Equal Performance, Different Grade: Women’s Performance in Discussion Perceived Worse Than Men’s

2021 ◽  
pp. 014616722199221
Author(s):  
Angela R. Dorrough ◽  
Monika Leszczyńska ◽  
Sandra Werner ◽  
Lovis Schaeffer ◽  
Anna-Sophie Galley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Group Discussion ◽  
Selection Procedure ◽  
Similar Degree ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Female Performance ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Hidden Profile ◽  
Perceived Helpfulness

We investigate how men and women are evaluated in group discussions. In five studies ( N = 761) using a variant of a Hidden Profile Task, we find that, when experimentally and/or statistically controlling for actual gender differences in behavior, the female performance in a group discussion is devalued in comparison to male performance. This was observed for fellow group members (Study 1) and outside observers (Studies 2–5), in both primarily student (Studies 1, 4, and 5) and mixed samples (Studies 2 and 3), for different measures of performance (perceived helpfulness of the contribution, for work-related competence), across different discussion formats (preformulated chat messages, open chat), and when controlling for the number of female group members (Study 5). In contrast to our hypothesis, we did not find a moderating effect of selection procedure in that women were devalued to a similar degree in both situations with a women’s quota and without.

Group Discussion in a Blended Environment in Engineering Education

TEM Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 508-516
Author(s):  
Deepti Mishra ◽  
Gonca Gokce Menekse Dalveren ◽  
Frode S. Volden ◽  
Carly Grace Allen
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Education ◽  
Group Process ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Verbal Cues ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Seating Arrangement ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Group Members

Group work is a necessary element of engineering education and group members need information about one another, group process, shared attention and mutual understanding during group discussions. There are several important elements for establishing and maintaining a group discussion such as participant’s role, seating arrangement, verbal and non-verbal cues, eye gaze, gestures etc. The present study investigates these elements for identifying the behavior of group members in a blend of traditional face-to-face discussion along with computer supported cooperative work (CSCW) setting. The results of this study have shown that, speaking duration is the key factor for identifying the leadership in a group and participants mostly used eye gazes for turn taking. Although this study is a mix of face-to-face and CSCW discussion setting, participants mostly behave like faceto- face group discussion. However, unlike the previous studies involving face-to-face discussion, the relation between seating arrangement and amount of attention is not apparent from the data during this study.

scholarly journals Perspektif Baru Groupthink; Perbedaan Tingkat Pendidikan Dalam Proses Pengambilan Keputusan Kelompok

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
Marlinda Irwanti ◽  
Deddy Muharman
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Formal Group ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Interesting Point ◽  
Group Members ◽  
The Difference

This research is motivated by the phenomenon of groups of female who usually frequent and visible to see from even elementary schools until university. The interesting point of this research is, researchers interested in analyzing this phenomenon with questions, whether the difference in education level affects the decision-making process in the female group, adding the complexity of the pre-existing nature within the group members. This study uses interviews and focus group discussions to gather data that are expected to explain the above phenomena by using assumptions and symptoms of Groupthink theory itself. The results showed that there was no difference in the decision-making process of the different groups of the educational level, and other interesting findings that Groupthink does not occur in these groups. This happens because these groups did not shut down their point of view from outside influences, and also the absence of a formal group leader, and the persistence of high mutual understanding of his fellow group members.

Can Simple Group Heuristics Detect Hidden Profiles in Randomly Generated Environments?

2005 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torsten Reimer ◽  
Ulrich Hoffrage
Keyword(s):  
Group Discussion ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Individual Group ◽  
Take The Best ◽  
Sum Score ◽  
Exchange Information ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Hidden Profile ◽  
The Individual

Research on the hidden-profile effect ( Stasser, 1992 ) has revealed that groups often fail to detect the choice alternative with the highest sum score if the individual group members’ information points to another alternative. We conducted a simulation study in which we randomly generated distributions of information such that they did or did not contain a hidden profile. The simulated groups solved the tasks by applying a unit weight linear model or a fast and frugal heuristic (Minimalist or Take The Best). Overall, a communication-based lexicographic heuristic performed best across the different environments. This fast and frugal heuristic makes cue-wise comparisons of alternatives while pooling information during group discussion. Moreover, results show that performance depends on whether group members share and exchange information on valid or on invalid cues. Directions for future research are discussed.

