Curcumin Nanoparticles Improved Diabetic Wounds Infected With Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Sensitized With HAMLET

2020 ◽  
pp. 153473462093307
Author(s):  
Saeed Taghavifar ◽  
Fatemeh Afroughi ◽  
Maryam Saadati Keyvan
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Topical Application ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Sterile Saline ◽  
Curcumin Nanoparticles ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Infected Wounds ◽  
Diabetic Wounds

Accurately orchestrated course of events normally observed in healing are not followed in diabetic wounds, and bacterial colonization/infection further messes up the process. Novel therapeutic options for treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus are urgently needed. HAMLET (human α-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells) has been reported to be able to sensitize bacterial pathogens to traditional antimicrobial agents. The aim was to assess the wound healing activity of curcumin nanoparticles in diabetic wounds infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) sensitized with HAMLET. Fifty male rats were randomized into 5 groups of 10 animals each. In CONTROL group, 0.1-mL sterile saline 0.9% solution was added to the wounds with no infection. In MRSA group, the wounds were infected with MRSA and only treated with 0.1-mL sterile saline 0.9% solution. In MRSA/HAMLET group, infected wounds were treated with HAMLET (100 µg). In MRSA/CNP group, animals with infected wounds were treated with 0.1 mL topical application of 1 mg/mL curcumin nanoparticles. In MRSA/CNP/HAMLET group, animals with infected wounds were treated with topical application of 0.1 mL solution of curcumin nanoparticles (1 mg/mL) and HAMLET (100 µg). All test formulations were applied for 10 days, twice a day, starting from first treatment. Microbiological examination; planimetric, biochemical, histological, and quantitative morphometric studies; immunohistochemical staining for angiogenesis; determination of hydroxyproline levels; and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for caspase 3, Bcl-2, and p53 showed that there was significant difference between animals in MRSA/CNP/HAMLET group compared with other groups ( P < .05). Curcumin nanoparticles improved diabetic wounds infected with MRSA sensitized with HAMLET and had the potential to offer more attention to this safer agent for topical use in infected diabetic wounds.

scholarly journals The basis of α-hemolysis Negative Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Isolates from Beijing Children’s Hospital

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijuan Wang ◽  
Chen Sun ◽  
Suyun Qian ◽  
Yingchao Liu ◽  
Kaihu Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Clonal Complex ◽  
Common Mutation ◽  
Rna Expression ◽  
Single Mutation ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Important Virulence Factor

Abstract Background. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Clonal Complex 59 (CC59) clone has spread among Chinese children, resulting in many Staphylococcus aureus infections. α-hemolysin (Hlα) is an important virulence factor of Staphylococcus aureus, but little research has been done on CC59 isolates with negative α-hemolysis. Results. During the 4 periods (2009-2011, 2012-2013, 2016, 2017), 291 MRSA isolates were collected. Isolates with β and δ hemolysis accounted for 60.47% among the MRSA isolates in 2009-2011; 56.41% in 2012-2013; 77.14% in 2016; and 56.25% in 2017. most ST59 isolates (94.38%), 9 ST338 isolates (100%) showed β and δ hemolysis, both ST59 and ST338 clone belong to CC59 clone. Twenty-two ST239 isolates (73.33%), 8 ST88 isolates (80%), 4 ST5 isolates (100%), 13 ST22 isolates (92.86%) and 6 ST398 isolates (85.71%) showed α and δ hemolysis. α hemolysin in most clinical isolates is highly conservative, each showed one amino acid locus variation, the most common mutation was threonine at position 275 instead of isoleucine, then glutamic acid replaced aspartic acid at 208. Seventeen ST59 and 2 ST338 isolates had no mutation, 3 ST59 isolates showed single mutation (C448G), and only one ST59 isolate showed multilocus mutation. Other ST typing, such as ST1, ST5, ST88, ST20, ST239 and ST398, all had multilocus mutations, sites were from 3 to 8, no conservative sequence was found among isolates with the same ST typing. The carrying rates of RNA III, Rot, agrA, SarR, SarU and SigB were all over 93%, the carrying rates of SarZ and SarA genes were 41.86% and 34.88% respectively. Trancriptional levels of hlα in isolates showed α and δ hemolysis and β and δ hemolysis were equal. USA300 and R23 produced Hlα, R23 didn’t showed α hemolysis phenotype.Conclusions. Most clinical CC59 isolates from children in China were α hemolysis negative. There was no statistically significant difference in hlα gene and RNA expression, they produced the protein. The reason for the phenotypic deletion probably related to β hemolysin (Hlβ).

