Applying Ecological Frameworks in Obesity Intervention Studies in Hispanic/Latino Youth:

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Kiraly ◽  
Melanie T. Turk ◽  
Melissa A. Kalarchian ◽  
Cheryl Shaffer
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Latino Youth ◽  
The United States ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Vulnerable Population ◽  
Ecological Framework ◽  
Hispanic Children ◽  
Holistic View

Introduction: In the United States, Hispanic children have higher rates of obesity compared with non-Hispanic White children. An ecological framework provides a holistic view of the environment to which Hispanic/Latino children are exposed that can potentially inform prevention and treatment initiatives for this vulnerable population. Method: This systematic review examines the existing evidence on the use of an ecological framework in intervention studies targeting overweight and obesity in Hispanic youth from birth to 8 years. Key terms guided the search of PubMed, Google Scholar, CINAHL, and EBSCOhost databases from 1997 to 2016. Results were organized using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) method. Results: Seven studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Significant improvements in body mass index z scores in treatment children were evident in five of the seven studies. Increases in fruit, water, and vegetable consumption and physical activity levels were reported in four of the seven studies. Conclusion: Multilevel interventions targeting a child’s home and community suggest efficacy in reducing or preventing obesity; increasing fruit, water, and vegetable consumption; and increasing physical activity in overweight/obese young Hispanic children. Future research is needed to explore the sustainability of multilevel obesity prevention interventions in this vulnerable population.

scholarly journals Weight Status and Dietary and Physical Activity Behavior Differences Between Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Children in the U.S.

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
Beth Louisa Ellcessor
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
United States ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Hispanic Students ◽  
The United States ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Hispanic Children ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
The U.S

Background: Hispanic children have a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States.  Acculturation of Hispanics living in the U.S. affects dietary intake and physical activity, thus impacting weight status and health problems related to obesity. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in overweight/obesity and dietary and physical activity behaviors between Hispanic and non-Hispanic children living in the United States.  Methods: Using the 2001-2002 Health Behaviors of School-Aged Children Questionnaire, 6th-10th grade student surveys (n=14,817) were analyzed to compare BMI, consumption of fruits, vegetables, and sugar-sweetened beverages, and levels of physical activity between Hispanic and non-Hispanic subjects. Independent t-test, Oneway ANOVA and Pearson’s Chi-Square provided statistical analysis for the descriptive and research variables. Results: Comparing Hispanic and non-Hispanic students, there was no difference in gender or age, but urbanicity, birth country, home language, and education of mother and father had significant differences between Hispanic and non-Hispanic students (p<0.01).  The Hispanic sample had higher rates of overweight and obesity (p<0.001), consumed lower amounts of fruits (p<0.001) and vegetables (p<0.001), consumed higher amounts of sugar-sweetened beverages (p=0.001), and reported being less physically active (p<0.001) compared to non-Hispanic students.  Conclusion: As evidenced by the 2001-2002 HBSC survey, Hispanic children are consuming less fruits and vegetables and more sugar-sweetened beverages, and have lower rates of physical activity compared to non-Hispanic children.  This may be contributing to the higher rates of overweight and obesity found in this population.  These results could be used in the development of childhood obesity interventions involving Hispanic children.

scholarly journals Body composition outcomes of Healthy Fit and the role of acculturation among low-income Hispanics on the US-Mexico border

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane I. Lopez ◽  
Lauren Chacon ◽  
Denise Vasquez ◽  
Louis D. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Mexico Border

