Substance Use and Interpersonal Violence: Exploring Potential Threats to Underrepresented Minority Students’ Academic Success

2020 ◽  
pp. 152102512091163
Author(s):  
Autumn Asher BlackDeer ◽  
David A. Patterson Silver Wolf ◽  
Sara Beeler-Stinn ◽  
Bonnie Duran
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Academic Success ◽  
Alaska Native ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Colleges And Universities ◽  
Underrepresented Minority ◽  
Grade Point

Background College dropout has been described as an epidemic, with underrepresented minority (URM) students having the highest dropout rates at colleges and universities. This study examines interpersonal violence and substance use as potential threats to the academic success of URM students. Methods This study is a secondary data analysis of the National College Health Assessment. Results Significant decreases for grade point average (GPA) in African American students were associated with physical violence and marijuana use. For Hispanic/Latinx students, physical violence, marijuana use, and methamphetamine use were significantly associated with decreases in GPA. American Indian, Alaska Native, or Native Hawaiian students’ decreases in GPA were significantly associated with marijuana use. Conclusions Results of the study indicated that substance use and interpersonal violence are associated with decreases in GPA for various groups of URM. These findings are disconcerting and relay the importance for colleges and universities to undertake strategies to increase the retention of URM students.

Age, gender and work experience as predictors of success

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Fournier ◽  
Elizabeth M. Ineson
Keyword(s):  
Academic Success ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Hospitality Management ◽  
Student Sample ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gender And Work

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the predictive value of age, gender and work experience in relation to hospitality management (HM) academic success, as measured by year one leadership programme (LP) achievement and cumulative grade point average (CGPA). The association between LP and CGPA success and internship performance is also evaluated. Design/methodology/approach – The sample comprised 349 international undergraduate HM students. Secondary data were compiled and analysed using SPSS. Eight hypotheses, developed from the literature were tested using χ2, t-tests and Kruskal-Wallis tests as appropriate. Findings – Although age was not a predictor of success, males significantly outperformed females. Pre-programme work experience was not a predictor of LP performance but length of paid work experience and supervisory work experience were linked significantly to mean CGPA. LP achievement was positively associated with CGPA and with successful internship completion. Research limitations/implications – Although the student sample was international and spanned three cohorts, the data collection was limited to one institution. Practical implications – Pre-programme work experience, in particular supervisory experience, and the incorporation of management competency-linked LPs into first-year HM curricula are recommended. Originality/value – The paper contributes to the under-researched predictive value of age, gender and pre-programme work experience in relation to HM academic performance, in particular in an LP context. An additional innovative finding is the positive association between LP achievement and success in HM professional practice.

scholarly journals The Association Between Interpersonal Violence and Unstable Housing Among Veterans

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita S Hargrave ◽  
Leigh Kimberg ◽  
Edward L Machtinger ◽  
Margot B Kushel ◽  
Beth E Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Unstable Housing ◽  
Explanatory Factors ◽  
Physical Attack ◽  
Adjusted Model ◽  
Age And Sex

ABSTRACT Background Despite programs to address housing for Veterans, they continue to be at high risk of unstable housing. Interpersonal violence is also highly prevalent among Veterans and may contribute to unstable housing. Our study aimed to determine whether interpersonal violence was associated with unstable housing among Veterans, and how this association was influenced by common co-occurring conditions such as substance use and mental illness. Methods Veterans in the Mind Your Heart Study (N = 741) completed survey data on history of interpersonal violence and access to housing in the prior year. Interpersonal violence was defined as experiencing sexual violence, physical violence, or mugging/physical attack using the Brief Trauma Questionnaire. Multivariable models examined associations between interpersonal violence and unstable housing. Primary models were adjusted for age and sex. Potential explanatory factors were added in subsequent models, including marital status, education, income, substance use disorder, PTSD, and other mental illness. Results Veterans who had experienced interpersonal violence had almost twice the odds of unstable housing after adjustment for age and sex (AOR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2–3.0). This association was attenuated in the fully adjusted model including substance use, PTSD, and other mental illness, illustrating the interdependence of these factors (AOR 1.5, 95% CI 0.91–2.5). Subtypes of interpersonal violence were individually associated with increased odds of unstable housing after adjustment for age and sex (physical abuse AOR 1.7, 95% CI 1.2–2.5; mugging/physical attack AOR 1.8, 95% CI 1.2–2.7; sexual violence AOR 1.4, 95% CI 0.89–2.2), but were no longer significant in the fully adjusted model. Conclusions Previous experiences of interpersonal violence were associated with unstable housing among Veterans. Substance use, PTSD, and other mental illness played an important role in this relationship—highlighting the potential to improve health outcomes through trauma informed approaches that address mental health, substance use, and housing concurrently.

