Assessing the Motor Status Score: A Scale for the Evaluation of Upper Limb Motor Outcomes in Patients after Stroke

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Ferraro ◽  
Jennifer Hogan Demaio ◽  
Jennifer Krol ◽  
Chris Trudell ◽  
Keren Rannekleiv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Pearson Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Maximum Score ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Upper Extremity Impairment ◽  
Motor Outcomes

The Motor Status Scale (MSS) measures shoulder, elbow (maximum score = 40), wrist, hand, and finger movements (maximum score = 42), and expands the measurement of upper extremity impairment and disability provided by the Fugl-Meyer (FM) score. This work examines the interrater reliability and criterion validity of the MSS performed in patients admitted to a rehabilitation hospital 21 ± 4 days after stroke. Using the MSS and the FM, 7 occupational therapists masked to each other’s judgments, evaluated 12 consecutive patients with stroke. Two therapists evaluated 6 additional patients on consecutive days. Intraclass correlation coefficients were significant for each group of raters for the shoulder/elbow and for the wrist/hand (P < 0.0001); test-retest measures were also significant for the shoulder/elbow (Pearson correlation coefficient r = 0.99, P < 0.004) and for the wrist/hand (Pearson correlation coefficient r = 0.99, P < 0.003). The internal item consistency for the overall MSS was significant (Cronbach alpha = 0.98, P < 0.0001). Finally the correlation between the MSS and the FM (R 2 = 0.964) was significant (P < 0.0001). The MSS affords a reliable and valid assessment of upper limb impairment and disability following stroke.

scholarly journals A Quantitative Comparison of Multispectral Refraction Topography and Autorefractometer in Young Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunru Liao ◽  
Zhenlan Yang ◽  
Zijing Li ◽  
Rui Zeng ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Agreement ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Repeatability And Reproducibility ◽  
The Mean

Purpose: Purpose of this study is to evaluate the measuring consistency of central refraction between multispectral refraction topography (MRT) and autorefractometry.Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study including subjects in Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital from September 1, 2020, to December 31, 2020, ages 20 to 35 years with a best corrected visual acuity of 20/20 or better. All patients underwent cycloplegia, and the refractive status was estimated with autorefractometer, experienced optometrist and MRT. We analyzed the central refraction of the autorefractometer and MRT. The repeatability and reproducibility of values measured using both devices were evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs).Results: A total of 145 subjects ages 20 to 35 (290 eyes) were enrolled. The mean central refraction of the autorefractometer was −4.69 ± 2.64 diopters (D) (range −9.50 to +4.75 D), while the mean central refraction of MRT was −4.49 ± 2.61 diopters (D) (range −8.79 to +5.02 D). Pearson correlation analysis revealed a high correlation between the two devices. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) also showed high agreement. The intrarater and interrater ICC values of central refraction were more than 0.90 in both devices and conditions. At the same time, the mean central refraction of experienced optometrist was −4.74 ± 2.66 diopters (D) (range −9.50 to +4.75D). The intra-class correlation coefficient of central refraction measured by MRT and subjective refraction was 0.939.Conclusions: Results revealed that autorefractometry, experienced optometrist and MRT show high agreement in measuring central refraction. MRT could provide a potential objective method to assess peripheral refraction.

scholarly journals Is there a relationship between the overhead press and split jerk maximum performance? Influence of sex

2021 ◽  
pp. 174795412110204
Author(s):  
Marcos A Soriano ◽  
G Gregory Haff ◽  
Paul Comfort ◽  
Francisco J Amaro-Gahete ◽  
Antonio Torres-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Maximum Performance ◽  
Repetition Maximum ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients

