A Mathematical Model for the Reduction of Neck Tension

1986 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 1063-1067
Author(s):  
Nancy Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Word Processing ◽  
Muscle Tension ◽  
Head Position ◽  
Office Workers ◽  
Neck Muscle ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Source Document

Tension in the muscles of the neck has been found to be a major contributing factor to pain and discomfort among office workers. It was the purpose of this study to produce a mathematical model for the prediction of neck muscle tension based on source document placement at a word processing workstation. 20 subjects were electromyographically sampled for levels of neck muscle tension during both reading and typing tasks in six different source document positions. Measures of head position were also taken in each document position under each condition. From this data a series of regression equations was developed which predict neck muscle tension based on both document position and head position.

Methodology of Estimation of Fire Separation Distances between Construction Facilities by Calculation

2020 ◽  
Vol 1006 ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
Vadym Nizhnyk ◽  
Yurii Feshchuk ◽  
Volodymyr Borovykov
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Ignition Temperature ◽  
Oil Products ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Fire Load ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Tabular Method

Based on analysis of appropriate literary sources we established that estimation of fire separation distances was based of two criteria: heat flux and temperature. We proposed to use “ignition temperature of materials” as principal criterion when determining fire separation distances between adjacent construction facilities. Based on the results derived while performing complete factorial we created mathematical model to describe trend of changing fire separation distances depending on caloric power of fire load (Q), openings factor of the external enclosing structures (k) and duration of irradiation (t); moreover, its adequacy was confirmed. Based on linear regression equations we substantiated calculation and tabular method for the determination of fire separation distances for a facility being irradiated which contains combustible or otherwise non-combustible façade and a facility where liquid oil products turn. We developed and proposed general methodology for estimation of fire separation distances between construction facilities by calculation.

Development of a Mathematical Model for a Workpiece Heating and Cooling in a Protective Medium while Treatment under Pressure

2021 ◽  
Vol 410 ◽  
pp. 115-122
Author(s):  
Victoria V. Devyatiarova ◽  
Eugenia E. Balakhnina ◽  
Lilya M. Valeeva
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Arbitrary Shape ◽  
Thermal Conductivity Coefficient ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Temperature Problem ◽  
Protective Medium ◽  
Computer Calculations ◽  
The Mathematical Model

The paper reviews and develops the mathematical model of plastic flow during the hot-forming processes. A flat non-stationary temperature problem for a cross-section of a long solid (rolled product) of arbitrary shape with different heat transfer conditions along the perimeter of the cross-section was considered. Equations for calculation of the thermal conductivity coefficient and heat capacity of tungsten billets were obtained in the temperature range of 700 - 1500°C, based on the literature data. Analytical dependences in form of regression equations were obtained, allowing for computer calculations of physical specifications of 11x11 mm VA grade tungsten billets in form of temperature functions with accuracy sufficient for practical calculations.

scholarly journals A comparative analysis of neck muscle tension in a harvester operator compared with chainsaw and horse skidding operator and with normal human activities

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 301-305
Author(s):  
J. Macků ◽  
J. Dvořák
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Muscle Tension ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Neck Muscle ◽  
Breathing Rate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Muscle Groups

The goal of the experiment was to assess the physical stress experienced by an operator during the use of harvester equipment. Experimental data was obtained from field measurements with a Biofeedback 2000<sup>x-pert</sup> (BFB) unit, which allows recording of selected physiological parameters on the operator, especially an electromyogram of target muscle groups, body temperature, breathing rate and pulse. Experimental data was interpreted by comparing it with values measured during normal human activities. Measurements were done during logging using a harvester, a chainsaw, while skidding with a horse, while running, and while walking normally. The results of the experiment showed that the electromyograph (EMG) of the investigated muscle groups exhibited values 164% higher during running than during the cut-to-length (CTL) production, up to 77% higher while walking, up to 28% higher during logging with a chainsaw, and even up to 230% higher values while skidding with a horse. Body temperature and pulse measurements did not show a significant difference in values measured during CTL production and during other activities. &nbsp; &nbsp;

Muscle stretching with deep and slow breathing patterns: a pilot study for therapeutic development

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kulwarang Wongwilairat ◽  
Orawan Buranruk ◽  
Wichai Eungpinichpong ◽  
Rungthip Puntumetakul ◽  
Somporn Kantharadussadee-Triamchaisri
Keyword(s):  
Neck Pain ◽  
Muscle Tension ◽  
Chronic Neck Pain ◽  
Office Workers ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Breathing Patterns ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Slow Breathing