Using the Theory of Planned Behavior to Predict Faking in Selection Exercises Varying in Fidelity

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Dürr ◽  
Ute-Christine Klehe
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽  
Planned Behavior ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Role Play ◽  
Selection Procedure ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
Selection Research ◽  
Play Group

Abstract. Faking has been a concern in selection research for many years. Many studies have examined faking in questionnaires while far less is known about faking in selection exercises with higher fidelity. This study applies the theory of planned behavior (TPB; Ajzen, 1991 ) to low- (interviews) and high-fidelity (role play, group discussion) exercises, testing whether the TPB predicts reported faking behavior. Data from a mock selection procedure suggests that candidates do report to fake in low- and high-fidelity exercises. Additionally, the TPB showed good predictive validity for faking in a low-fidelity exercise, yet not for faking in high-fidelity exercises.

Fostering climate change consensus: The role of intimacy in group discussions

2021 ◽  
pp. 096366252110206
Author(s):  
Lyn M. van Swol ◽  
Emma Frances Bloomfield ◽  
Chen-Ting Chang ◽  
Stephanie Willes
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Group Consensus ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Group Attraction ◽  
Climate Change Information ◽  
To Come ◽  
Collective Engagement

This study examined if creating intimacy in a group discussion is more effective toward reaching consensus about climate change than a focus on information. Participants were randomly assigned to either a group that spent the first part of an online discussion engaging in self-disclosure and focusing on shared values (intimacy condition) or discussing information from an article about climate change (information condition). Afterward, all groups were given the same instructions to try to come to group consensus on their opinions about climate change. Participants in the intimacy condition had higher ratings of social cohesion, group attraction, task interdependence, and collective engagement and lower ratings of ostracism than the information condition. Intimacy groups were more likely to reach consensus, with ostracism and the emotional tone of discussion mediating this effect. Participants were more likely to change their opinion to reflect that climate change is real in the intimacy than information condition.

scholarly journals Political Vigilante Groups in Ghana: Violence or Democracy?

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-338
Author(s):  
Justice Richard Kwabena Owusu Kyei ◽  
Lidewyde H. Berckmoes
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Governance ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Political Field ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Electoral Campaigns ◽  
The Social ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Organisational Structures ◽  
Depth Interviews

Literature on political vigilante groups has centred on the violence and conflict that emanate from their activities. This article approaches political vigilante groups as political actors who engage in political mobilisation and participation and therewith also contribute to nation state building. It explores how such groups participate in Ghana’s democratic governance and asks whether violence is an inevitable characteristic. The article builds on individual in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with political vigilante group members in Kumasi and Tamale in 2019. Findings show that political vigilante “youth” appeared to refer primarily to the social position attributed to non-elite groups in the political field. Political vigilante groups are multi-faceted in their organisational structures, membership, and activities both during electoral campaigns and during governing periods. While some groups revert to violence occasionally, the study concludes that political vigilante groups, in enabling different voices to be heard, are also contributing to democratic governance.

Enhancing graduates’ employability through polytechnic–industry collaboration

2021 ◽  
pp. 095042222110631
Author(s):  
Innocent Otache
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
National Board ◽  
Job Requirements ◽  
Industry Collaboration ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
Practical Implications

The unemployability of many Nigerian graduates is somewhat attributable to the existing wide collaboration gap between Nigerian higher education institutions and industry. Against this backdrop, this study explores how Nigerian polytechnics and industry can collaborate to enhance graduates’ employability. Adopting a focus group discussion approach, three focus groups involving 20 people (eight polytechnic lecturers, six National Board for Technical Education officials and six industry executives) participated in the study. Content analysis of the focus group discussions revealed the need to involve industry experts in curriculum development and review to meet today’s job requirements in industry. The need to involve industry experts in teaching certain aspects of the curriculum was also highlighted. The findings further revealed the desirability of exposing students and lecturers to industrial work situations to equip them with workplace skills and experience. Additionally, the study found that a comprehensive collaboration policy framework, funding, commitment, mutual benefits and trust are required to achieve successful polytechnic–industry collaboration. This research demonstrates that effective collaboration between polytechnics and industry will help to improve the employability of graduates. The findings provide policy and practical implications for polytechnics, regulatory bodies, industry and government.

