scholarly journals Managing variability: a cognitive ethnography of the work of airline dispatchers

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 182-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Munro ◽  
Richard Mogford
Keyword(s):  
Software Design ◽  
Pattern Identification ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Contingency Planning ◽  
Cognitive Workload ◽  
Flight Planning ◽  
Cognitive Ethnography ◽  
Load Planning ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
High Level

Airline dispatchers’ workflow is often described in broad terms like ‘flight planning’ and ‘flight following.’ Such high-level descriptions fail to recognize the number and complexity of tasks involved in these activities. An ethnographic study was conducted at three US airlines to understand the cognitive workload involved in flight planning. Fuel planning was identified as one of five key flight planning tasks. Fuel planning was conducted concurrently with other planning and monitoring tasks which often led to interruptions. Planning fuel was dynamic, with re-calculations required whenever other factors varied. This rework increased workload and opportunities for error while reducing efficiency. Beyond route changes, four main factors contributed variability to fuel planning: contingency planning, load planning, pilots, and station operations. Strategies for managing variability included pattern identification, use of buffers, rounding up, and leveraging software tools. Software design often added workload by forcing dispatchers to attend to low level tasks.

scholarly journals Interpersonal Communication among Critical Care Nurses: an Ethnographic Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
Tayebeh Mahvar ◽  
Nooredin Mohammadi ◽  
Naima Seyedfatemi ◽  
AbouAli Vedadhir
Keyword(s):  
Critical Care ◽  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Critical Care Nurses ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Critical Care Units ◽  
Effective Care ◽  
High Level ◽  
Communication Culture

Introduction: Interpersonal communication in critical care units is one of the most important factors due to complicated and critical conditions of patients. Nurses’ confrontation with ethical distresses and conflict resolution techniques are often influenced by the culture governing these units. This study aimed to explore interpersonal communication culture among critical care nurses. Methods: A focused ethnographic approach was used to conduct study in Iran. The research method was based on the research evolutionary cycle model recommended by Spradley (1980). Data were collected over six months through purposeful sampling and semi structured interviews (n=18) and participation observation (n=43). The data were obtained over six months of observation and interview with participants. Data analysis was done by Spradley method and was interpreted to discover the meaning units from the obtained themes. MAXQDA10 was used to manage data. Results: Five major domains of observations and high-level consensus were extracted in this study, including grouping, work-life interaction, professionalism, organizational atmosphere and experience. Conclusion: Development of interpersonal communication culture is influenced by various factors. Besides, the working models and nurses’ use of workspace are indispensable components of effective communication at workplace. The findings of this study can be helpful in determining appropriate strategies and practices to resolve communication problems among nurses by specifying challenges, thereby leading to proper communication among nurses, promoting this communication and finally providing high quality and more effective care.

scholarly journals JEWELRY IN CELUK: ITS TRENDS, DEVELOPMENT, AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE VILLAGE ARTISANS

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
I Ketut Sida Arsa ◽  
Ni Made Ary Widiastini
Keyword(s):  
Production Management ◽  
Casting Machine ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The People ◽  
Human Labor ◽  
Method Of Production ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Village

This study was aimed at explaining jewelry production, its development and implications of the developing trends. This study was conducted in Celuk Village, Gianyar Regency, a place or arena of production, distribution and at the same time sale of jewelry in Bali, Indonesia, in which Celuk is regarded as the basis for jewelry. This paper explains the development of jewelry at the beginning of the emergence of tourism and the implications, and the introduction of casting machine as the method of production which had an implication in the change of human labor, in which the artisans became machine power regarded as more professional in jewelry production. The data of this ethnographic study were collected through observation, in-depth interview, library research, and internet search. The finding showed that the presence of jewelry that is developing in Celuk Village does not give an optimal positive contribution to the community of the village as artisans, but in stead, it gives profits to the people outside the village who are involved in the development of the jewelry trends. The entrance of tourism with the implication on the high level of jewelry production and sale in Celuk Village started from 1980s gave profits to tour guides who were regarded as the ones who deserve to get fee in a large amount by the artisans. When there was a trend in jewelry in 2010-2014, in which the demand for jewelry like accessories for kebaya cloth for going to the temple and a ring with gemstone drove away the artisans whose position had been replaced by casting machines and workers who came from outside of Celuk Village who were regarded more professional by jewelry business people in producing standard jewelry in a large quantity. In this paper it is understood that artisans in Celuk Village are not able to obtain an optimal use from jewelry trends that develop in their location due to various factors such as the low level of education of the artisans, low level of profesionalism in working, and the low level of ability of the artisans in production management

scholarly journals AN ANALYSIS ON WRITING ANXIETY OF INDONESIAN EFL COLLEGE LEARNERS