Abstract Background Chronic neck pain is frequently found in office workers affecting quality of life; also, stress is one participating factor. Though stretching incorporating deep-slow breathing (DSB) has benefits on health, an effective and suitable technique for office workers to perform in the workplace is a gap in need of fulfilment. Methods We explored the effective pattern of stretching with DSB to reduce neck tension and promote relaxation within the shortest time. Thirty-two female participants with neck tension were allocated into two steps totaling five patterns (n=8 for each pattern). Firstly, they performed two patterns; two other patterns were developed and compared with DSB alone. Muscle tension, pain score, and heart rate variability (HRV) were immediately measured. Results All patterns performed with the eyes closed decreased muscle tension more than those performed with the eyes open; the pain amid all stretching groups subsequently decreased. Only a bout of slow stretching, performed synchronously with the eyes closed along with a period of deep inhalation increased the parasympathetic activity of HRV; an increase in pain was reported after stretching. Conclusions A slowed and synchronized pattern between stretching with DSB and eyes closed period, performed at least four times repeatedly rendered benefits in reducing neck pain and tension, in addition to promoting relaxation within a short period; however, the DSB pattern and the feeling of the stretched muscle to promote relaxation were individual differences. Thus, future studies should come up with apposite training methods adjusted to fit individuals; self-awareness toward these aspects ought to be encouraged.

scholarly journals Study of dust particle size distribution in the air of work areas at cement production facilities

2019 ◽  
Vol 138 ◽  
pp. 01027
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Menzelintseva ◽  
Natalia Karapuzova ◽  
Awadh M. Redhwan ◽  
Ekaterina Fomina
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Dust Particle ◽  
Shop Floor ◽  
Cement Plant ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Work Area

The particle size distribution of dust in the air of the work area has been determined for some cement plant shops. An experimental study has been conducted to explore the effects of microclimate parameters on the dust particle size distribution on the shop floor in the cement milling shop and cement packing shop, and regression equations have been obtained. A mathematical model has been developed to forecast the dust particle size distribution in the air of work areas of cement plants.

Impact of myofascial mobilization on pain and mobility of the spine in people with pain and increased muscle tone of the cervical spine

2019 ◽  
Vol XXIII (2) ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
Marta NIEDBAŁA ◽  
Grzegorz MAGOŃ
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Muscle Tension ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Trigger Points ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Neck Muscle ◽  
Pain Level ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Myofascial Trigger Points

<b>Introduction.</b> Manual therapy is a standard method of physiotherapy to deactivate the interfering potential of the trigger points thus eliminate the subsequent tension within the area of the connective tissue. <b>Aims.</b> The aim of the study is the evaluation of the influence of the myofascial trigger points therapy on the increased neck muscle tension, pain and ROM in people who suffer from cervical pain. <b>Material and methods.</b> A diagnostic method was linear measurements of ROM of the cervical spine and a visual analogue scale (VAS) to assess the pain level. The examination included 35 people aged 25-55, performing whitecollar work in sitting position, selected by a neurologist or orthopedist, with identified increased muscle tension in the cervical region. Achieved results were statistically evaluated. To show the importance of the differences in cervical ROM, the intensity of pain and disability level before and after rehabilitation, a non-parametric signedrank test was utilized. The differences were found as significant for p<0,05. <b>Results and conclusions.</b> A comprehensive physiotherapy of myofascial painfull points results in decrease the pain level in patients suffering from pain syndrome of the cervical spine. Proposed physiotherapy plan lead to improved movement of the cervical spine in all directions.

scholarly journals MANIPULASI TOPURAK (TOTOK, PUKUL, GERAK) UNTUK PENYEMBUHAN NYERI DAN KETEGANGAN OTOT LEHER

MEDIKORA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
Ela Yuliana ◽  
B.M. Wara Kushartanti
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Tension ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
T Test ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Neck Muscle ◽  
Lateral Flexion ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Neck Function ◽  
Quota Sampling ◽  
And Function

