Implementation of CDC Guidelines for Recess: A Formative Research Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 152483992110367
Author(s):  
Shazeen Suleman ◽  
Gabriela Calderon Velazquez ◽  
Tania Haag ◽  
Ryan Connor ◽  
Beth Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Research Study ◽  
School Administrators ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
Formative Research ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Classroom Activities ◽  
Cdc Guidelines ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Health And Development

The American Academy of Pediatrics recognizes recess as an essential part of overall child development in schools, impacting children’s cognitive, socioemotional and physical health and development. However, recess is often removed from the school curriculum in exchange for more classroom activities. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and SHAPE America developed Strategies for Recess in Schools to promote high-quality recess through specific actions, yet is not known how these are successfully implemented, particularly, in underserved settings. This formative research study examined the implementation of the CDC strategy in an urban, inner-city charter elementary school to identify barriers and facilitators to successful recess implementation from the perspective of various stakeholders. Thirteen in-depth interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with parents, teachers, recess monitors, and school administrators. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded for thematic analysis, supported by group discussion and analytic memos. Results suggested that although stakeholders recognized the importance of recess, the implementation of the CDC strategy was neither uniformly understood nor implemented, suggesting that additional frameworks may be helpful in implementing the CDC strategy in schools in underserved communities.

scholarly journals The Effect of Using Small Group Discussions Through Zoom Breakout Room to Increase the Frequency of Individual Speaking Participation in the Speaking Courses

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
Lulu Zahrotun Nisa ◽  
Taqiya Nabila Prameswari ◽  
Yayah Izzah Alawiyah
Keyword(s):  
Small Group ◽  
Video Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Active Participation ◽  
Small Group Discussion ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Perceptions Of Students ◽  
Small Group Discussions

The purpose of this study is to determine whether the small group discussion method via breakout room zoom may boost student individual engagement in order for them to be more active and confident in learning speaking. This research study used a qualitative method with applied video analysis and questioners' perceptions of students as instruments. The findings found 17 active participants in the observation speaking class and 35 participants preferred small group discussions using the breakout room zoom application, with the majority preferring small group discussions because it helped them to be more active and confident. This method can also boost their confidence for more active participation for individual speaking in class, and they believe that small group discussions via breakout room zoom are the most effective way to deal with a pandemic.

Fostering climate change consensus: The role of intimacy in group discussions

2021 ◽  
pp. 096366252110206
Author(s):  
Lyn M. van Swol ◽  
Emma Frances Bloomfield ◽  
Chen-Ting Chang ◽  
Stephanie Willes
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Group Consensus ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Group Attraction ◽  
Climate Change Information ◽  
To Come ◽  
Collective Engagement

This study examined if creating intimacy in a group discussion is more effective toward reaching consensus about climate change than a focus on information. Participants were randomly assigned to either a group that spent the first part of an online discussion engaging in self-disclosure and focusing on shared values (intimacy condition) or discussing information from an article about climate change (information condition). Afterward, all groups were given the same instructions to try to come to group consensus on their opinions about climate change. Participants in the intimacy condition had higher ratings of social cohesion, group attraction, task interdependence, and collective engagement and lower ratings of ostracism than the information condition. Intimacy groups were more likely to reach consensus, with ostracism and the emotional tone of discussion mediating this effect. Participants were more likely to change their opinion to reflect that climate change is real in the intimacy than information condition.

Equal Performance, Different Grade: Women’s Performance in Discussion Perceived Worse Than Men’s

2021 ◽  
pp. 014616722199221
Author(s):  
Angela R. Dorrough ◽  
Monika Leszczyńska ◽  
Sandra Werner ◽  
Lovis Schaeffer ◽  
Anna-Sophie Galley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Group Discussion ◽  
Selection Procedure ◽  
Similar Degree ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Female Performance ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Hidden Profile ◽  
Perceived Helpfulness

We investigate how men and women are evaluated in group discussions. In five studies ( N = 761) using a variant of a Hidden Profile Task, we find that, when experimentally and/or statistically controlling for actual gender differences in behavior, the female performance in a group discussion is devalued in comparison to male performance. This was observed for fellow group members (Study 1) and outside observers (Studies 2–5), in both primarily student (Studies 1, 4, and 5) and mixed samples (Studies 2 and 3), for different measures of performance (perceived helpfulness of the contribution, for work-related competence), across different discussion formats (preformulated chat messages, open chat), and when controlling for the number of female group members (Study 5). In contrast to our hypothesis, we did not find a moderating effect of selection procedure in that women were devalued to a similar degree in both situations with a women’s quota and without.

scholarly journals Stethoscope hygiene: A call to action. Recommendations to update the CDC guidelines

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Sarathi Kalra ◽  
Alpesh Amin ◽  
Nancy Albert ◽  
Cindy Cadwell ◽  
Cole Edmonson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Patient Encounter ◽  
Call To Action ◽  
The Us ◽  
Cdc Guidelines ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Healthcare Acquired Infections ◽  
Current Guidance ◽  
Tremendous Challenge

Abstract Healthcare-acquired infections are a tremendous challenge to the US medical system. Stethoscopes touch many patients, but current guidance from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention does not support disinfection between each patient. Stethoscopes are rarely disinfected between patients by healthcare providers. When cultured, even after disinfection, stethoscopes have high rates of pathogen contamination, identical to that of unwashed hands. The consequence of these practices may bode poorly in the coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Alternatively, the CDC recommends the use of disposable stethoscopes. However, these instruments have poor acoustic properties, and misdiagnoses have been documented. They may also serve as pathogen vectors among staff sharing them. Disposable aseptic stethoscope diaphragm barriers can provide increased safety without sacrificing stethoscope function. We recommend that the CDC consider the research regarding stethoscope hygiene and effective solutions to contemporize this guidance and elevate stethoscope hygiene to that of the hands, by requiring stethoscope disinfection or change of disposable barrier between every patient encounter.

