High Frequencies in QEEG Are Related to the Level of Insight in Patients With Schizophrenia

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 316-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Kemal Arikan ◽  
Baris Metin ◽  
Sinem Zeynep Metin ◽  
Emine Elif Tülay ◽  
Nevzat Tarhan
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Treatment Compliance ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Gamma Activity ◽  
Beta Activity ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Gamma Power

Lack of insight is a neurocognitive problem commonly encountered in patients with psychotic disorders that negatively affects treatment compliance and prognosis. Measurement of insight is based on self-report scales, which are limited due to subjectivity. This study aimed to determine the correlation between resting state beta and gamma power in 23 patients with schizophrenia and insight. It was observed that as beta and gamma power measured via qualitative electroencephalography (qEEG) increased the level of insight decreased. Negative correlation was found in F3, C3, Cz for gamma activity and in F3 and C3 for beta activity. This finding indicates that resting state qEEG could be used to evaluate the level of insight in patients with schizophrenia.

scholarly journals The human brain reveals resting state activity patterns that are predictive of biases in attitudes toward robots

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (46) ◽  
pp. eabb6652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Bossi ◽  
Cesco Willemse ◽  
Jacopo Cavazza ◽  
Serena Marchesi ◽  
Vittorio Murino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Humanoid Robot ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Gamma Activity ◽  
Beta Activity ◽  
Eeg Signal ◽  
Intentional Agents ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg

The increasing presence of robots in society necessitates a deeper understanding into what attitudes people have toward robots. People may treat robots as mechanistic artifacts or may consider them to be intentional agents. This might result in explaining robots’ behavior as stemming from operations of the mind (intentional interpretation) or as a result of mechanistic design (mechanistic interpretation). Here, we examined whether individual attitudes toward robots can be differentiated on the basis of default neural activity pattern during resting state, measured with electroencephalogram (EEG). Participants observed scenarios in which a humanoid robot was depicted performing various actions embedded in daily contexts. Before they were introduced to the task, we measured their resting state EEG activity. We found that resting state EEG beta activity differentiated people who were later inclined toward interpreting robot behaviors as either mechanistic or intentional. This pattern is similar to the pattern of activity in the default mode network, which was previously demonstrated to have a social role. In addition, gamma activity observed when participants were making decisions about a robot’s behavior indicates a relationship between theory of mind and said attitudes. Thus, we provide evidence that individual biases toward treating robots as either intentional agents or mechanistic artifacts can be detected at the neural level, already in a resting state EEG signal.

scholarly journals Sensorimotor cortical-subthalamic network dynamics during force generation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Alhourani ◽  
Anna Korzeniewska ◽  
Thomas A. Wozny ◽  
Witold J. Lipski ◽  
Efstathios D. Kondylis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Grip Force ◽  
Phase Locking ◽  
Motor Planning ◽  
Gamma Activity ◽  
Dynamic Scaling ◽  
Beta Activity ◽  
Cortical Dynamics ◽  
Gamma Range ◽  
Gamma Power

AbstractThe subthalamic nucleus (STN) is proposed to participate in pausing, or alternately, in dynamic scaling of behavioral responses, roles that have conflicting implications for understanding STN function in the context of deep brain stimulation (DBS) therapy. To examine the nature of event-related STN activity and subthalamic-cortical dynamics, we performed primary motor and somatosensory electrocorticography while subjects (n=10) performed a grip force task during DBS implantation surgery. The results provide the first evidence from humans that STN gamma activity can predict activity in the cortex both prior to and during movement, consistent with the idea that the STN participates in both motor planning and execution. We observed that STN activity appeared to facilitate movement: while both movement onset and termination both coincided with STN-cortical phase-locking, narrow-band gamma power was positively correlated with grip force, and event-related causality measures demonstrated that STN gamma activity predicted cortical gamma activity during movement. STN participation in somatosensory integration also was demonstrated by casual analysis. Information flow from the STN to somatosensory cortex was observed for both beta and gamma range frequencies, specific to particular movement periods and kinematics. Interactions in beta activity between the STN and somatosensory cortex, rather than motor cortex, predicted PD symptom severity. Thus, the STN contributes to multiple aspects of sensorimotor behavior dynamically across time.

scholarly journals A-050 Association between Executive Functioning Performance and Resting State Connectivity in Pediatric Survivors of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 840-840
Author(s):  
Seghatol-Eslami V ◽  
Stewart A ◽  
Tucker T ◽  
Lee E ◽  
Reddy K ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Left Dlpfc