scholarly journals Discussion Support System for Intra-class Discussions and the Criteria for Group Making

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Ikuo Kitagaki
Keyword(s):  
Computer System ◽  
Support System ◽  
Cell Phone ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Class Discussions ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Group Information ◽  
The Given ◽  
Computerized System

A computerized system has been discussed. It assists group discussion done in a classroom in the way that, first, it presents a topic with the relevant choices, second, each student selects a choice and sends it to the server, third, the server determines the groups according to the choices and other information, forth, it sends to the students’ cell phone the group information with each choice, lastly, students actually make group according to the given information then start to discuss. Relating to the system, this paper describes the configuration of the proposed computer system, two aspects of group division(difference in learning and similarity in learning), the algorithm of the group division, and the execution process of actual group discussions, assisted by this system, about specific topics.

scholarly journals Varying the Preparation Guide and Group Discussion in a Classroom Analysis of Interteaching

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine M Gayman ◽  
Stephanie T Jimenez
Keyword(s):  
Academic Success ◽  
Small Group ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Active Engagement ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Student Comprehension ◽  
Small Group Discussions ◽  
Frequent Testing ◽  
Psychology Course

Interteaching is a strategy that shifts the emphasis from passive student learning to active engagement through the use of preparation guides, small group discussions, clarifying lectures, and frequent testing. Several classroom studies have demonstrated that interteaching leads to better student comprehension and higher test scores. However, the specific strategies used in these studies vary slightly. The goal of the present study was to compare two different ways of implementing the preparation guide and group discussions to determine which method led to higher academic success. A group design was used in two sections of a psychology course over two semesters. One section experienced the standard interteaching method, where students completed the entire preparation guide prior to class and engaged in small group discussions during class. The second section was divided into two groups and each group was given half of the preparation guide to complete. Students, then, went through two rounds of group discussions: first, in a dyad with a member that completed the same portion of the preparation guide and then in a larger group with another dyad who completed the other portion of the preparation guide. Students in the second section scored more points on exam questions that came from their half of the preparation guide and they demonstrated less of a preference for interteaching than those who experienced the standard interteaching method. Results from this study indicate that instructors should have students read and complete the entire preparation guide to allow for more effective implementation of interteaching.

scholarly journals Strengthening Counter-Radicalism Through Santri Discussion Group

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-114
Author(s):  
Rindha Widyaningsih ◽  
Kuntarto ◽  
Muhamad Riza Chamadi
Keyword(s):  
Community Service ◽  
Community Education ◽  
Soft Skills ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
Educational Material ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
The Third ◽  
Analytical Skills ◽  
Hard Skills

The santri group discussion aims to strengthen the character of Pancasila and the santri knowledge about issues of radicalism and terrorism in order to avoid the radicalism ideology. The activity was held at the Darul Abror Purwokerto Islamic Boarding School with 50 participants. The community service method uses a combination of community education methods and group discussions. The activity was carried out in three sessions: providing educational material, in-group discussions, and inter-group discussions. In the first session, the method provides in-depth material on radicalism and Pancasila by the community service team. The method at the second session is in-group discussion. The second session's point was to improve the participants analytical skills in responding to radicalism and Pancasila issues. The method in the third session is inter-group discussion. The santri group discussion showed that the students in Darul Abror had increased knowledge about radicalism and terrorism and developed the character of Pancasila to prevent the threat of radicalism. Students sharpen hard skills through discussion activities in practice identification and analysis of problems and problem-solving. The development of participants' soft skills is a sense of respect for other people's opinions, tolerance, and culture of deliberation.

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