Analyzing Moral Deliberation During Gameplay: Moral Foundations Theory as an Analytic Resource

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 917-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Fennewald ◽  
David Phelps
Keyword(s):  
Moral Theory ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
Moral Foundations ◽  
Moral Deliberation ◽  
Moral Foundations Theory ◽  
Multiplayer Games ◽  
Simulation Games ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Game Player

This article explores the role of interplayer moral conversation in multiplayer games with three subquestions: how to design and use games for morality research, how advances in moral theory can inform game-based research into morals, and how game-based research can inform moral theory. A long tradition has investigated morals using games such as Ultimatum and Dictator; however, this research often omits interplayer moral dialogue. Further, when moral foundations theory is accounted for, analysis of these games seems to investigate a narrow range of moral reasoning. In this methodological critique, we draw upon data from gameplay of a simulation of climate change debate and find a wide range of moral foundations through analysis of dialogue. Our analysis suggests that in-game player dialogue is a source of rich moral deliberation and potential for using simulation games as grounds for discovering new moral foundations.

Political Orientations and Morality Judgments in the Turkish Context: Considering the Roles of the Needs for Cognition and Recognition

2020 ◽  
pp. 003329411989990
Author(s):  
Burcu Tekeş ◽  
E. Olcay Imamoğlu ◽  
Fatih Özdemir ◽  
Bengi Öner-Özkan
Keyword(s):  
Need For Cognition ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Moral Foundations ◽  
Moral Foundations Theory ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Group Loyalty ◽  
Political Orientations ◽  
Collectivistic Culture

The aims of this study were to test: (a) the association of political orientations with morality orientations, specified by moral foundations theory, on a sample of young adults from Turkey, representing a collectivistic culture; and (b) the statistically mediating roles of needs for cognition and recognition in the links between political orientation and morality endorsements. According to the results (a) right-wing orientation and need for recognition were associated with all the three binding foundations (i.e., in-group/loyalty, authority/respect, and purity/sanctity); (b) right-wing orientation was associated with binding foundations also indirectly via the role of need for recognition; (c) regarding individualizing foundations, left-wing orientation and need for cognition were associated with fairness/reciprocity, whereas only gender was associated with harm/care; and (d) left-wing orientation was associated with fairness dimension also indirectly via the role of need for cognition. The cultural relevance of moral foundations theory as well as the roles of needs for cognition and recognition are discussed.

scholarly journals Moral Foundations of Welfare Attitudes: The Role of Moral Intuition and Reasoning in Pursuing Social Justice

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-83
Author(s):  
Andrej Findor
Keyword(s):  
Moral Foundations ◽  
Moral Foundations Theory ◽  
Welfare Policies ◽  
Related Research ◽  
Policy Attitudes ◽  
Research Programmes ◽  
Welfare Attitudes ◽  
Interdisciplinary Study

Abstract The article interconnects the research on welfare attitudes and welfare chauvinism with moral psychology in order to develop an interdisciplinary analytical approach designed for studying attitudes to welfare policies and potentially overcoming the divisions prevalent in many European democracies. It introduces Moral Foundations Theory (MFT) - an empirical approach to analysing intuitions, reasoning, and emotions constituting moral judgment - and outlines its understanding of competing versions of fairness and distributive justice. The potential contributions of MFT are exemplified on a case study situated in contemporary Slovakia which deals with two conflicting conceptions of fairness, as equity and as equality, embodied in the diverging attitudes towards an amendment to the Act on the Assistance in Material Need (2013). The article argues that MFT and related research programmes are irreplaceable components in an interdisciplinary study of the plurality of welfare policy attitudes. It also highlights the transformative potential of MFT and related research programmes in devising interventions aimed at changing (political) attitudes to welfare and reducing their polarisation.

scholarly journals Moral judgment of disparagement humor

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Koszałkowska ◽  
Monika Wróbel
Keyword(s):  
Moral Judgment ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Moral Foundations ◽  
Moral Foundations Theory ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Disparagement Humor

