Arriving from Delphi at O'Hare: Predictive Cognitive Engineering in the O'Hare Modernization Project and Beyond

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-112
Author(s):  
Steven Estes
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Modeling ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Cognitive Models ◽  
Cognitive Engineering ◽  
Work Time ◽  
Modeling Effort ◽  
International Airport

This paper describes a cognitive modeling effort for the O'Hare Modernization Project (OMP). Beginning with a statement of the problem, it describes how cognitive modeling was used to measure the mental workload and work time of controllers running various positions at O'Hare International Airport, both under the current airport configurations and a future set of configurations (proposed in the OMP). The O'Hare case is used as an exemplar of the type of data that can be acquired with relatively simple cognitive models

ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF ELEMENTS OF THE DIESEL COOLING SYSTEM ON ITS THERMAL STABILIZATION BY MEANS OF COMPUTER MODELING

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
Zayats Yuriy Aleksandrovich ◽  
◽  
Zayats Tatiana Mikhailovna ◽  
Savelyev Maksim Anatolevich ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Computer Modeling ◽  
Cognitive Modeling ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Target Function ◽  
Thermal Stabilization ◽  
Cognitive Models ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Mechatronic Systems

Logistics support of products at all stages of the life cycle is gaining increasing influence. This is facilitated by the increasing complexity of structures, a large number of elements, the intro-duction of mechatronic systems. Under these conditions, the relevance of developing methods for analyzing the design of samples increases. The developed model for analyzing the diesel cooling system is based on the principles of cognitive modeling. The practical significance of cognitive models is shown, which consists in the possibility of predicting changes in the influence of system elements on the target function in various operating conditions.

scholarly journals All models are wrong, some are useful, but are they reproducible? Commentary on Lee et al. (2019)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael David Wilson ◽  
Russell Boag ◽  
Luke Joseph Gough Strickland
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Cognitive Modeling ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Cognitive Models ◽  
Reproducible Research ◽  
Minimum Information ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Bare Minimum ◽  
Practical Recommendations

Lee et al. (2019) make several practical recommendations for replicable and useful cognitive modeling. They also point out that the ultimate test of the usefulness of a cognitive model is its ability to solve practical problems. Solution-oriented modeling requires engaging practitioners who understand the relevant applied domain but may lack extensive modeling expertise. In this commentary, we argue that for cognitive modeling to reach practitioners there is a pressing need to move beyond providing the bare minimum information required for reproducibility, and instead aim for an improved standard of transparency and reproducibility in cognitive modeling research. We discuss several mechanisms by which reproducible research can foster engagement with applied practitioners. Notably, reproducible materials provide a starting point for practitioners to experiment with cognitive models and evaluate whether they are suitable for their domain of expertise. This is essential because solving complex problems requires exploring a range of modeling approaches, and there may not be time to implement each possible approach from the ground up. Several specific recommendations for best practice are provided, including the application of containerization technologies. We also note the broader benefits of adopting gold standard reproducible practices within the field.

Typical event sequences as licensors of direct object ellipsis in Russian

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-212
Author(s):  
Marjorie McShane
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Agents ◽  
Cognitive Modeling ◽  
Direct Object ◽  
Event Sequence ◽  
Language Understanding ◽  
Modeling Effort ◽  
Event Sequences ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Typical Sequence ◽  
Typical Event

Abstract This paper extends the computationally-oriented theory of ellipsis presented in McShane’s A Theory of Ellipsis (2005) by introducing the feature typical event sequence. It is argued that, in Russian, the presence of a typical sequence of events in a pair of clauses can be the key feature licensing the ellipsis of the latter’s direct object. The linguistic analysis contributes to a larger cognitive modeling effort aimed at configuring language-endowed intelligent agents with human-level language understanding capabilities.

scholarly journals Cognitive Modeling in Intelligence Research: Advantages and Recommendations for their Application

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gidon T. Frischkorn ◽  
Anna-Lena Schubert
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Cognitive Modeling ◽  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Cognitive Models ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
General Intelligence