Nyeri dan ketegangan otot leher merupakan keluhan muskuloskeletal umum yang sering dirasakan setiap orang (prevalensi 30%-50%). Topurak (Totok, Pukul, Gerak) merupakan salah satu terapi manipulasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji efektivitas manipulasi Topurak untuk penyembuhan nyeri dan ketegangan otot leher pasien Klinik Olahraga Terapi dan Rehabilitasi FIK UNY. Rancangan Pre-experimental dengan One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan quota sampling yang dihitung dengan rumus Slovin didapatkan quota sebesar 15 orang. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah ROM, skala nyeri, dan skala fungsi baik sebelum maupun sesudah perlakukan. Paired Samples t Test digunakan untuk menganalisis data ROM dan uji Wilcoxon untuk data skala nyeri maupun skala fungsi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan ROM pada gerakan fleksi, ekstensi, left lateral flexion, right lateral flexion, left rotation, dan right rotation. Didapatkan juga adanya penurunan skala nyeri serta peningkatan skala fungsi leher setelah manipulasi Topurak (p<0,05). Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa manipulasi Topurak efektif untuk penyembuhan nyeri dan ketegangan otot leher. TOPURAK MANIPULATION (TOUCH, PUNCH, MOTION) FOR HEALING OF PAIN AND NECK MUSCLE TENSIONAbstractNeck pain and muscle tension is a common musculoskeletal complaint that is often felt by everyone (prevalence of 30% -50%). Topurak (Touch, Pukul, Motion) is a manipulation therapy. and neck muscle tension of FIK UNY Sports and Therapy Sports and Rehabilitation Clinic patients. Pre-experimental design with One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The sampling technique uses quota sampling which is calculated by Slovin formula obtained quota of 15 people. Data collected were ROM, pain scale, and function scale both before and after treatment. Paired Samples t Test is used to analyze ROM data and Wilcoxon test for pain scale and function scale data. The results showed an increase in ROM in flexion, extension, left lateral flexion, right lateral flexion, left rotation, and right rotation. There was also a decrease in pain scale and an increase in the scale of neck function after Topurak manipulation (p <0.05). Based on these results, it can be concluded that Topurak manipulation is effective for healing neck pain and muscle tension.

scholarly journals Mathematical processing of results experimental studies of low-temperature modes of drying of capillary-porous materials of spherical shape

2019 ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Yu.F. Snezhkin ◽  
V.М. Paziuk ◽  
Zh.O. Petrova
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Porous Materials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Response Surfaces ◽  
Convective Drying ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Mathematical Processing

The mathematical processing of experimental data obtained during the drying of spherical form of capillary-porous materials on a convective drying bench allows us to determine the influence of various factors on the process. The main factors influencing the kinetics of drying of capillary-porous materials of spherical shape are the temperature and velocity of the heat carrier, as well as the initial moisture content of the material. For each factor, the variation levels corresponding to the optimal conditions for conducting experimental studies with low-temperature drying conditions are recommended. For a mathematical description of the duration of drying of capillary-porous materials, we use an orthogonal composite plan of the second order. As a result, the proposed mathematical model of the process obtained regression equations and the response surface of the duration of drying of capillary-porous materials of spherical shape. The obtained regression equations of the drying time give a detailed description of the influence of both individual and joint actions of factors, the significance of these parameters is determined by the corresponding coefficients according to Student's criterion. Also, the adequacy of the mathematical model according to Fisher's criterion, which corresponds to the real object, is checked. The construction of the response surfaces of the drying time of capillary-porous materials indicates the nature of the effect of these factors in the given range of variation.

Structure Optimization for Hydraulic Press Based on Approximate Model

2013 ◽  
Vol 442 ◽  
pp. 287-290
Author(s):  
Wei Wei
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Total Mass ◽  
Structure Optimization ◽  
Approximate Model ◽  
Hydraulic Press ◽  
Orthogonal Experimental Design ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Lower Beam

A method of structure optimization for hydraulic press is proposed in order to reduce mass while assuring adequate stiffness. Upper beam and lower beam are determined as optimal objects by mass analysis. Key geometric parameters of upper beam and lower beam which have relatively larger impacts on mass and stiffness are extracted as design variables. In order to research relationship between stiffness, mass and design variables, command batch file is built by python language to implement automatic finite element analysis in ABAQUS. Orthogonal experimental design is used to generate samples of design variables. Calculating data are dealed with second order stepwise regression and mathematical model for structure optimization is established by regression equations. The goal of structure optimization is to decrease total mass of hydraulic press while assuring adequate stiffness. Particle swarm optimization is used to solve the mathematical model. The total mass of hydraulic press is decreased by 3.1% and its stiffness is adequate to ensure the forming precision when solving process is finished.

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