Enhancing Visual Inspection with Binocular Rivalry: Integrating Three Studies

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 856-860
Author(s):  
Girish Maheswar ◽  
Colin G. Drury
Keyword(s):  
Binocular Rivalry ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Binocular Fusion ◽  
Initial Experiment ◽  
Computer Screen ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Control Practice ◽  
The Third ◽  
Industrial Inspection

The phenomenon of binocular rivalry occurs in stereoscopic viewing where the images presented to the two eyes contain small areas which resist stereoscopic fusion. In industrial inspection, this could help locate defects if a perfect item is presented to one eye and a potentially-defective item to the other eye. Any defect will show a sparkling visual effect. A sequence of three circuit board inspection experiments was used to determine whether this system is practical. An initial experiment using board images showed only a small effect of binocular fusion. A second experiment using symbol stimuli with excellent registration showed binocular rivalry to increase performance considerably, and to remove any effect of inspecting for multiple defects simultaneously. The third experiment returned to realistic inspected items, but ensured good registration by placing images on a computer screen. This experiment again showed the superiority of binocular rivalry, and also no unusual visual strain from stereo viewing. These experiments allow us to delineate the conditions under which the benefits of binocular rivalry can be exploited in quality control practice.

scholarly journals About the QSOs contained in the Cerro el Roble Survey and the density of UVX-QSOs in the SGP field

1986 ◽  
Vol 119 ◽  
pp. 49-50
Author(s):  
Luis E. Campusano
Keyword(s):  
Visual Inspection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
The Third ◽  
Machine Selection ◽  
Objective Prism ◽  
Selection Of

A region containing the SGP, centered at α 00h 53m (1950) δ −28°03', is becoming a selected region for QSO research. Three lists of QSO candidates have been published for this field. One consists of candidates discovered visually on an objective prism plate, selected in a 25-deg2 area and with B(lim) ⋍ 20 mag (Clowes and Savage, 1983; the CS sample). The other list came from visual inspection of U and B plates (UVX stars), covering a region of 44-deg2 and with approximately the same limiting magnitude of the CS sample (Campusano and Torres, 1983; the CT sample). The third survey of QSO-candidates involved a machine selection of UVX stars (Shanks et al., 1983), whose published components correspond to two small areas of 1.6 and 8.2 deg2 with B(lim) = 19 mag (Boyle et al., 1985).

Journey to the Advisor Within: Exploring Challenge, Transformation and Evolution in Advisor Stories

Relay Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 319-322
Author(s):  
Gamze Güven-Yalçın ◽  
Stephanie Lea Howard ◽  
Hatice Karaaslan
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Reflective Practice ◽  
Message Board ◽  
Initial Experiment ◽  
Narrative Style ◽  
The Third ◽  
Visual Message ◽  
Knowledge And Practice ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Academic Year

In the Reflective Practice column of the third issue of the Relay Journal, Yamamoto (2019) remarked on the importance of creating a platform for advisors to voice their views, feelings, and experiences, and suggested a need for more reflective narratives to be posted from different social, historical, and cultural contexts in order to provide an intimate view inside advising sessions, thereby offering a better understanding of said advising practices. The aim was to create a forum where advisors could learn from each other, and ultimately, everyone could mutually benefit from the experiences shared. To further this innovative research into Advising in Language Learning (ALL), the initial experiment by language advsiors at Kanda has been replicated in a different setting with four learning advisors from Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Turkey. The design used by the advisors at Kanda, a narrative style adopted while telling the stories, has been expanded to include a visual message board to which 20 learning advisors have contributed with their short reflective captions on their advisor selves. Additionally, the theme used by the advisors at Kanda, “the most memorable advising experience of this academic year” has been altered in our case to avoid repetition and to allow reflection on different aspects of the advising experiences. Thus, our narratives and the visual message board will examine two different themes: (1) How has advising affected you? (2) How do you define yourself as an advisor? Four narratives have elaborated on the first theme of the influence of advising knowledge and practice on the individual advisors, and the visual message board includes 20 images with reflective captions on the second theme of defining advisor identities.

scholarly journals Mating Disruption of Pseudococcus calceolariae (Maskell) (Hemiptera, Pseudococcidae) in Fruit Crops

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 343
Author(s):  
Carolina Ballesteros ◽  
Alda Romero ◽  
María Colomba Castro ◽  
Sofía Miranda ◽  
Jan Bergmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Potential Control ◽  
The Third ◽  
Pseudococcus Calceolariae ◽  
And Control ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Control Tool

Pseudococcus calceolariae, the citrophilous mealybug, is a species of economic importance. Mating disruption (MD) is a potential control tool. During 2017–2020, trials were conducted to evaluate the potential of P. calceolariae MD in an apple and a tangerine orchard. Two pheromone doses, 6.32 g/ha (2017–2018) and 9.45 g/ha (2019–2020), were tested. The intermediate season (2018–2019) was evaluated without pheromone renewal to study the persistence of the pheromone effect. Male captures in pheromone traps, mealybug population/plant, percentage of infested fruit at harvest and mating disruption index (MDI) were recorded regularly. In both orchards, in the first season, male captures were significantly lower in MD plots compared to control plots, with an MDI > 94% in the first month after pheromone deployment. During the second season, significantly lower male captures in MD plots were still observed, with an average MDI of 80%. At the third season, male captures were again significant lower in MD than control plots shortly after pheromone applications. In both orchards, population by visual inspection and infested fruits were very low, without differences between MD and control plots. These results show the potential use of mating disruption for the control of P. calceolariae.

