scholarly journals Photoacoustic image-guided interventions

2019 ◽  
Vol 245 (4) ◽  
pp. 330-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhumithra S Karthikesh ◽  
Xinmai Yang
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real World ◽  
Photoacoustic Imaging ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Hybrid Nanoparticles ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Image Guided ◽  
Current State

Photoacoustic imaging has demonstrated its potential for diagnosis over the last few decades. In recent years, its unique imaging capabilities, such as detecting structural, functional and molecular information in deep regions with optical contrast and ultrasound resolution, have opened up many opportunities for photoacoustic imaging to be used during image-guided interventions. Numerous studies have investigated the capability of photoacoustic imaging to guide various interventions such as drug delivery, therapies, surgeries, and biopsies. These studies have demonstrated that photoacoustic imaging can guide these interventions effectively and non-invasively in real-time. In this minireview, we will elucidate the potential of photoacoustic imaging in guiding active and passive drug deliveries, photothermal therapy, and other surgeries and therapies using endogenous and exogenous contrast agents including organic, inorganic, and hybrid nanoparticles, as well as needle-based biopsy procedures. The advantages of photoacoustic imaging in guided interventions will be discussed. It will, therefore, show that photoacoustic imaging has great potential in real-time interventions due to its advantages over current imaging modalities like computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasound imaging. Impact statement Photoacoustic imaging is an emerging modality for use in image-guided interventional procedures. This imaging technology has a unique ability to offer real-time, non-invasive, cost-effective, and radiation-free guidance in a real-world operating environment. This is substantiated in this article which sums up the current state and underlines promising results of research using photoacoustic imaging in guiding drug delivery, therapy, surgery, and biopsy. Hence, this minireview facilitates future research and real-world application of photoacoustic image-guided interventions.

scholarly journals What’s in a Bantu verb? Actionality in Bantu languages

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thera Marie Crane ◽  
Bastian Persohn
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Future Research ◽  
State Change ◽  
Bantu Languages ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Current State ◽  
Quality Evidence

Abstract The lexical and phrasal dimensions of aspect and their interactions with morphosyntactic aspectual operators have proved difficult to model in Bantu languages. Bantu actional types do not map neatly onto commonly accepted categorizations of actionality, although these are frequently assumed to be universal and based on real-world event typologies. In this paper, we describe important characteristics and major actional distinctions attested across Bantu languages. These, we argue, include complex lexicalizations consisting of a coming-to-be phase, the ensuing state change, and the resultant state; sub-distinctions of coming-to-be phases, and other issues of phasal quality. Despite these fine-grained distinctions in phasal structure and quality, evidence for a principled distinction between activity- and accomplishment-like predicates is mixed. We review the current state of evidence for these characteristics of Bantu actionality and sketch methodological directions for future research.

scholarly journals Analysis of the current state of technologies in the field of recycling technogenic gold-containing raw materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-107
Author(s):  
A. О. Vasilkova ◽  
N. V. Vasilkov ◽  
О. D. Khmelnitskaya ◽  
G. I. Voyloshnikov
Keyword(s):  
Noble Metals ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Sodium Cyanide ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Gold Extraction ◽  
Current State ◽  
Mill Tailings ◽  
Cyanide Consumption ◽  
Technogenic Raw Materials

 In this article, we review existing approaches to recycling technogenic raw materials (ore dumps, metallurgical production slag, mill tailings of ore-dressing plants, etc.), containing non-ferrous and noble metals, which are accumulated in almost non-ferrous metallurgy industries. An analysis of existing technologies for processing technogenic raw materials (pyrite cinders and flotation tailings of concentration plants), which include enrichment, pyro- and hydrometallurgical and combined ways of extracting valuable components, was conducted on the basis of a review of published sources. It was shown that enrichment (screening, desliming in a hydrocyclone, enrichment using a concentration table, magneticliquid separation, flotation), pyrometallurgical and combined ways for extracting noble metals from this type of raw materials are unprofitable. The most satisfactory results were obtained using hydrometallurgical methods to extract valuable components from technogenic raw materials. Various solvents, such as sodium cyanide, thiocarbamide, sodium thiosulphate and sodium sulphite were tested as leaching agents. Cyanation proved to be the most effective way to extract noble metals from technogenic raw materials; however, this process is characterised by a high consumption of sodium cyanide. Therefore, it is of importance to discover an approach to extracting valuable components from such problematic products in order to make their processing more cost-effective by reducing cyanide consumption while maintaining gold extraction. According to the obtained results, gold-containing raw materials are promising in terms of extraction of nonferrous and noble metals using hydrometallurgical technologies. Future research should identify rational methods for processing technogenic gold-containing raw materials in order to make the technology more profitable for extracting valuable components. 

scholarly journals A Review of the State of the Art in Non-Contact Sensing for COVID-19

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 5665
Author(s):  
William Taylor ◽  
Qammer H. Abbasi ◽  
Kia Dashtipour ◽  
Shuja Ansari ◽  
Syed Aziz Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Current State ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Contact Sensing

COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has resulted in a global pandemic recently. With no approved vaccination or treatment, governments around the world have issued guidance to their citizens to remain at home in efforts to control the spread of the disease. The goal of controlling the spread of the virus is to prevent strain on hospitals. In this paper, we focus on how non-invasive methods are being used to detect COVID-19 and assist healthcare workers in caring for COVID-19 patients. Early detection of COVID-19 can allow for early isolation to prevent further spread. This study outlines the advantages and disadvantages and a breakdown of the methods applied in the current state-of-the-art approaches. In addition, the paper highlights some future research directions, which need to be explored further to produce innovative technologies to control this pandemic.