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-128
Author(s):  
Sri Wahyuni ◽  
M. Khotibul Umam
Keyword(s):  
Time Pressure ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Writing Anxiety ◽  
Dominant Type ◽  
State College ◽  
Key Words Anxiety ◽  
Negative Comments ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
High Level ◽  
English Students

This study aims at analyzing the writing anxiety of English students of an Islamic State College in East Java, Indonesia. This study described the levels, dominant type, and main factors of writing anxiety of the English students. Fifty English students at the fourth semester participated in this study. Two closed-ended questionnaires, Second Language Writing Anxiety Inventory (SLWAI) proposed by Cheng, and Causes of Writing Anxiety Inventory (CWAI) proposed by Rezaei and Jafari were employed to collect the data. The findings revealed that 54% of the students experienced high level of writing anxiety, 44% experienced moderate level of writing anxiety, and 2% experienced low level of writing anxiety. The dominant type of writing anxiety was cognitive writing anxiety, which is based on the highest mean among two other types of writing anxiety. Then there are four main factors that cause writing anxiety. They are linguistic difficulties, fear of teachers’ negative comments, insufficient writing practice, and time pressure. Key words: anxiety, foreign language anxiety, writing anxiety

scholarly journals Konflikt rosyjsko-ukraiński: wojna znaczeń

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 139-151
Author(s):  
Ołena Taranenko
Keyword(s):  
Media Discourse ◽  
Information Component ◽  
War Narratives ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Hybrid War ◽  
Main Instrument ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Military ◽  
Modern War ◽  
Blind Faith

Russian-Ukrainian conflict as the war of meaningsModern informational war is carried out in the transformed hybrid formats. The conflict which is related to the military aggression of Russia against Ukraine demonstrates the transformation of traditional methods of information attacks and propaganda effects in hybrid war. It combines all phases of the conflict — from latent forms to open armed confrontation. Information component of the conflict is appropriated to determine as a semantic war by the theory of George Pocheptsov. The main factors of the Russian-Ukrainian war meanings based of the material of modern media discourse are analyzed at the report. Specifically, that are the confrontation of values and interpretations; figurative, symbolic and emotional components of the conflict discourse naming a semantic eff ective weapon of war; narratives role in changes in behavioral patterns, framing, transformation promotional schemes. The hybrid nature of modern informational war consists into removing the actual relevance of the traditional distinction of journalism and propaganda, in a mimicry process of manipulation and propaganda by the “discourse of truth” and in the attempt to destroy the distinction between truth and false at all phenomenon of fakes. The analysis results show high level of conflict mythologizing in media discourse and this defines a leading semantic of modern war of meanings. Mythological technology of simulacrum, the use of bricolage, collective binary and ritualized patterns of perception, fanatical blind faith are treated as the main instrument of the war of meanings.

scholarly journals Analisis Faktor-Faktor Pekerjaan Terhadap Tingkat Kemangkiran Karyawan Operasional PT. Aneka Tuna Pasuruan

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Anang Firmansyah ◽  
Phonny Aditiawan Mulyana
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Style ◽  
Group Norms ◽  
Organizational Processes ◽  
Canned Tuna ◽  
Work Factors ◽  
Work Style ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
High Level ◽  
Stress Work ◽  
Dominant Influence