Abstract The aim of the present study was to analyze the link between the five moral codes proposed in the Moral Foundations Theory and moral judgment of disparagement humor. We presented racist, sexist, homophobic, religion-disparaging and neutral jokes to a group of 108 participants, asking them whether they found laughing at a particular joke moral or immoral. Additionally, participants rated the level of amusement and disgust evoked by each joke. We also measured participants’ moral foundations profiles (Care, Fairness, Loyalty, Authority, and Sanctity). The results confirmed that Care and Fairness were significantly linked to moral judgment of racist, sexist and homophobic jokes, whereas Loyalty, Authority and Sanctity were associated with moral judgment of religion-disparaging jokes. Moreover, these relationships were mediated by emotional responses of amusement and disgust (except for racist jokes, for which we observed no mediating role of amusement).

scholarly journals Mollusks as Indicators of the State of Soil and Water in Uzbekistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Izzatulaev ◽  
Kh. Boimurodov
Keyword(s):  
Narrow Range ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Meadow Steppe ◽  
Vital Activity ◽  
Hydromorphic Soil ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Soil And Water ◽  
Terrestrial Mollusks

The work examines the vital activity of mollusks. About 160 species of terrestrial mollusks have been identified in Uzbekistan. It has been established that 12 species of terrestrial mollusks live on the plains in the steppe serozem soils at heights. Psychromezobionts live in hydromorphic soil among turf and under stones. Typical and dark soils are home to over 20 species of mollusks. On brown, brown-mountain-forest, light-brown meadow-steppe soils, 4 species of endemic mollusks live. Brackish-water mollusks were also found, which are divided into eurygane, living in a wide range of water salinity, and stenohaline, living in a narrow range of water salinity. Mollusks-indicators of the type and condition of the soil have been determined. In conclusion, the author concludes that it is necessary to further study the species composition and indicator role of mollusks in Uzbekistan.

The role of temperature in the development of blue mould (Peronospora tabacina Adam) disease in tobacco seedlings. I. In leaves

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 597 ◽  
Author(s):  
AV Hill ◽  
S Green
Keyword(s):  
Narrow Range ◽  
Peronospora Tabacina ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
Blue Mould ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Strong Trend ◽  
Slow Development ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tobacco Seedlings

In tests over a wide range of temperature conditions the number of days from inoculation of plants of cv. Virginia Gold with conidia of Peronospora tabacina to appearance of blue mould symptoms in leaves varied from 4 to 12 days with conidia of strain APT1 and from 5 to 15 days with strain APT2. It was 4 to 14 days with strain APT2 on plants of cv. SO1. Initial death of leaves of cv. Virginia Gold occurred at 5–6 days after inoculation with APT1 but 3–4 days later when similar plants or cv. SO1 were inoculated with APT2. For each strain there was a strong trend toward similar leaf loss, and similar progressive development of leaf loss in treatments with the same night temperatures. For both strains, leaf losses developed most rapidly and were most severe at night temperatures of 16–24°C. The relatively slow development of APT2, except over a narrow range of temperatures, would limit its capacity for competing with APT1 and for producing epiphytotics.

Where’s your sense of humor? Political identity moderates evaluations of disparagement humor

2021 ◽  
pp. 136843022199879
Author(s):  
Hannah S. Buie ◽  
Thomas E. Ford ◽  
Andrew R. Olah ◽  
Catalina Argüello ◽  
Andrés Mendiburo-Seguel
Keyword(s):  
Political Identity ◽  
Moral Foundations ◽  
Moral Foundations Theory ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Sense Of Humor ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Disparagement Humor

Two experiments ( N = 449; 246 men, 198 women) examined how political identity moderates appreciation of disparagement humor that violates different moral foundations described in moral foundations theory. In Experiment 1, liberals evaluated memes violating the individualizing moral foundations as more offensive and less funny than conservatives, whereas conservatives rated memes violating the binding moral foundations as more offensive and less funny than liberals. Moreover, conservatives judged the memes across all experimental conditions more favorably than liberals because they more strongly endorse cavalier humor beliefs. Experiment 2 examined the mediating role of perceived personal moral violations. Specifically, liberals evaluate humor violating the individualizing foundations as more offensive than conservatives because they see it as a greater personal moral violation. Similarly, conservatives judged humor violating the binding foundations as more offensive compared to liberals because they see it as a greater personal moral violation.

scholarly journals Foundations of Morality in Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Atari ◽  
Jesse Graham ◽  
Morteza Dehghani
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods Research ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Romantic Partners ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Moral Foundations ◽  
Moral Foundations Theory ◽  
Moral Foundation ◽  
The Us