Abstract Objective To explore differences between executive functioning (EF) and resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) of the executive control network (ECN) in survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) compared to healthy controls. Method ALL participants (age 9-18) from Children’s of Alabama Hospital were ≥ 5 years post-diagnosis treated with chemotherapy only. Eleven ALL survivors and twelve controls were administered the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function Scale (D-KEFS) and Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF-2) self- and parent report. Using seed-to-voxel rs-FC analyses, we examined ECN regions (e.g., medial and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex [MPFC; dlPFC]). Within group multiple regression analyses were conducted to correlate EF scores to rs-FC z-scores. Results No significant differences were found on EF scores between ALL and control groups. rs-FC analyses indicated ECN hyperconnectivity in ALL survivors compared to controls (p < .05, FDR corrected). In ALL survivors, significant positive correlation was found between the average of Inhibit and Shift scores on the BRIEF-2 self-report and the MPFC (r = .926, p = .024), and negative correlation between D-KEFS Verbal Fluency and left dlPFC (r = −.869, p = .012). In controls, significant negative correlation was found between D-KEFS Design Fluency and left dlPFC (r = −.671, p = .012). Conclusions ALL survivors show hyperconnectivity of the ECN that is also correlated with both subjective and objective measures of EF. However, EF task performance was not significantly different between the two groups. This may indicate increased utilization of network regions to overcome network disruption specific to the ALL group in order to perform similarly to peers.

A Preliminary Study of the Association Among Metacognition and Resting State EEG in Schizophrenia

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenifer L. Vohs ◽  
Bethany L. Leonhardt ◽  
Michael M. Francis ◽  
Daniel Westfall ◽  
Josselyn Howell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Gamma Activity ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Behavioral Correlates ◽  
Form Complex ◽  
Gamma Frequency ◽  
Gamma Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Gamma Power

Abstract. Metacognition refers to a spectrum of activities that range from the consideration of discrete mental experiences, such as a specific thought or emotion, to the synthesis of discrete perceptions into integrated representations of the self and others as unique agents in the world. Metacognitive deficits have been observed in schizophrenia and linked with a number of behavioral correlates and outcomes. Less is known however about the neural systems associated with such processes. Establishing the link between brain activity and metacognition therefore is an essential next step. Resting state electroencephalography (EEG) provides one possible avenue for investigating this link. EEG studies in schizophrenia suggest that the gamma frequency range may have functional significance and be related to the disturbed information processing often observed in the disorder. In the present investigation, we assessed metacognition among 20 individuals with prolonged schizophrenia using the Metacognition Assessment Scale Abbreviated, who also participated in resting state EEG recording. We hypothesized that gamma activity would be associated with those domains of metacognition that require the most integration to perform, Decentration and Mastery. We then examined the association among gamma power and each metacognitive domain. Additional exploratory analyses were conducted across a spectrum of EEG activity. We found that increased gamma activity at rest was linked with decreased decentration. This suggests that hyperactivity in the gamma range may index disrupted processing and integration, and ultimately the metacognitive processes needed to form complex ideas about oneself and others and to see the world from multiple perspectives. This link provides additional evidence of how the biological roots of schizophrenia may culminate in a disrupted life.

scholarly journals The human brain reveals resting state activity patterns that are predictive of biases in attitudes towards robots.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesco Willemse ◽  
Francesco Bossi ◽  
Jacopo Cavazza ◽  
Serena Marchesi ◽  
Vittorio Murino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Humanoid Robot ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Gamma Activity ◽  
Beta Activity ◽  
Eeg Signal ◽  
Intentional Agents ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg

The increasing presence of robots in society necessitates a deeper understanding into what attitudes people have toward robots. People may treat robots as mechanistic artifacts or may consider them to be intentional agents. This might result in explaining robots’ behavior as stemming from operations of the mind (intentional interpretation) or as a result of mechanistic design (mechanistic interpretation). Here, we examined whether individual attitudes toward robots can be differentiated on the basis of default neural activity pattern during resting state, measured with electroencephalogram (EEG). Participants observed scenarios in which a humanoid robot was depicted performing various actions embedded in daily contexts. Before they were introduced to the task, we measured their resting state EEG activity. We found that resting state EEG beta activity differentiated people who were later inclined toward interpreting robot behaviors as either mechanistic or intentional. This pattern is similar to the pattern of activity in the default mode network, which was previously demonstrated to have a social role. In addition, gamma activity observed when participants were making decisions about a robot’s behavior indicates a relationship between theory of mind and said attitudes. Thus, we provide evidence that individual biases toward treating robots as either intentional agents or mechanistic artifacts can be detected at the neural level, already in a resting state EEG signal.