scholarly journals PREPARATION OF COLD CREAM AGAINST CLINICAL PATHOGEN USING CARALLUMA ADSCENDENS VAR. ATTENUATA

2020 ◽  
pp. 120-123
Author(s):  
SUNDAR MADASAMY ◽  
SURESH SUNDAN ◽  
LINGAKUMAR KRISHNASAMY
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Cold Cream ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

Objective: A simple formulation of cold cream from methanolic extract Caralluma adscendens var. attenuata (MECA) and their antimicrobial activity was tested against various clinical pathogens, namely, Escherichia coli, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, and Candida albicans. Methods: Methanol extract of these plant extract was prepared by the Soxhlet method. We analyzed phytochemical nature of theses plant, and subsequently, a cream was formulated cold-cream C. adscendens var. attenuata (FCA) different concentration such as FCA 50 mg, FCA 100 mg, and FCA 200 mg. In the present study, aimed to the antimicrobial activity of cold cream was measured by agar well diffusion method, and standard antibiotic Neosporin (market available) cream was used as positive control and dummy cold cream (without-MECA) were used as the negative control. Results: Phytochemical screening showed that the plant extracts were found a rich source of secondary metabolites. For more, the efficacy of cold cream from MECA extracts to against the clinical pathogen. Positive control Neosporin and 200 mg FCA cream was a highly significant difference in the zone of inhibition when compared to dummy cream. The 200 mg FCA was activity against Escherichia coli, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant E. faecium, and C. albicans highly significantly difference (p<0.05) compared FCA 50 mg and FAC 100 mg creams. Conclusion: The results from this study suggested that the cold cream form base of MECA crude had antimicrobial activity in the different clinical pathogen. They could be used as an alternative source to conventional antimicrobial agents for the treatment of pathological infection.

scholarly journals 204. Clinical Outcomes with Ceftaroline Monotherapy versus Daptomycin-Ceftaroline Combination Therapy in the Treatment of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S209-S210
Author(s):  
Gabriela Andonie ◽  
Elizabeth O Hand ◽  
Kelly R Reveles ◽  
Kristi A Traugott
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Combination Group ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia is associated with poor outcomes and increased mortality. Daptomycin (DAP) and ceftaroline (CPT) in combination has been explored as a potential treatment option and showed improved outcomes compared to vancomycin/standard therapy. CPT monotherapy has been evaluated as salvage therapy for MRSA bacteremia but, to our knowledge, not as a comparator to DAP-CPT combination therapy. The purpose of this study is to compare the clinical outcomes of DAP and CPT combination therapy to CPT monotherapy in the setting of MRSA bacteremia. Methods A retrospective chart review of adult patients (≥ 18 years of age) admitted to University Health from January 2017 to December 2020 with a diagnosis of MRSA bacteremia was performed. Patients received either CPT monotherapy or DAP-CPT combination therapy for a minimum of 48 hours during their course of therapy. Results Thirty-two patients met inclusion criteria and were evaluated. Primary source of infection was pulmonary in the CPT monotherapy group (n=7/24; 29.2%) and osteomyelitis in the DAP-CPT combination group (n= 4/8; 50.0%). Median duration of bacteremia was 8 days and 9 days in the CPT monotherapy and DAP-CPT combination group, respectively. Microbiological cure was achieved in 95.8% (n=23/24) of patients in the CPT monotherapy and 100% (n=8/8) of patients in the DAP-CPT combination group. Bacteremia relapse (30 day, p=0.62; 60 day, p=0.63), readmission rates (30 day, p=0.62; 60 day, p=0.63), and mortality rates (30 day, p=0.70; 90 day, p=0.85) were similar in both groups. There was no statistically significant difference in safety parameters, including incidence of acute kidney injury (p=1.00) and creatine kinase elevations (p=1.00). Bone marrow suppression after at least 72 hours of therapy, including anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, was also not statistically significant between groups. Conclusion This study was unable to find a statistically significant difference in clinical outcomes between patients receiving CPT monotherapy or DAP-CPT combination therapy. A large prospective, randomized controlled trial to assess CPT monotherapy and DAP-CPT combination therapy for the treatment of persistent MRSA bacteremia is warranted. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF NASAL CARRIAGE OF METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS AMONG HEALTHCARE WORKERS IN THE DEPARTMENTS OF OTORINOLARYNGOLOGY AND DENTISTRY IN KYIV, UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 2563-2567
Author(s):  
Aidyn G. Salmanov ◽  
Taras P. Bondar ◽  
Yaroslav V. Shkorbotun ◽  
Evelina A. Chumak ◽  
Volodymyr O. Shkorbotun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Virulence Factor ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Encoding Genes