Abstract Background Hispanic immigrants continue to experience higher rates of overweight and obesity compared to their non-Hispanic counterparts. Acculturation may contribute to unhealthy weight gain among immigrant populations by shifting dietary patterns from high fruit and vegetable consumption to unhealthier high fat diets. Healthy Fit, a culturally tailored community health worker (CHW) intervention, aims to reduce obesity related outcomes by providing physical activity and nutrition education and resources in a low-income Hispanic population. This study aims to evaluate outcomes of Healthy Fit participants and examine changes in body composition in relation to level of acculturation at baseline and follow-up. Method In this longitudinal observational study, CHWs recruited 514 participants from community events and agencies serving low-income Hispanic populations in El Paso, Texas from 2015 to 2016. Following an in-person health screening, eligible participants received nutrition and physical activity education guided by fotonovelas, comic-like educational books. Telephone follow-ups made at 1, 3, and 6 months by CHWs encouraged follow-through on referrals. 288 participants completed the screening again during the 12-month follow-up. Results The sample was predominantly Hispanic (96%), female (82%), uninsured (79%), had a household income of less than $19,999 (70%), foreign-born (79%), preferred Spanish (86%) and few rated themselves as good or excellent for English proficiency (27%). Overall, Healthy Fit participants significantly improved (i.e., decreased) BFP by 0.71% (t = 2.47, p = 0.01) but not BMI (b = .01, t = − 0.14, p = .89). Contrary to expectations, acculturation was not associated with lower BMI (b = 0.09, p = 0.84) or BFP (b = 0.13, p = 0.85) at baseline. However, acculturation predicted changes in both BMI (b = 0.30, p = 0.03) and BFP (b = 1.33, p = 0 .01) from baseline to follow-up. Specifically, the low acculturation group improved in body composition measures over time and the high acculturation group did not improve in either measure. Conclusion Findings suggest Healthy Fit was most effective among less acculturated individuals. The influence of acculturation on the efficacy of nutrition and exercise interventions suggests that Hispanics should not be treated as a homogenous subgroup.

Exercise

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth G Nabel
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Exercise Physiology ◽  
The United States ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Global Risk ◽  
Artery Disease

Numerous observational studies have demonstrated an inverse relationship between physical activity and risk of many chronic illnesses. The protective effect of exercise is strongest against coronary artery disease, hypertension, stroke, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, anxiety, depression, osteoporosis, and cancers of the colon and breast. Despite these proven benefits, only 25% of adults in the United States exercise at recommended levels. Globally, physical inactivity is the fourth leading risk factor for death, followed by overweight and obesity. This module describes exercise physiology, including cardiovascular response to dynamic exercise, pulmonary response, musculoskeletal response, metabolic effects, effects on blood lipid levels, hematologic effects, effects on vascular inflammation, effects on body fluids, and psychological effects. Exercise and the elderly and the relationship between exercise and longevity are reviewed. Prescribing exercise and complications of exercise are also discussed. Tables describe the categories of patients screened for possible coronary artery disease, exercise time required to consume 2,000 kcal, and exercise advice for patients. Figures include a graph showing the number of adults who met the federal physical activity guidelines criteria, the top 10 global risk factors for death in 2004, the process of providing energy for the muscle, and trends in physician prescriptions for exercise. This module contains 4 highly rendered figures, 3 tables, 35 references, and 5 MCQs.

Exercise

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth G Nabel
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Exercise Physiology ◽  
The United States ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Global Risk ◽  
Artery Disease

Numerous observational studies have demonstrated an inverse relationship between physical activity and risk of many chronic illnesses. The protective effect of exercise is strongest against coronary artery disease, hypertension, stroke, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, anxiety, depression, osteoporosis, and cancers of the colon and breast. Despite these proven benefits, only 25% of adults in the United States exercise at recommended levels. Globally, physical inactivity is the fourth leading risk factor for death, followed by overweight and obesity. This module describes exercise physiology, including cardiovascular response to dynamic exercise, pulmonary response, musculoskeletal response, metabolic effects, effects on blood lipid levels, hematologic effects, effects on vascular inflammation, effects on body fluids, and psychological effects. Exercise and the elderly and the relationship between exercise and longevity are reviewed. Prescribing exercise and complications of exercise are also discussed. Tables describe the categories of patients screened for possible coronary artery disease, exercise time required to consume 2,000 kcal, and exercise advice for patients. Figures include a graph showing the number of adults who met the federal physical activity guidelines criteria, the top 10 global risk factors for death in 2004, the process of providing energy for the muscle, and trends in physician prescriptions for exercise. This module contains 4 highly rendered figures, 3 tables, 35 references, and 5 MCQs.