scholarly journals The occurrence rate and clinical application of Osteo-line on the femur neck

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingchen Zou ◽  
Haotian Wu ◽  
Shuangquan Yao ◽  
Dong Ren ◽  
Song Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Application ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Third ◽  
Femur Neck ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract Background This study was done to observe the incidence of Osteo-line on the femur neck and to explore the clinical application of Osteo-line in osteotomy. Methods Eighty-nine adult femur specimens were selected to observe the incidence of Osteo-line on the femur neck. From August 2015 to January 2019, a total of 278 patients who completed unilateral hip arthroplasty at the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University were retrospectively included. Patients who accepted osteotomy via Osteo-line on the femur neck were defined as the experimental group (n = 139), and patients who accepted osteotomy via traditional method (The femoral distance 1.5 cm above the trochanter was retained for osteotomy by visual inspection.) were defined as the control group (n = 139). According to the postoperative pelvic X-ray, Photoshop was used to evaluate the leg length discrepancy (LLD) by the CFR-T-LT method. Results Among the 89 specimens, the incidence of anterior Osteo-line was 75.28%, and the incidence of posterior Osteo-line was 100%. According to the clinical application results, the incidence of anterior Osteo-line on the femur neck was 80%, and the incidence of posterior Osteo-line was 100%. The Osteo-line was clearer than those on the femoral specimens. Twenty-six cases had LLD greater than 1 cm (9.29%), including 2 cases in the experimental group and 24 cases in the control group. The average postoperative LLD in the experimental group (0.19 ± 0.38 mm) was significantly shorter than in the control group (0.54 ± 0.51 mm)(P = 0.005). Conclusion The incidence of Osteo-line on the femur neck was high, and patients who accepted osteotomy via Osteo-line on the femur neck can achieve shorter postoperative LLD than the control group.

scholarly journals Single units and conscious vision

1998 ◽  
Vol 353 (1377) ◽  
pp. 1801-1818 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
N. K. Logothetis
Keyword(s):  
Binocular Rivalry ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Visual Awareness ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Binocular Fusion ◽  
Neural Representations ◽  
Multistable Perception ◽  
Visual Areas ◽  
Psychophysical Studies

Figures that can be seen in more than one way are invaluable tools for the study of the neural basis of visual awareness, because such stimuli permit the dissociation of the neural responses that underlie what we perceive at any given time from those forming the sensory representation of a visual pattern. To study the former type of responses, monkeys were subjected to binocular rivalry, and the response of neurons in a number of different visual areas was studied while the animals reported their alternating percepts by pulling levers. Perception–related modulations of neural activity were found to occur to different extents in different cortical visual areas. The cells that were affected by suppression were almost exclusively binocular, and their proportion was found to increase in the higher processing stages of the visual system. The strongest correlations between neural activity and perception were observed in the visual areas of the temporal lobe. A strikingly large number of neurons in the early visual areas remained active during the perceptual suppression of the stimulus, a finding suggesting that conscious visual perception might be mediated by only a subset of the cells exhibiting stimulus selective responses. These physiological findings, together with a number of recent psychophysical studies, offer a new explanation of the phenomenon of binocular rivalry. Indeed, rivalry has long been considered to be closely linked with binocular fusion and stereopsis, and the sequences of dominance and suppression have been viewed as the result of competition between the two monocular channels. The physiological data presented here are incompatible with this interpretation. Rather than reflecting interocular competition, the rivalry is most probably between the two different central neural representations generated by the dichoptically presented stimuli. The mechanisms of rivalry are probably the same as, or very similar to, those underlying multistable perception in general, and further physiological studies might reveal a much about the neural mechanisms of our perceptual organization.

Measuring Human Detection Performance in Aircraft Visual Inspection

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 304-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin G. Drury ◽  
Floyd W. Spencer ◽  
Donald L. Schurman
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Human Detection ◽  
Field Independence ◽  
Multiple Fault ◽  
Industrial Inspection ◽  
Inspection Tasks ◽  
Non Destructive

In airworthiness assurance, while there is a long tradition of measuring inspection reliability for machine-aided Non-Destructive Inspection (NDI), the more common visual inspection has received little attention. Yet inspection reliability measurements are needed if we are to set appropriate inspection intervals for airframe components. Visual inspection of aircraft is characterized as using multiple senses (despite its name) and having to inspect for multiple fault types, in contrast to NDI which is used for single specific fault types. The study here used 12 professional inspectors to perform nine visual inspection tasks on a long-service Boeing 737 aircraft. Each inspector worked over two days. Measures were taken of performance, strategy and individual differences. Only a fraction of the results are presented here, with a major finding that aircraft visual inspection has approximately the same reliability as industrial inspection. Individual differences were found, as well as correlations between certain aspects of performance and individual characteristics such as Field Independence and Peripheral Visual Acuity. However, there was little correlation between an individual inspector's performance on the different tasks, showing the difficulty of designing selection and placement procedures for such a wide-ranging job.

scholarly journals Criteria and Applications of the MK Classification System

1979 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
R. F. Garrison
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Higher Dimensions ◽  
Variable Stars ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Third ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Inspection Techniques

AbstractA review is given of the present state of MK classification, with a view to future developments in techniques and instrumentation. The principle of the complementarity of quantitative and visual inspection techniques is stressed.Included in the discussion are examples of problems which are currently outstanding. Among these are variable stars, marginal peculiarities, fundamental standards (with specific reference to the Sun), and representation of the third and higher dimensions.

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