The aim: To obtain the first estimates of the current prevalence of nasal carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among healthcare workers (HCWs) in the departments of Otorinolaryngology and Dentistry and to determine of genes virulence factors (Panton Valentine Leukocidine (PVL) genes). Materials and methods: We performed a multicenter cross-sectional study. The susceptibility to antibiotics was determined by disk diffusion method according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. The virulence factor encoding genes, mecA, lukS-lukF, were detected by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Results: Incidence rate of S. aureus nasal carriage among HCWs was 36.2%, whereas MRSA carriage was 17%. Prevalence of MRSA carriage rate was 34.9% in Otorhinolaryngology departments and 9.7% in Dentistry. PCR testing confirmed that all MRSA strains were mecA gene-positive. The virulence factor encoding genes were detected in 82.3% of the S. aureus isolates from HCWs. Among S.aureus, the lukS-lukF genes were detected in over 59% of the strains. The lukS-lukF genes were detected in 55.5% of MRSA and in 58.9% of MSSA strains. LukS-lukF genes were most commonly co-present in MRSA strains. No significant difference was detected between the occurrences of lukS-lukF genes (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Personnell in otorhinolaryngology and dentistry departments have a high rate of nasal colonization of MRSA. This carrier state may be an important risk factor for transmission MRSA from physicians and nurses to patients and vice-versa. Screening for MRSA nasal carriage of HCWs is a key element in enabling infection control measures and early therapeutic decisions.

scholarly journals Comparison of Vancomycin Treatment Failures for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia Stratified by Minimum Inhibitory Concentration

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 203-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Joyce B. Wingler ◽  
Darrell T. Childress ◽  
Ricardo A. Maldonado
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteremia ◽  
Vancomycin Mics ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Alternative Agent ◽  
Vancomycin Treatment

Background: Optimal treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremias (MRSABs) with vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) high within the susceptible range is of concern due to the high rate of mortality and increased prevalence. Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate vancomycin treatment failures in patients with MRSAB stratified by vancomycin MIC. Methods: In this retrospective chart review, patients ≥19 years of age with MRSAB between July 2010 and December 2016 were included if they received intravenous vancomycin for ≥72 hours. Vancomycin treatment failures were compared between patients with vancomycin MICs of ≤1 mg/L and 2 mg/L. Vancomycin treatment failure was defined as microbiological failure at 7 days. Inpatient mortality, 30-day readmission, vancomycin-associated nephrotoxicity, and early bacteremia clearance at 48 to 96 hours were assessed as secondary endpoints. Results: Fifty-eight patients were included in the vancomycin MIC ≤1 mg/L group and 22 patients in the vancomycin MIC 2 mg/L group. No significant difference was found in vancomycin treatment failures at 7 days between groups (88% vs 91%, respectively; P = .850). At 96 hours, there was no significant difference in vancomycin treatment failures between groups (72% vs 90%, respectively; P = .127). No significant difference was found in mortality ( P > .99) or 30-day readmission ( P > .99). Conclusions: In this study, vancomycin treatment failures were not more prevalent in patients with vancomycin MIC of 2 mg/L at 7 days. Regardless of MIC, antibiotics should be switched to an alternative agent at 7 days for persistent bacteremia.