scholarly journals Hispanic Male’s Perspectives of Health Behaviors Related to Weight Management

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1547-1559 ◽  
Author(s):  
David O. Garcia ◽  
Luis A. Valdez ◽  
Steven P. Hooker
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
Health Beliefs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Hispanic Males ◽  
Semistructured Interviews

Hispanic males have the highest prevalence of overweight and obesity among men in the United States; yet are significantly underrepresented in weight loss research. The purpose of the current study was to examine Hispanic male’s perspectives of health behaviors related to weight management to refine the methodologies to deliver a gender-sensitive and culturally sensitive weight loss intervention. From October 2014 to April 2015, semistructured interviews were conducted with 14 overweight Hispanic men of ages 18 to 64 years. The interviews lasted approximately 60 minutes. Participants also completed a brief questionnaire and body weight/height were measured. Grounded in a deductive process, a preliminary codebook was developed based on the topics included in the interview guides. A thematic analysis facilitated the identification of inductive themes and the finalization of the codebook used for transcript analysis. Four overarching themes were identified: (a) general health beliefs of how diet and physical activity behaviors affect health outcomes, (b) barriers to healthy eating and physical activity, (c) motivators for change, and (d) viable recruitment and intervention approaches. Future research should examine feasible and appropriate recruitment and intervention strategies identified by Hispanic males to improve weight management in this vulnerable group.

scholarly journals Adiposity and attained height in adolescents: a longitudinal analysis from the LabMed Physical Activity Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1131-1137
Author(s):  
Rafaela Rosário ◽  
Cesar Agostinis-Sobrinho ◽  
Luís Lopes ◽  
Pedro Moreira ◽  
Patrícia Padrão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Generalized Linear Models ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Pubertal Stage ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background To investigate the associations between adiposity and attained height over a 2-year period in healthy adolescents. Methods One thousand and seventeen adolescents aged 12–18 years participated in this cohort study; 893 (87.8%) were reevaluated 1 year later (T2) and 734 (72.2%) subjects 2 years later (T3). Body fat and anthropometry were measured according to standardized procedures. Socioeconomic status, pubertal stage and lifestyles determinants were gathered and used as confounders. Prospective associations between adiposity and height were examined using generalized linear models. Results Greater adiposity at T1 was significantly associated with a lower attained height over time, when adjusting for confounders, which varied between 0.03 and 1 cm in T2 and 0.1 and 1 cm in T3. Conclusions Excess of adiposity in early adolescence may exert an effect on attained height in late adolescence. This study supports future lifestyles intervention studies aiming at preventing overweight and obesity and improving attained height.

Promoting Culturally Sensitive Strategies to Enhance Physical Education among Immigrant and Refugee Youth

2016 ◽  
pp. 347-365
Author(s):  
Jerono P. Rotich ◽  
Tiffany Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Refugee Children ◽  
Refugee Youth ◽  
Socially Responsive ◽  
Immigrant And Refugee

Given the prevalence of overweight and obesity among immigrant and refugee children and youth in America, there is a growing need for physical education, physical activity and sports professionals to incorporate culturally and socially responsive strategies into their programs and activities According to Ike-Chinaka (2013), obesity has been identified as a chronic disease that emerges among immigrant populations after they settled in the United States of America. This chapter will focus on the challenges of newly arrived immigrants and refugee youth, and determinants of participation in physical activity and sports. Additionally, the chapter offers some culturally and socially sensitive tips and strategies that professionals in physical education, physical activity and sports can incorporate into their programs and activities so as to increase the participation among newly arrived immigrants and refugee youth.