ABSTRACT  The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of work factors on the level of absenteeism of operational employees of PT Aneka Tuna Pasuruan. Job factors are breadth, stress, work style, leadership style, relationships between employees, opportunities to develop, reward / incentive systems, group norms work, and commitment to the organization. Impotence behavior developed from low work morale in organizational processes for work is also low, in addition to things that cannot be avoided (sickness, traffic trauma). PT. Aneka Tuna Pasuruan is one of the exporters of canned tuna in Indonesia, which has hundreds of employees, also inseparable from labor issues. In several years at PT. Aneka Tuna Pasuruan a high level of absenteeism from its employees. The level of absenteeism occurred at PT. Aneka Tuna Pasuruan, this is the very thing that the company is publishing. The results of the study state that work factors have a significant influence on the level of absenteeism of Operational employees at PT. Aneka Tuna Pasuruan Where the main factors have a dominant influence from other factors, on the absenteeism of employees at PT. Aneka Tuna Pasuruan. Keywords : Job factors, level of absenteeism Correspondence to : [email protected] ABSTRAK  Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor-faktor pekerjaan terhadap tingkat kemangkiran karyawan operasional PT Aneka Tuna Pasuruan.Faktor-faktor pekerjaan adalah keluasan pekerjaan, stres peran, ukuran kelompok kerja, gaya kepemimpinan, hubungan antar karyawan, kesempatan untuk berkembang, sistem imbalan/insentif, norma kelompok kerja, dan komitmen pada organisasi. Perilaku kemangkiran berkembang dari moral kerja yang rendah dalam suatu organisasi sehingga untuk datang kerja juga rendah, selain hal-hal yang tak bisa dihindari (sakit, kecelakaan lalu lintas). PT. Aneka Tuna Pasuruan merupakan salah satu perusahaan pengekspor ikan tuna dalam kaleng di Indonesia yang mempunyai ratusan karyawan, juga tidak terlepas dari masalah ketenagakerjaan. Pada beberapa tahun belakangan ini PT. Aneka Tuna Pasuruan mengalami tingkat kemangkiran yang tinggi dari karyawannya. Tingkat kemangkiran tersebut terjadi pada PT. Aneka Tuna Pasuruan, sehingga hal ini sangat mengganggu jalannya perusahaan. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa faktor-faktor pekerjaan mempunyai pengaruh yang bermakna terhadap tingkat kemangkiran karyawan Operasional di PT. Aneka Tuna Pasuruan Sedangkan faktor Keluasan pekerjaan mempunyai pengaruh yang dominan daripada faktor-faktor lain, terhadap kemangkiran karyawan di PT. Aneka Tuna Pasuruan. Kata kunci : Faktor-faktor pekerjaan, Tingkat kemangkiranKorespondensi : [email protected]

Company culture and prevention of corruption in Germany, China and Russia

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai D Bussmann ◽  
Anja Niemeczek ◽  
Marcel Vockrodt
Keyword(s):  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Preventive Effect ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Company Culture ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
International Profile ◽  
High Level ◽  
A Company ◽  
Parent Companies

A Web-based survey of 15 German companies with an international profile studied the main factors effectively preventing corruption. Results showed that the most important preventive factors were a company culture that promotes integrity, along with strong knowledge of norms and a high level of acceptance of the company anti-corruption programme. Using the example of Russia and China, the survey also studied how far German parent companies succeed in exporting their company cultures and prevention measures to foreign branches. Results showed that hierarchic-elitist cultures increase the susceptibility to corruption and impede the preventive effect of single anti-corruption measures.

Bullfighting, Self-Enhancement, and Well-Being in Rural Japan

Paragrana ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-164
Author(s):  
Susanne Klien
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Intergenerational Exchange ◽  
Contemporary Life ◽  
Sense Of Satisfaction ◽  
High Level

Abstract This ethnographic study explores bullfighting in Oki and its many functions in contemporary life. It examines how mostly elderly bullfighters differ from other Japanese of their age and how they manage to lead their lives to the fullest, maintaining a high level of physical and mental health. With depictions of both the daily routine and bullfighting events, the paper enquires into the meaning of bullfighting and its related activities for actors involved in it, how bullfighters learn social skills in the stables and the arena, and how bullfighting creates well-being both on an individual and collective level. The hypothesis is that the sense of satisfaction of bullfighters accrues from a balance of activities as discrete individual and social interaction, communication, and intergenerational exchange.

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