction and information exchange among firms. Furthermore, the sorting rules applied in the product recovery process are crucial for the performance in the activity chain from disposer to end-user. Research limitations/implications – The study deals with product recovery of PCs, and needs to be supplemented with research in other empirical contexts. Practical implications – The study offers companies broader perspective on their product recovery operations by illustrating how they are related to a wider network. Originality/value – The study applies a novel perspective on product recovery. The analytical framework and the qualitative approach complement mainstream approaches.

scholarly journals Dynamic Authenticity: Understanding and Conserving Mosuo Dwellings in China in Transitions

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Huichao Feng ◽  
Jieling Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Vernacular Architecture ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Photo Elicitation ◽  
Architectural Elements ◽  
Values And Beliefs ◽  
Building Culture ◽  
Photographic Survey ◽  
The Impact

Mosuo dwellings are distinctive vernacular architecture forms that are shaped by the unique matriarchal society of Mosuo in Southwest China. They have undergone dramatic transformations during the 21st century as a result of modernization and tourism. There is a lack of theoretical and empirical studies regarding the impact on the authenticity. This paper aims to fill this gap and develops a theoretical framework—cultural architectural assets—to understand and interpret the transitions of Mosuo dwellings and their authenticity in transitions. Adopting an anthropological methodology approach, this article examines the changes and continuities of Mosuo dwellings during the last thirty years. Fieldwork was conducted in nine Mosuo villages in Yongning Township through a range of qualitative methods, including participatory observations, photographic survey and photo elicitation interviews. The investigation results revealed cultural-architectural elements that are continued in the transitions include the courtyard form, the sacred chamber and the grandmother’s house; cultural-architectural elements that are changing include the flower house and grass house; cultural-architectural elements that are disappearing include the back room (Dupan) and the upper hearth in the grandmother’s house as well as the wooden shingle roof. As a result, the study constructs a conservation approach for sustainable development in three dimensions: living culture, building culture and values and beliefs. This analytical framework can be adapted to be applied to different contexts as a sustainable approach for the conservation and development of vernacular architecture in transitions.

scholarly journals MAPPING FEAR OF CRIME THROUGH SOCIAL NETWORK MODEL

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-150
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Network Model ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Control Mechanism ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Private And Public

The present study analyzes fear of crime through social network model. The social network model is delimited to three dimensions i.e., private social network (PrSN), parochial social network (PaSN), and public social network (PbSN). The association and contribution of each of the dimension is estimated through binary logistic regression. Data for the study is collected from 298 out of 1186 employees and students of the Main Campus of Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan. Findings of the study show that the three dimensions are inversely related to the fear of crime. It means that improvement in private, parochial, and public social networks reduces fear of crime. Further, it is observed that private and public social networks are contributing more than parochial social network in reducing fear of crime in Pakhtun society of district Mardan. Thus, it is inferred that social networks through the development of a sense of empowerment among the members decrease fear of crime. Stronger social networks act as a social control mechanism and reduce the likelihood of the occurrence of deviant, and/or criminal behavior in a society

scholarly journals Sport in the time of transformation in Poland. Gdańsk case study

2020 ◽  
pp. 101-120
Author(s):  
Dobrosław Mańkowski
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Political Transformation ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Sports Club ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The World

Various areas of social and economic life and their changes during the political transformation after 1989 have been studied and analyzed by Polish sociologists. It seems that one of the areas that has been left out and which constitutes a terra incognita is the world of sport.  As in other areas, individual and collective social actors who organized, managed or participated in the world of sport had to come to terms with the new social, economic and political order. That is why the transformation seen through their eyes and what they did, their motivations and ways of coping with changes are interesting and broaden our knowledge about the transformation period.  In the article, I present a fragment of my own research on the course and effects of political transformation, based on the example of a multi-sectional Workers’ Sports Club Stoczniowiec Gdańsk (currently GKS Stoczniowiec Gdańsk). I was interested in the struggles of people who organized sport, which they had to face in the period of transformation. I was interested in how they experienced the clash with the emerging new social order. What strategies they adopted in their organizational activities and their practices during the transformation. The case study is treated as a field study and a conceptual pilot study which is a starting point for further exploration. I used two methods: desk research (among others, press articles, club information, official data, statistical data were collected) and in-depth interviews (IDI) with social actors operating in the sports club. The analytical framework for the study consists of three dimensions of transformation, namely the economic, political and legal, and social ones. The theoretical foundations, on the other hand, are the perspectives of new institutionalism, especially the theory of fields by Fligstein and McAdam and the concept of deinstitutionalization by Christine Oliver.

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