Physical Activity Beliefs in Sedentary, Middle-Aged, Overweight Women

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Yoke
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Target Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Overweight Women ◽  
Sedentary Women ◽  
Barriers To Physical Activity

Objective:Physical inactivity, overweight, and obesity are endemic in the United States and in the developed world, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. More information is needed regarding the physical activity beliefs, attitudes, barriers, and perceived self-control among those who are sedentary and weight-challenged. The purpose of this study was to elicit physical activity beliefs about feasibility, pleasure, and movement descriptions from sedentary, middle-aged, overweight women.Methods:Open-ended questions were used throughout individual interviews with 23 participants (age: M = 52.0, SD = 7.3; BMI: M = 34.2, SD = 9.79); attitudes and beliefs regarding physical activity and movement descriptions were documented. Participants were divided into those who were completely sedentary (12 women) and those who regularly engaged in physical activity (11 women).Results:A content analysis revealed that sedentary women were less active and had more perceived barriers to physical activity than active women. The most frequently cited perceived barriers were injuries, caregiving responsibilities, time, age, dislike of sweating, and depression. Sedentary women were less likely to report physical activity as pleasurable; they were also more likely to cite having an exercise buddy as an optimal activity situation. The most frequently cited pleasurable activities in both groups were yoga, movement to music, stretching, and walking.Conclusions:This study provided evidence that perceived barriers to physical activity must be addressed, that low-intensity programs are needed and desired by overweight and sedentary women, and that movement activities must be found that are enjoyable for the target population.

The changing face of risk factors for non-communicable disease in Myanmar: findings from the 2009 and 2014 WHO STEP Surveys

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 750-756
Author(s):  
Shekhar Grover ◽  
Dhirendra N Sinha ◽  
Sanjay Gupta ◽  
Prakash C Gupta ◽  
Ravi Mehrotra
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Risk Factor Surveillance ◽  
Who Steps ◽  
Health Objectives ◽  
Non Communicable Disease

Abstract Background Myanmar is burdened with the dual problem of communicable and non-communicable diseases (NCD), and is constantly endeavoring to attain its health objectives with limited resources. This study compares the results for the 2009 and 2014 WHO STEPs surveys (the ‘stepwise’ approach to adult risk factor surveillance) in Myanmar to determine the change in NCD risk factors over time. Methodology The proportion of individuals with major NCD risk factors such as current tobacco and alcohol consumption, &lt;5 fruit/vegetable servings, physical activity, raised blood pressure (BP) and overweight and obesity from the year 2009 (n = 6414) and year 2014 (n = 8757) WHO STEP surveys were compared for the age group 25–64 and relative changes (RC) calculated. Results Tobacco and alcohol consumption has increased significantly (25 and 49% RC, respectively) over the years. Individuals with low fruit/vegetable consumption (&lt;5 servings) have declined (4.3% RC) and physical activity has increased significantly (46.5% RC). The prevalence of overweight, obese and hypertensive individuals has reduced significantly during this period with a RC reduction of 18, 28 and 20%, respectively. Conclusion Reductions in some NCD risk factors are encouraging but control of tobacco use and alcohol consumption requires more stringent policies in order to prevent NCDs in the future.

Exercise

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth G Nabel
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Exercise Physiology ◽  
The United States ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Global Risk ◽  
Artery Disease

Numerous observational studies have demonstrated an inverse relationship between physical activity and risk of many chronic illnesses. The protective effect of exercise is strongest against coronary artery disease, hypertension, stroke, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, anxiety, depression, osteoporosis, and cancers of the colon and breast. Despite these proven benefits, only 25% of adults in the United States exercise at recommended levels. Globally, physical inactivity is the fourth leading risk factor for death, followed by overweight and obesity. This module describes exercise physiology, including cardiovascular response to dynamic exercise, pulmonary response, musculoskeletal response, metabolic effects, effects on blood lipid levels, hematologic effects, effects on vascular inflammation, effects on body fluids, and psychological effects. Exercise and the elderly and the relationship between exercise and longevity are reviewed. Prescribing exercise and complications of exercise are also discussed. Tables describe the categories of patients screened for possible coronary artery disease, exercise time required to consume 2,000 kcal, and exercise advice for patients. Figures include a graph showing the number of adults who met the federal physical activity guidelines criteria, the top 10 global risk factors for death in 2004, the process of providing energy for the muscle, and trends in physician prescriptions for exercise. This module contains 4 highly rendered figures, 3 tables, 35 references, and 5 MCQs.

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