The aims of this study were to (I) determine the differences and relationship between the overhead press and split jerk performance in athletes involved in weightlifting training, and (II) explore the magnitude of these differences in one-repetition maximum (1RM) performances between sexes. Sixty-one men (age: 30.4 ± 6.7 years; height: 1.8 ± 0.5 m; body mass 82.5 ± 8.5 kg; weightlifting training experience: 3.7 ± 3.5 yrs) and 21 women (age: 29.5 ± 5.2 yrs; height: 1.7 ± 0.5 m; body mass: 62.6 ± 5.7 kg; weightlifting training experience: 3.0 ± 1.5 yrs) participated. The 1RM performance of the overhead press and split jerk were assessed for all participants, with the overhead press assessed on two occasions to determine between-session reliability. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and 95% confidence intervals showed a high reliability for the overhead press ICC = 0.98 (0.97 – 0.99). A very strong correlation and significant differences were found between the overhead press and split jerk 1RM performances for all participants (r = 0.90 [0.93 – 0.85], 60.2 ± 18.3 kg, 95.7 ± 29.3 kg, p ≤ 0.001). Men demonstrated stronger correlations between the overhead press and split jerk 1RM performances (r = 0.83 [0.73-0.90], p ≤ 0.001) compared with women (r = 0.56 [0.17-0.80], p = 0.008). These results provide evidence that 1RM performance of the overhead press and split jerk performance are highly related, highlighting the importance of upper-limb strength in the split jerk maximum performance.

scholarly journals Reproducibility and Validity of the 10-Meter Shuttle Ride Test in Wheelchair-Using Children and Adolescents With Cerebral Palsy

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (7) ◽  
pp. 967-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olaf Verschuren ◽  
Maremka Zwinkels ◽  
Marjolijn Ketelaar ◽  
Femke Reijnders-van Son ◽  
Tim Takken
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Manual Wheelchair ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients

BackgroundFor children with cerebral palsy (CP) who are able to walk or run, the 10-m shuttle run test is currently the test of choice to assess cardiorespiratory fitness. This test, however, has not yet been examined in wheelchair-using youth with CP.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the test-retest reproducibility and validity of the 10-m shuttle ride test (SRiT) in youth with CP.DesignRepeated measurements of the SRiT were obtained.MethodsTwenty-three individuals with spastic CP (18 boys, 5 girls; mean age=13.3 years, SD=3.6 years) using a manual wheelchair for at least part of the day participated in this study. During the study, all participants performed one graded arm exercise test (GAET) and 2 identical SRiTs within 2 weeks. Peak oxygen uptake (V̇o2peak), peak heart rate (HRpeak), and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) were recorded. Intraclass correlation coefficients (2,1), the smallest detectable difference, and the limits of agreement (LOA) were calculated. The association between the results of the SRiT and GAET was tested using Pearson correlation coefficients.ResultsIntraclass correlation coefficients (.99, 95% confidence interval=.98–1.00) for all variables indicated highly acceptable reproducibility. The LOA analysis revealed satisfactory levels of agreement. The SRiT variables demonstrated strong, significant positive correlations for V̇o2peak values obtained during the SRiT and the GAET (r=.84, P&lt;.01).LimitationsAlthough the GAET is considered the gold standard, the cardiorespiratory demand during the GAET was significantly lower compared with during the SRiT. Future studies should determine whether the GAET can still be accepted as the gold standard for upper-extremity exercise.ConclusionsThe SRiT is a reproducible and valid test for measuring cardiorespiratory fitness in youth with spastic CP who self-propel a manual wheelchair.

scholarly journals Measurement of flow harmonics correlations with mean transverse momentum in lead–lead and proton–lead collisions at $$\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} = 5.02~\hbox {TeV}$$ with the ATLAS detector

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Aad ◽  
◽  
B. Abbott ◽  
D. C. Abbott ◽  
A. Abed Abud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Charged Particle ◽  
Transverse Momentum ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Gluon Plasma ◽  
Pearson Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Order Flow ◽  
Momentum Range ◽  
Ion Collisions