Mathematical models of cognition measure individual differences in cognitive processes, such as processing speed, working memory capacity, and executive functions, that may underlie general intelligence. As such, cognitive models allow identifying associations between specific cognitive processes and tracking the effect of experimental interventions aimed at the enhancement of intelligence on mediating process parameters. Moreover, cognitive models provide an explicit theoretical formalization of theories regarding specific cognitive process that may help overcoming ambiguities in the interpretation of fuzzy verbal theories. In this paper, we give an overview of the advantages of cognitive modeling in intelligence research and present models in the domains of processing speed, working memory, and selective attention that may be of particular interest for intelligence research. Moreover, we provide guidelines for the application of cognitive models in intelligence research, including data collection, the evaluation of model fit, and statistical analyses.

scholarly journals Methodological bases for the elaboration of cognitive models forming the mechanism and the rational dimension of the instruments of state regulation of the development of the horticulture and viticulture industries

2019 ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
E. A. Egorov ◽  
Zh. A. Shadrina ◽  
G. A. Kochyan
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Modeling ◽  
Cognitive Models ◽  
Cognitive Map ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Agricultural Economy ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Industry Sectors

The article presents the relevance of conducting research in the fi eld of scientifi c and methodological substantiation of the rational dimensionality of multifunctional target regulators suffi cient to organize expanded reproduction in such capital-intensive industries as horticulture and viticulture. The current trends in the development of horticulture and viticulture industries are analyzed, and the factors hindering the development of industry sectors of the economy are identifi ed. The necessity of improvement the mechanism and tools for regulating the processes of development of industrial fruit growing and viticulture and substantiation the rational dimensionality of regulators, which ensure the necessary pace of development of industry sectors of the agricultural economy, is proved. A defi nition of the cognitive map of the formation of the mechanism and tools of state regulation of the development of the agricultural economy subcomplexes is given according to the criteria of effi ciency and sustainability, which also takes into account specifi c indicative parameters of their development. This map will reveal the functional relationships between the eff ectiveness of government support measures and the performance of business entities. The methodological basis for the elaboration of cognitive models for the formation of the mechanism and tools of state regulation of the development of industrial sectors of the agricultural economy is worked out. An algorithm for cognitive modeling of the mechanism and rational dimension of development management tools is proposed, including clarifi cation of goal setting and local tasks; evaluation of the adequacy of instruments of state regulation of reproduction processes; development of a cognitive map of the formation of the mechanism and instruments of state regulation; development of a system of criteria and performance indicators of state regulators of reproductive processes and agro-industrial complexes; cognitive modeling of the rational dimension of government regulation tools based on digital technologies and automated system-cognitive analysis methods. The use of cognitive models for the formation of a rational dimension of state regulation tools will provide a fl exible response to all changes in the external and internal environment in accordance with the goals and take into account the territorial specifi cs of industry production.

scholarly journals Exemplifying "Us": Integrating social identity theory of leadership with cognitive models of categorization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David K. Sewell ◽  
Timothy Ballard ◽  
Niklas K Steffens
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
Cognitive Modeling ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Group Identity ◽  
Leadership Effectiveness ◽  
Cognitive Models ◽  
Leadership Role ◽  
Rating Data ◽  
Social Cognitive Models

Identity leadership theorizing suggests that leadership effectiveness derives from a potential leader’s perceived ability to create, embody, promote, and embed a shared group identity. However, little is known about how people integrate this information to form a judgment of a leader. We use cognitive modeling to operationalize leadership judgments as exemplar-and prototype-based categorization processes. Analysis of attribute rating data for 80 highly recognizable Americans revealed that leadership judgments were well-characterized by an exemplar-based model. Judgments were based overwhelmingly on promoting shared collective interests and embedding group identity. The pattern of attribute weightings was consistent for judgments of a general leadership role (i.e., as a competent leader) as well as judgments for a specific leadership role (i.e., as an effective US president). We discuss the implications of these findings for our understanding of identity leadership as well as for integrated social-cognitive models of individuals’ judgements of and responses to leaders.