scholarly journals Strengths-based Indicators of Success in Hispanic Undergraduates

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gretchen Schulthes ◽  
Cass Dykeman
Keyword(s):  
Academic Success ◽  
Hispanic Students ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sat Scores ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
Education Professionals ◽  
Hispanic Student Achievement ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

By the year 2026, it is estimated that Hispanic students will make up the largest share of undergraduates enrolled in American colleges and universities. Despite increases in enrollment, this population is also one of the least likely to earn an eventual credential. Factors such as pre-college preparedness (e.g., SAT scores or high school grade point averages) and socioeconomic barriers are often cited as explanations for this attainment and persistence gap. In seeking to understand this issue, it is essential to go beyond the deficit-oriented conversation and instead shift the emphasis toward how higher education professionals can leverage students’ strengths in supporting their academic success. It is essential to delve into the factors that impact Hispanic student achievement. Using data from the Beginning Postsecondary Students (BPS) study 12/14, this secondary data analysis study explores the impact of strengths-based variables such as highest credential expected, perceived likelihood of attaining a credential, level of connectedness with their institution, and gender on Hispanic students’ outcomes with regard to credential attainment and/or persistence. Results showed that while gender and level of connectedness held no significant predictive value, students’ academic self-efficacy (perceived likelihood of attaining a credential) and goal-setting (highest credential expected) did have an impact on three-year persistence and graduation rates. Implications for practice and recommendations for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Mapping interpersonal violence against women in the District of Nias, 2009-2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Mita Yesyca ◽  
Formas Juitan Lase ◽  
Nenny Anggraini
Keyword(s):  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Feminist Perspective ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Interview Methods ◽  
Local Leaders

The research is about mapping interpersonal violence against women in the Nias District, North Sumatera. The patriarchal culture which has a hold in the area has significant effects on women. Using a social mapping approach and a feminist perspective, data in this research were collected through literature study, i.e. reports of service provider institutions on violence cases in Nias District, as well as observation and interview methods with local leaders in its ten sub-districts. The feminist perspective is useful to give voice to the unheard” female actors in a patriarchal society. Findings based on secondary data show that cases of violence in the Nias District from 2009-2016 fluctuated, with a total of 116 cases. The most frequent cases of violence experienced by women are physical violence, as many as 76 cases, sexual violence 31 cases, psychological violence eight cases and economic violence one case. The data collected from the interview and observation are 180 cases. The overall data show that physical violence occupies the highest number (secondary data 65.51% and primary data 53.88%) in the form of a beating received by the wife (domestic violence). The character of women’s vulnerability to violence varies ineach sub-district and is highly dependent on regional geographic-economic conditions. Therefore, the approach to the resolution of violence in each sub-district may vary. As a conclusion, the practice of violence against women in the Nias District is like an iceberg phenomenon that still needs to be followed up. The research also shows the potential of related institutions partnership, especially encouraged by churches, to end practices of interpersonal violence against women in the Nias District.

scholarly journals Trajectories of victimization to violence among incarcerated women

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Preeta Saxena ◽  
Nena Messina
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Incarcerated Women ◽  
Childhood Victimization ◽  
Multiple Forms ◽  
Women's Lives ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Limited research has focused on the trajectories of victimization to violence in women’s lives. Furthermore, literature assessing women’s use of violence has primarily focused on adult risk factors (e.g., substance use and criminal histories). Drawing from the pathway’s framework, we explored the impact of multiple forms of childhood victimization and subsequent harmful behaviors on adult-perpetrated violence among women convicted of violent or serious crimes. Methods This secondary data analysis included a sample of 1118 incarcerated women from two prisons. Based on prior literature outlining the lifelong negative impact of childhood victimization, we hypothesized that cumulatively, occurrence of abuses, arrest as a minor, number of lifetime arrests, and poly-substance use prior to incarceration, would increase the likelihood of perpetration of multiple forms of violence. GEE regression models were used to examine the relationship between the predictors and adult perpetration of intimidation and physical violence. Results Experiences with childhood victimization, early (under age 18) and ongoing criminal justice involvement, and substance use significantly increased the likelihood of adult perpetration of violence, regardless of the type of violence measured (intimidation or physical violence). Conclusion Given the documented high prevalence of childhood trauma and abuse among justice-involved women, findings from this study can be used to promote the implementation of trauma-specific treatment for at-risk juvenile girls, whose trajectories of violence might be mitigated.