scholarly journals Evaluating empathy in adolescents with conduct disorders

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 429-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Kostic ◽  
Milkica Nesic ◽  
Miodrag Stankovic ◽  
Olivera Zikic ◽  
Jasminka Markovic
Keyword(s):  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Conduct Disorders ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Reactivity Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Affective Empathy

Background/Aim. According to currently available data, there is no research dealing with evaluating empathy in adolescents with conduct disorders in our region. The aim of the research was to examine the differences in the severity of cognitive and affective empathy in adolescents with and with no conduct disorder, as well as to examine the relationship between cognitive and affective empathy and the level of externalization in adolescents with conduct disorder. Methods. This research was conducted on 171 adolescents, aged 15 to 18, using the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, Youth Self- Report and a Questionnaire constructed for the purpose of this research. Results. The results showed that adolescents with conduct disorder had significantly lower scores for Perspective Taking (t = 3.255, p = 0.001), Fantasy (t = 2.133, p = 0.034) and Empathic Concern (t = 2.479, p = 0.014) compared to the adolescents in the control group, while the values for Personal Distress (t = 1.818, p = 0.071) were higher compared to the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant. The study showed a statistically significant negative correlation between Perspective Taking and aggression (r = - 0.318, p = 0.003) and a negative correlation between Perspective Taking and the overall level of externalizing problems (r = -0.310, p = 0.004) in the group of adolescents with conduct disorder. Conclusion. This research contributes to better understanding of behavioral disorders in terms of individual factors, especially empathic reactivity. Preventive work with young people who have behavioral problems associated with empathy deficit disorder proved to be an important tool in preventing the development, or at least relieving the symptoms, of this ever more common disorder.

scholarly journals The Relation between Stress of Clinical Practice and Burnout among Nursing Students: The Mediation Effect of Spiritual Well-being

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-308
Author(s):  
Do Young Lee ◽  
Jin Kyoung Park ◽  
Mi Young Choi
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Mediating Effects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Spiritual Well Being ◽  
Practice Methods

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the factors that influence the clinical practice of nursing students and to identify the mediating effects of spiritual well-being in the relation between stress of clinical practice and burnout caused by clinical practice. Methods: Data were collected by self-report questionnaires targeting 420 nursing students in three nursing colleges located in Gyeonggi and Chungnam province. Results: Burnout of clinical practice according to general characteristics of the study subjects showed significant difference in religion (t=1.895, p=.049). Stress of clinical practice and burnout of clinical practice showed positive correlation (r=.42, p<.001), existential spiritual well-being showed negative correlation between stress of clinical practice (r=-.17, p<.001) and burnout of clinical practice (r=-.47, p<.001). In addition, religious spiritual well-being in spiritual well-being showed no mediating effects and existential spiritual well-being showed mediating effects between burnout in clinical practice stress. Conclusion: In order to alleviate the stress of clinical practice for burnout of clinical practice prevention of nursing students, solutions to improve the existential spiritual well-being will be required in the future.

scholarly journals A Mediator Effect of Social Support in the Association between Stress for College Life and Depression among Nursing Students

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-135
Author(s):  
Kyung Hee Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Nursing Intervention ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Self Report ◽  
College Life ◽  
Significant Mediator

Purpose: This study was conducted to determine the mediator effect of social support in the association between stress for college life and depression among nursing students. Methods: The participants of the study were 201 university students in A and C cities. Self-report questionnaires were used to measure the variables. In the data analysis, the SPSSWIN 25.0 program was utilized for descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, Sobel test and multiple regression analysis. Results: Mean scores of stress for college life, depression and social support were 2.56, 4.12 and 0.61, respectively. Stress for college life and depression showed a significant positive correlation (r=.60, p<.001), while depression and social support showed a significant negative correlation (r=-.46, p<.001). Lastly, stress for college life and social support showed a significant negative correlation (r=-.55, p<.001). The analysis of the mediator effect of social support in the association between stress for college life and depression showed that social support had a significant mediator effect. Conclusion: Among nursing students, social support may be a mediator in the association between stress for college life and depression. Therefore, strategies for nursing intervention to improve social support should be developed for nursing students.

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