scholarly journals FUZZY COGNITIVE MODELS IN MANAGEMENT OF SEMI-STRUCTURED SOCIO-ECONOMIC SYSTEMS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.А. Захарова ◽  
А.Г. Подвесовский ◽  
Р.А. Исаев
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Cognitive Modeling ◽  
Cognitive Maps ◽  
Cognitive Models ◽  
Fuzzy Cognitive Maps ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Software System ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Original Information

В статье рассматривается проблематика моделирования слабоструктурированных социально-экономических систем на основе применения когнитивного подхода. Предлагается авторская информационная технология поддержки когнитивного моделирования таких систем, основанная на использовании нечетких когнитивных карт. Описывается опыт применения предложенной технологии и реализующей ее программной системы при решении ряда практических задач исследования стратегий управления социально- экономическими системами. The article deals with the problems of modeling semi-structured socio- economic systems based on the use of the cognitive approach. The original information technology for supporting the cognitive modeling of such systems based on the use of fuzzy cognitive maps is proposed. The experience of using the proposed technology and the software system that implements it in solving a number of practical problems of researching strategies for managing socio-economic systems is described.

On the proper treatment of connectionism

1988 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Smolensky
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Modeling ◽  
Cognitive Models ◽  
Massively Parallel ◽  
Neural Models ◽  
Physical Sciences ◽  
Connectionist Models ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Sequential Rule ◽  
Computational Systems ◽  
Level Of Analysis

AbstractA set of hypotheses is formulated for a connectionist approach to cognitive modeling. These hypotheses are shown to be incompatible with the hypotheses underlying traditional cognitive models. The connectionist models considered are massively parallel numerical computational systems that are a kind of continuous dynamical system. The numerical variables in the system correspond semantically to fine-grained features below the level of the concepts consciously used to describe the task domain. The level of analysis is intermediate between those of symbolic cognitive models and neural models. The explanations of behavior provided are like those traditional in the physical sciences, unlike the explanations provided by symbolic models.Higher-level analyses of these connectionist models reveal subtle relations to symbolic models. Parallel connectionist memory and linguistic processes are hypothesized to give rise to processes that are describable at a higher level as sequential rule application. At the lower level, computation has the character of massively parallel satisfaction of soft numerical constraints; at the higher level, this can lead to competence characterizable by hard rules. Performance will typically deviate from this competence since behavior is achieved not by interpreting hard rules but by satisfying soft constraints. The result is a picture in which traditional and connectionist theoretical constructs collaborate intimately to provide an understanding of cognition.

Human Performance Modeling in the Army: A Long and Winding Road

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 1191-1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurel Allender ◽  
Troy Kelley ◽  
John Lockett ◽  
Sue Archer
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
System Design ◽  
Cognitive Modeling ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Performance Modeling ◽  
Cognitive Models ◽  
History Of ◽  
Modeling Practices ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Early Influences

The history of human performance modeling (HPM) in the U.S. Army is described, the early influences and technological events that made it possible. Highlights of significant milestones are presented, including HPM efforts that were influential in influencing the U.S. Army's modeling practices and in changing system design. The latest challenges in cognitive modeling, advanced decision making, stressors, and the particular challenges of distributed and linked simulations are discussed as well as the prospect of using methods from neuroscience for validation of cognitive models.

Comparison of Cognitive Model Uses in Intelligent Training Systems

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 374-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Ryder ◽  
Thomas Santarelli ◽  
Jackie Scolaro ◽  
James Hicinbothom ◽  
Wayne Zachary
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Modeling ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Cognitive Models ◽  
Expert Performance ◽  
Performance Models ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
Information Manipulation

Cognitive models are human performance models that represent human knowledge and internal information manipulation processes. Many uses of cognitive models in training systems have been proposed in the literature, but actual applications have lagged behind, and comparative assessments are rare. To fill this gap, experiences in applying cognitive models in several different intelligent tutoring/training systems are reviewed and compared. All the applications were developed using the same cognitive modeling framework (COGNET) and software (iGEN™). The models fall into two main categories: expert performance models, used for tracing knowledge and actions, and instructional agents, used to predict, observe, and diagnose trainee use of specific knowledge sets and skills. Comparisons focus on the model development process and the efficacy of the resulting system. A set of preliminary conclusions on the selection and development of cognitive models in training systems is offered.

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