Prediction of Successful College Academic Performance from Measures of Body-Cathexis, Self-Cathexis, and Anxiety

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 431-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
William F. White ◽  
James A. Wash
Keyword(s):  
Academic Success ◽  
Grade Point Average ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Educational Psychology ◽  
The Body ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Body Cathexis ◽  
Senior Students ◽  
College Academic Success

Measures of body-cathexis, self-cathexis, and anxiety were administered to 74 junior and senior students in educational psychology The body and self tended to be cathected to the same degree, and anxiety was highly correlated with both cathexes. Correlations with grade-point average were nonsignificant. Thus, values placed on body and self tended to be commensurate but lack predictive validity for college academic success.

scholarly journals Sensitive periods for the effect of childhood interpersonal violence on psychiatric disorder onset among adolescents

2017 ◽  
Vol 211 (6) ◽  
pp. 365-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin C. Dunn ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Jenny Tse ◽  
Katie A. McLaughlin ◽  
Garrett Fitzmaurice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Elevated Risk ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sensitive Periods

BackgroundAlthough childhood adversity is a strong determinant of psychopathology, it remains unclear whether there are ‘sensitive periods’ when a first episode of adversity is most harmful.AimsTo examine whether variation in the developmental timing of a first episode of interpersonal violence (up to age 18) associates with risk for psychopathology.MethodUsing cross-sectional data, we examined the association between age at first exposure to four types of interpersonal violence (physical abuse by parents, physical abuse by others, rape, and sexual assault/molestation) and onset of four classes of DSM-IV disorders (distress, fear, behaviour, substance use) (n=9984). Age at exposure was defined as: early childhood (ages 0–5), middle childhood (ages 6–10) and adolescence (ages 11–18).ResultsExposure to interpersonal violence at any age period about doubled the risk of a psychiatric disorder (odds ratios (ORs) = 1.51–2.52). However, few differences in risk were observed based on the timing of first exposure. After conducting 20 tests of association, only three significant differences in risk were observed based on the timing of exposure; these results suggested an elevated risk of behaviour disorder among youth first exposed to any type of interpersonal violence during adolescence (OR = 2.37, 95% CI 1.69–3.34), especially being beaten by another person (OR = 2.44; 95% CI 1.57–3.79), and an elevated risk of substance use disorder among youth beaten by someone during adolescence (OR=2.77, 95% CI 1.94–3.96).ConclusionsChildren exposed to interpersonal violence had an elevated risk of psychiatric disorder. However, age at first episode of exposure was largely unassociated with psychopathology risk.

A longitudinal study at an English medium instruction university in Turkey: the interplay between English language improvement and academic success

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Doğan Yuksel ◽  
Adem Soruç ◽  
Mehmet Altay ◽  
Samantha Curle
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Academic Success ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
English Language ◽  
English Language Proficiency ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
Content Learning ◽  
English Medium Instruction ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Academic Content

Abstract This article reports a quantitative empirical study that investigated whether English language proficiency increases over time when studying academic content through English Medium Instruction (EMI). It was also investigated whether an increase in proficiency predicts EMI academic achievement. Student English language test score data and Grade Point Average (GPA) data were collected from a public university in Turkey. Two academic subjects were compared: Business Administration (a Social Science subject, n = 81) and Mechatronics Engineering (a Mathematics, Physical and Life Sciences subject, n = 84). Results showed that in both subjects, English language proficiency statistically significantly improved over a four-year period of studying through English. Furthermore, this improvement predicted EMI academic achievement; meaning that the more proficient students became in English, the higher they achieved in their EMI academic studies. This provides evidence for policymakers, EMI practitioners, and language professionals around the world that English does improve when studying academic content through English, and that this improvement has a positive effect on content learning outcomes. Implications of these findings, and suggestions for further research are discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document