AbstractTo assess the properties of the quark–gluon plasma formed in ultrarelativistic ion collisions, the ATLAS experiment at the LHC measures a correlation between the mean transverse momentum and the flow harmonics. The analysis uses data samples of lead–lead and proton–lead collisions obtained at the centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 5.02 TeV, corresponding to total integrated luminosities of $$22~\upmu \text {b}^{-1}$$22μb-1 and $$28~\text {nb}^{-1}$$28nb-1, respectively. The measurement is performed using a modified Pearson correlation coefficient with the charged-particle tracks on an event-by-event basis. The modified Pearson correlation coefficients for the 2nd-, 3rd-, and 4th-order flow harmonics are measured in the lead–lead collisions as a function of event centrality quantified as the number of charged particles or the number of nucleons participating in the collision. The measurements are performed for several intervals of the charged-particle transverse momentum. The correlation coefficients for all studied harmonics exhibit a strong centrality evolution, which only weakly depends on the charged-particle momentum range. In the proton–lead collisions, the modified Pearson correlation coefficient measured for the 2nd-order flow harmonics shows only weak centrality dependence. The lead-lead data is qualitatively described by the predictions based on the hydrodynamical model.

scholarly journals Development and evaluation of the nurse quality of communication with patient questionnaire

2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 79-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mira Vukovic ◽  
Branislav Gvozdenovic ◽  
Branka Stamatovic-Gajic ◽  
Miodrag Ilic ◽  
Tomislav Gajic
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Patient Communication ◽  
Patient Questionnaire ◽  
Pearson Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Patient Relationship

Introduction. Nurse/patient relationship as a complex interrelation or as an interaction of the factor patient and factor nurse has been a subject of a number of studies during the past ten years. Nurse/patient communication is a special entity, usually observed within a framework of the wider nurse/ patient relationship. In that regard, we wanted to develop a standardized questionnaire that could reliably measure the quality of communication between nurse and patient, and be used by nurses. Objectives. The main goal of this study was to develop and evaluate construct validity of the Nurse Quality of Communication with Patient Questionnaire (NQCPQ), as well as to evaluate its reliability. The goal was also to establish a measure of inter-raters reliability, using two repeated measurements of results by items and scores of the NQCPQ, on the same observed units by two assessors. Methods. The starting NQCPQ that consists of 25 items, was filled in by two groups of nurses. Each nurse was questioned during morning and afternoon shifts, in order to evaluate their communication with hospitalized patients, using marks from 1 to 6. To evaluate construct validity, we used the analysis of main components, while reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficient and Cronbach-alpha coefficient. To evaluate interraters reliability, we used Pearson correlation coefficient. Results. Using a group of 118 patients, we explained 86% of the unknown, regarding the investigated phenomenon (communication nurse/patient), using one component by which we separated 6 items of the questionnaire. Inter-item correlation (?) in this component was 0.96. Pearson correlation coefficient was highly significant, value 0.7 by item, and correlation coefficient for scores at repeated measurements was 0.84. Conclusion. NQCPQ is 6-item instrument with high construct validity. It can be used to measure quality of nurse/patient communication in a simple, fast and reliable way. It could contribute to more adequate research and defining of this problem, and as such could be used in studies of interaction of psychometric, clinical, biochemical, socio-cultural, demographic and other parameters as well.

scholarly journals Reliability of the ForceFrame With and Without a Fixed Upper-Limb Mold in Shoulder Rotation Strength Assessments Compared With Traditional Hand-Held Dynamometry