Echogenic bubbles: An new avenue for cancer therapy

2021 ◽  
pp. 6-18
Author(s):  
Rajeswari Saripilli1 ◽  
Pikkala Shirisha
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Ultrasound Molecular Imaging ◽  
Novel Drug

The development of micro and nanobubbles as theranostics is been an emerging trend in the 21st century. Ultrasound molecular imaging is a real-time non-invasive, cost-effective, promising non-viral tool, which is been widely used in the recent times. These micro and nanobubbles are marked as ultrasound agents for both diagnosis and targeting therapeutic agents. These are designed in order to obtain efficient drug delivery. Micro and nanobubbles are very much used for targeting drug and achieving site specific release. These are stable and have longer residence time in systemic circulation, finally shows efficient and promising drug delivery [1]. These echogenic bubbles are helpful for disease diagnosis and therapy more prominently when compared with other novel drug delivery systems. This review describes about functioning of micro and nanobubbles along with mechanism, preparation and studies which describes the works on micro and nanobubbles.

Non-invasive and real-time passive acoustic mapping of ultrasound-mediated drug delivery

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (17) ◽  
pp. 4861-4877 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J Choi ◽  
Robert C Carlisle ◽  
Christian Coviello ◽  
Len Seymour ◽  
Constantin-C Coussios
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Passive Acoustic ◽  
Acoustic Mapping

Supply chain talent: the missing link in supply chain strategy

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 257-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rameshwar Dubey ◽  
Angappa Gunasekaran
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Supply Chain Strategy ◽  
Current State ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Future Supply ◽  
The Right

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to build a supply chain talent framework and test it empirically. Design/methodology/approach – The present study adopts extant literature to understand current state of supply chain talent literature and used knowledge and skill constructs and their items from comprehensive literature review to develop an instrument to gather data. The data are further checked for assumptions and further examines the framework using confirmatory factor analysis. Findings – The findings support previous studies and establishes that knowledge-skill framework is scientifically a strong framework which can help to build current supply chain competencies among future supply chain managers. Research limitations/implications – This study considers only a limited number of variables that define the supply chain talent. The framework can be further developed and extended to different industries and countries. Practical implications – The study identifies knowledge-skill framework which can help to develop a training module for current or aspiring supply chain managers. It also can provide significant input to design university supply chain management program to meet future supply chain manager’s requirements. Social implications – Include providing the right education and training in support of supply chain operations and in turn serving the community with products and services on time and that too in a most cost effective manner. Originality/value – This paper develops a new framework for supply chain talent development. This framework has been empirically tested, and major findings and future research directions are highlighted.

scholarly journals Real-Time EMG Based Pattern Recognition Control for Hand Prostheses: A Review on Existing Methods, Challenges and Future Implementation

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (20) ◽  
pp. 4596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nawadita Parajuli ◽  
Neethu Sreenivasan ◽  
Paolo Bifulco ◽  
Mario Cesarelli ◽  
Sergio Savino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Real World ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Limb Amputation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Myoelectric Prosthesis ◽  
Upper Limb Prosthesis ◽  
Maximum Utility

Upper limb amputation is a condition that significantly restricts the amputees from performing their daily activities. The myoelectric prosthesis, using signals from residual stump muscles, is aimed at restoring the function of such lost limbs seamlessly. Unfortunately, the acquisition and use of such myosignals are cumbersome and complicated. Furthermore, once acquired, it usually requires heavy computational power to turn it into a user control signal. Its transition to a practical prosthesis solution is still being challenged by various factors particularly those related to the fact that each amputee has different mobility, muscle contraction forces, limb positional variations and electrode placements. Thus, a solution that can adapt or otherwise tailor itself to each individual is required for maximum utility across amputees. Modified machine learning schemes for pattern recognition have the potential to significantly reduce the factors (movement of users and contraction of the muscle) affecting the traditional electromyography (EMG)-pattern recognition methods. Although recent developments of intelligent pattern recognition techniques could discriminate multiple degrees of freedom with high-level accuracy, their efficiency level was less accessible and revealed in real-world (amputee) applications. This review paper examined the suitability of upper limb prosthesis (ULP) inventions in the healthcare sector from their technical control perspective. More focus was given to the review of real-world applications and the use of pattern recognition control on amputees. We first reviewed the overall structure of pattern recognition schemes for myo-control prosthetic systems and then discussed their real-time use on amputee upper limbs. Finally, we concluded the paper with a discussion of the existing challenges and future research recommendations.

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