Toxicological and Antimicrobial Evaluations of Formulated Ointment from Eskwater (Mikania cordata Asteraceae) Leaf Extract against Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

10.17158/334 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Judee N. Nogodula ◽  
Lady Ron M. Ducut ◽  
Jelah Mae F. Edorot ◽  
Aizovelle T. Egagamao
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Significant Difference

<p>Eskwater (Mikania cordata) is a medicinal plant in treating wounds by B’laan tribe. It is a useful treatment in the emerging cases of difficult-totreat infections caused by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. To validate such claims, this study was conducted to assess the toxicological and antimicrobial properties of eskwater leaf extract through the acute dermal toxicity, antibacterial activity, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), potency test with the standard drug and mutagenicity assay. Toxicity level was attained using female albino rats with the dose of 1000 mg/kg (Sighting study) while 1000 and 2000 mg/kg for Main study. Kirby-Bauer Method was employed for antibacterial activity using Vancomycin and Terbinafine as positive controls. MIC was determined in two-fold serial dilution and Ames test was employed for mutagenic assay using Salmonella typhimurium TA98. Hydrophilic base with low, medium and high doses were incorporated, respectively for ointment formulation. Results showed that eskwater extract was not toxic based from OECD 404 guideline and had partially active action against MRSA ATCC 43300 (13.66 ± 0.5778) and showed no inhibition in fungal growth. MIC was effective at 0.05 g/ml against MRSA only. It exhibited comparable potency with Vancomycin at the concentration of 0.32 mg and lastly, no noticeable mutagenic property was established. One-Way ANOVA and Post Hoc Tukey’s multiple comparison tests were employed in the efficacy of ointment. A significant difference resulted among the formulated ointment and positive control indicating that the three doses of formulated ointment and positive control have different potential to induce inhibition on the growth of MRSA. Ointment evaluated on its physical characteristics appeared greenish brown, has pH 6, good spreadability and washes out easily.</p>

Nanoemulsion is an effective antimicrobial for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in infected wounds

Nanomedicine ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1177-1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengyi Cao ◽  
Theodore Spilker ◽  
Yongyi Fan ◽  
Linda M Kalikin ◽  
Susan Ciotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Infected Wounds

scholarly journals Susceptibility of community associated methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from faeces to antiseptics

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (04) ◽  
pp. 317-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezekiel Olugbenga Akinkunmi ◽  
Adebayo Lamikanra
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Property A ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Technique ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Agar Dilution

Introduction: The study aimed to investigate the resistance of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), an indicator used in hospitals but isolated from faecal samples of children in the community, to commonly used antibiotics and antiseptic agents. Methodology: S. aureus isolates were identified by phenotypic and genotypic techniques such as biochemical tests and polymerase chain reaction. Antibiotic susceptibility was investigated using the disc diffusion technique while the agar dilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antiseptics. Results: MRSA showed considerably higher resistance to other antibiotics than methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). Twelve percent of the MSSA were susceptible to all the antibiotics studied while none of the MRSA had this property. A significant difference in susceptibility between MRSA and MSSA to the three antiseptic agents was observed as 68.8%, 75.0% and 100% of MRSA were less susceptible to benzalkonium chloride, chlorhexidine and cetrimide respectively, while 32.0%, 28.0% and 56.0% of MSSA respectively were less susceptible to these agents compared with S. aureus NCTC 6571. Overall, the MICs for the antiseptics were 2-3 times greater in the MRSA than in the MSSA (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Results show that the concentration of antiseptics used in the prevention of the transmission of infectious agents may have to be raised to cope with the possible presence of MRSA in patients coming into hospital.

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