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Jamon Couch ◽  
Marc Sayers ◽  
Tania Pizzari
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Shoulder Abduction ◽  
Minimal Detectable Change ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Shoulder Strength ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Context: An imbalance between shoulder internal rotation (IR) and external rotation (ER) strength in athletes is proposed to increase the risk of sustaining a shoulder injury. Hand-held (HHD) and externally fixed dynamometry are reliable forms of assessing shoulder IR and ER strength. A new externally fixed device with an attachable fixed upper-limb mold (The ForceFrame) exists; however, its reliability in measuring shoulder strength is yet to be investigated. Objective: To determine the test–retest reliability of the ForceFrame, with and without the fixed upper-limb mold, in the assessment of shoulder IR and ER strength, as compared with HHD. Design: Test–retest reliability study. Setting: Laboratory, clinical. Participants: Twenty-two healthy and active individuals were recruited from the university community and a private physiotherapy practice. Main Outcome Measures: Maximal isometric shoulder IR and ER strength was measured using the ForceFrame and traditional HHD in neutral and at 90° shoulder abduction. Mean (SD) strength measures were calculated. Test–retest reliability was analyzed using intraclass correlation coefficients (3, 1). The SEM and minimal detectable change were calculated. Results: Good to excellent test–retest reliability was found for all shoulder strength tests across Hand-held dynamometry (HHD) and externally fixed dynamometry (EFD) are reliable forms (intraclass correlation coefficients [3, 1] = .854–.916). The minimal detectable changes ranged between 25.61 and 41.84 N across tests. Test–retest reliability was not affected by the dynamometer or testing position. Conclusions: The results from this study indicate that both the ForceFrame and HHD are suitable for measuring shoulder strength in clinical practice. The use of the fixed upper-limb mold with the ForceFrame does not improve reliability.

scholarly journals Methods of Estimating Correlation Coefficients in the Presence of Influential Outlier(s)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-185
Author(s):  
Etaga H.O. ◽  
Okoro I. ◽  
Aforka K.F. ◽  
Ngonadi L.O.
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Pearson Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Spearman Correlation ◽  
Correlation Methods ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Median Correlation ◽  
Standing Problem ◽  
Research Analysis

Correlation methods are indispensable in the study of the linear relationship between two variables. However, many researchers often adopt inappropriate correlation methods in the study of linear relationships which usually leads to unreliable results. Recurrently, most researchers ignorantly employ the Pearson method in a dataset that contained outliers, instead of more appropriate correlation methods such as Spearman, Kendall Tau, Median and Quadrant which might be suitable in the calculation of correlation coefficient in the presence of influential outliers. It is noted that the accuracy of estimation of correlation coefficients under outliers has been a long-standing problem for methodological researchers. This is due to low knowledge of correlation methods and their assumptions which have led to inappropriate application of correlation methods in research analysis. Five different methods of estimating correlation coefficients in the presence of influential outlier (contaminated data) were considered: Pearson Correlation Coefficient, Spearman Correlation Coefficient, Kendall Tau Correlation Coefficient, Median Correlation Coefficient and Quadrant Correlation Coefficient.

scholarly journals The Test–Retest Reliability of Bilateral and Unilateral Force Plate–Derived Parameters of the Countermovement Push-Up in Elite Boxers

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Gemma N. Parry ◽  
Lee C. Herrington ◽  
Ian G. Horsley ◽  
Ian Gatt
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Vertical Stiffness ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Push Up

Context: Maximal power describes the ability to immediately produce power with the maximal velocity at the point of release, impact, and/or take off—the greater an athlete’s ability to produce maximal power, the greater the improvement of athletic performance. In reference to boxing performance, regular consistent production of high muscular power during punching is considered an essential prerequisite. Despite the importance of upper limb power to athletic performance, presently, there is no gold standard test for upper limb force development performance. Objective: To investigate the test–retest reliability of the force plate–derived measures of countermovement push-up in elite boxers. Design: Test–retest design. Setting: High Performance Olympic Training Center. Participants: Eighteen elite Olympic boxers (age = 23 [3] y; height = 1.68 [0.39] m; body mass = 70.0 [17] kg). Intervention: Participants performed 5 repetitions of countermovement push-up trials on FD4000 Forcedeck dual force platforms on 2 separate test occasions 7 days apart. Main Outcome Measures: Peak force, mean force, flight time, rate of force development, impulse, and vertical stiffness of the bilateral and unilateral limbs from the force–time curve. Results: No significant differences between the 2 trial occasions for any of the derived bilateral or unilateral performance measures. Intraclass correlation coefficients indicated moderate to high reliability for performance parameters (intraclass correlation coefficients = .68–.98) and low coefficient of variation (3%–10%) apart from vertical stiffness (coefficient of variation = 16.5%–25%). Mean force demonstrated the greatest reliability (coefficient of variation = 3%). In contrast, no significant differences (P < .001) were noted between left and right limbs (P = .005–.791), or between orthodox or southpaw boxing styles (P = .19–.95). Conclusion: Force platform–derived kinetic bilateral and unilateral parameters of countermovement push-up are reliable measures of upper limb power performance in elite-level boxers; results suggest unilateral differences within the bilateral condition are not the norm for an elite boxing cohort.