scholarly journals Barriers for kangaroo mother care (KMC) acceptance, and practices in southern Ethiopia: a model for scaling up uptake and adherence using qualitative study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Selamawit Mengesha Bilal ◽  
Henok Tadele ◽  
Teshome Abuka Abebo ◽  
Birkneh Tilahun Tadesse ◽  
Mekonnen Muleta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Study ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Formative Research ◽  
Kangaroo Mother Care ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Implementation Model ◽  
Health Service Providers

Abstract Background Globally, approximately 15 million babies are born preterm every year. Complications of prematurity are the leading cause of under-five mortality. There is overwhelming evidence from low, middle, and high-income countries supporting kangaroo mother care (KMC) as an effective strategy to prevent mortality in both preterm and low birth weight (LBW) babies. However, implementation and scale-up of KMC remains a challenge, especially in lowincome countries such as Ethiopia. This formative research study, part of a broader KMC implementation project in Southern Ethiopia, aimed to identify the barriers to KMC implementation and to devise a refined model to deliver KMC across the facility to community continuum. Methods A formative research study was conducted in Southern Ethiopia using a qualitative explorative approach that involved both health service providers and community members. Twenty-fourin-depth interviewsand 14 focus group discussions were carried out with 144study participants. The study applied a grounded theory approach to identify,examine, analyse and extract emerging themes, and subsequently develop a model for KMC implementation. Results Barriers to KMC practice included gaps in KMC knowledge, attitude and practices among parents of preterm and LBW babies;socioeconomic, cultural and structural factors; thecommunity’s beliefs and valueswith respect to preterm and LBW babies;health professionals’ acceptance of KMC as well as their motivation to implement practices; and shortage of supplies in health facilities. Conclusions Our study suggests a comprehensive approach with systematic interventions and support at maternal, family, community, facility and health care provider levels. We propose an implementation model that addresses this community to facility continuum.

Group Discussion in a Blended Environment in Engineering Education

TEM Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 508-516
Author(s):  
Deepti Mishra ◽  
Gonca Gokce Menekse Dalveren ◽  
Frode S. Volden ◽  
Carly Grace Allen
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Education ◽  
Group Process ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Verbal Cues ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Seating Arrangement ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Group Members

Group work is a necessary element of engineering education and group members need information about one another, group process, shared attention and mutual understanding during group discussions. There are several important elements for establishing and maintaining a group discussion such as participant’s role, seating arrangement, verbal and non-verbal cues, eye gaze, gestures etc. The present study investigates these elements for identifying the behavior of group members in a blend of traditional face-to-face discussion along with computer supported cooperative work (CSCW) setting. The results of this study have shown that, speaking duration is the key factor for identifying the leadership in a group and participants mostly used eye gazes for turn taking. Although this study is a mix of face-to-face and CSCW discussion setting, participants mostly behave like faceto- face group discussion. However, unlike the previous studies involving face-to-face discussion, the relation between seating arrangement and amount of attention is not apparent from the data during this study.

Enhancing graduates’ employability through polytechnic–industry collaboration

2021 ◽  
pp. 095042222110631
Author(s):  
Innocent Otache
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
National Board ◽  
Job Requirements ◽  
Industry Collaboration ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
Practical Implications

The unemployability of many Nigerian graduates is somewhat attributable to the existing wide collaboration gap between Nigerian higher education institutions and industry. Against this backdrop, this study explores how Nigerian polytechnics and industry can collaborate to enhance graduates’ employability. Adopting a focus group discussion approach, three focus groups involving 20 people (eight polytechnic lecturers, six National Board for Technical Education officials and six industry executives) participated in the study. Content analysis of the focus group discussions revealed the need to involve industry experts in curriculum development and review to meet today’s job requirements in industry. The need to involve industry experts in teaching certain aspects of the curriculum was also highlighted. The findings further revealed the desirability of exposing students and lecturers to industrial work situations to equip them with workplace skills and experience. Additionally, the study found that a comprehensive collaboration policy framework, funding, commitment, mutual benefits and trust are required to achieve successful polytechnic–industry collaboration. This research demonstrates that effective collaboration between polytechnics and industry will help to improve the employability of graduates. The findings provide policy and practical implications for polytechnics, regulatory bodies, industry and government.

scholarly journals Discussion Support System for Intra-class Discussions and the Criteria for Group Making

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Ikuo Kitagaki
Keyword(s):  
Computer System ◽  
Support System ◽  
Cell Phone ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Class Discussions ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Group Information ◽  
The Given ◽  
Computerized System

A computerized system has been discussed. It assists group discussion done in a classroom in the way that, first, it presents a topic with the relevant choices, second, each student selects a choice and sends it to the server, third, the server determines the groups according to the choices and other information, forth, it sends to the students’ cell phone the group information with each choice, lastly, students actually make group according to the given information then start to discuss. Relating to the system, this paper describes the configuration of the proposed computer system, two aspects of group division(difference in learning and similarity in learning), the algorithm of the group division, and the execution process of actual group discussions, assisted by this system, about specific topics.

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