Most moral psychology research has been conducted in Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic (WEIRD) societies. As such, moral judgment, as a psychological phenomenon, might be known to researchers only by its WEIRD manifestations. Here, we start with evaluating Moral Foundations Theory (MFT) using the Moral Foundations Questionnaire, and follow up by building a bottom-up model of moral values, in Iran, a non-WEIRD, Muslim-majority, understudied cultural setting. In six studies (N = 1,945) we examine the structural validity of the Persian translation of the Moral Foundations Questionnaire, compare moral foundations between Iran and the US, conduct qualitative interviews regarding moral values, expand the nomological network of “Qeirat” as a culture-specific set of moral values, and investigate the pragmatic validity of “Qeirat” in Iranian culture. Our findings suggest an additional moral foundation in Iran, above and beyond the five foundations identified by MFT. Specifically, qualitative studies highlighted the role of “Qeirat” values in Iranian culture, which are comprised of guarding and protectiveness of female kin, romantic partners, broader family, and country. Significant cultural differences in moral values are argued in this work to follow from the psychological systems that, when brought to interact with particular socio-ecological environments, produce different moral structures. This evolutionarily-informed, cross-cultural, mixed-methods research sheds light on moral concerns and their cultural, demographic, and individual-difference correlates in Iran.

Attending to the Multidimensional Nature of Spirituality and Faith: Integrating Spiritual Development and Moral Foundations Theory

2021 ◽  
pp. 073989132098616
Author(s):  
Tyler S. Greenway
Keyword(s):  
Christian Education ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Spiritual Development ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
Moral Foundations ◽  
Moral Foundations Theory ◽  
Moral Intuitions ◽  
Psychological Study

The psychological study of spiritual development continues to grow in popularity, but definitions, theories, and frameworks related to this field often focus on a narrow range of qualities associated with spirituality. In the present article, the importance of integrating intuitive cognition—particularly moral intuitions—into models of spiritual development is considered, the implications of such cognition for spiritual development and Christian education are examined, and various limitations are noted.

Pluralistic morality and collective action: The role of moral foundations

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrizia Milesi ◽  
Augusta Isabella Alberici
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Moral Obligation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Moral Foundations ◽  
Moral Foundations Theory ◽  
Individual Rights ◽  
Group Efficacy ◽  
Identity Group ◽  
Action Intention

Starting from the pluralistic view of morality proposed by the moral foundations theory, this paper aims at highlighting the plurality of personal moral concerns that may drive people to collective action and at investigating how they are connected with other personal and group-based motivations to act (i.e., moral obligation, moral convictions, politicized group identity, group efficacy, and group-based anger). Moral foundations can be distinguished into individualizing foundations, aimed at protecting individual rights and well-being; and binding foundations, aimed at tightening people into ordered communities. We expected that collective action intention would be most strongly associated with an individualizing foundation in equality-focused movements, and with a binding foundation in conformity-focused ones. Four studies that examined activists of both liberal and conservative movements confirmed these expectations. The relevant foundations predicted collective action mainly through the mediation of moral obligation and politicized identity, but they also had some effects above and beyond them.

The Role of Task and Context in Preference Measurement

1996 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara A. Mellers ◽  
Alan D.J. Cooke
Keyword(s):  
Narrow Range ◽  
The Other ◽  
Preference Measurement ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Preference Rank ◽  
Preference Orders

The present studies show that preferences change systematically depending on the global context and the measurement task Subjects evaluated apartments described by monthly rent and distance to campus using two different tasks (choices and attractiveness ratings) in two different global contexts (one with a narrow range of rents and a wide range of distances, and the other with a wide range of rents and a narrow range of distances) With the task held constant, preference orders for the same pair of apartments reversed in the two different contexts Similarly, with the context held constant, preference orders for the same pair of apartments reversed in the two tasks Taken together, the effects are startling Out of 25 apartments common to all four conditions, the preference rank of the apartment that was most expensive and closest to campus ranged from the 28th percentile to the 80th percentile We argue that, in the present experiments, the global context influences the scale values (or the perceptions of the attributes), and the task influences the weights (or the psychological importance) of the attributes

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