scholarly journals Reliability of a Three-Dimensional Wound Camera and Correlation With Routine Ruler Measurement in Diabetes-Related Foot Ulceration

2020 ◽  
pp. 193229682097465
Author(s):  
Joel Willem Johan Lasschuit ◽  
Jill Featherston ◽  
Katherine Thuy Trang Tonks
Keyword(s):  
Interobserver Reliability ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Area Measurement ◽  
Foot Care ◽  
Foot Ulceration ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Service Setting

Background: In an era of increasing technology and telehealth utilization, three-dimensional (3D) wound cameras promise reliable, rapid, and touch-free ulceration measurements. However, reliability data for commercially available devices in the diabetes foot service setting is lacking. We aimed to evaluate the reliability of diabetes-related foot ulceration measurement using a 3D wound camera in comparison to the routinely used ruler and probe. Method: Participants were prospectively recruited from a tertiary interdisciplinary diabetes foot service. Ulcerations were measured at each visit by two blinded observers, first by ruler and probe, and then using a 3D wound camera twice. Reliability was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Measurement methods were compared by Pearson correlation. Results: Sixty-three ulcerations affecting 38 participants were measured over 122 visits. Interobserver reliability of ruler measurement was excellent for estimated area (ICC 0.98, 95% CI 0.97-0.98) and depth (ICC 0.93, 95% CI 0.90-0.95). Intraobserver and interobserver reliability of the 3D wound camera area was excellent (ICC 0.96, 95%CI 0.95-0.97 and 0.97 95% CI 0.96-0.98, respectively). Depth was unrecordable in over half of 3D wound camera measurements, and reliability was inferior to probe measurement. Area correlation between methods was good ( R = 0.88 and 0.94 per observer); however, depth correlation was poor ( R = 0.49 and 0.65). Conclusions: 3D wound cameras offer practical advantages over ruler-based measurement. In diabetes-related foot ulceration, the reliability and comparability of area measurement was excellent across both methods, although depth was more reliably obtained by the probe. These limitations, together with cost, are important considerations if implementing this technology in diabetes foot care.

The Reliability of the Manual Supination Resistance Test

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazel Noakes ◽  
Craig Payne
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Resistance Test ◽  
Foot Orthoses ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Foot Pronation

Several decisions need to be made when prescribing foot orthoses for abnormal foot pronation. One of these decisions is how much force is needed from orthoses to supinate the foot. The supination resistance test has been described as one technique to help determine the amount of force needed. The aim of this project was to determine the reliability of the manual supination resistance test. Four clinicians of differing levels of experience performed the test on 44 subjects (88 feet) on 2 separate days. The test had good reliability overall, with an intertester intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.89. For the two more experienced clinicians, the intratester intraclass correlation coefficients were good (0.82 and 0.78), but for the two inexperienced clinicians they were poor (0.56 and 0.62). The supination resistance test may be clinically useful in the prescription of foot orthoses, but more work is needed to determine its validity and its relationship to clinical outcomes. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 93(3): 185-189, 2003)

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