The role of temperature in the development of blue mould (Peronospora tabacina Adam) disease in tobacco seedlings. I. In leaves

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 597 ◽  
Author(s):  
AV Hill ◽  
S Green
Keyword(s):  
Narrow Range ◽  
Peronospora Tabacina ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
Blue Mould ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Strong Trend ◽  
Slow Development ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tobacco Seedlings

In tests over a wide range of temperature conditions the number of days from inoculation of plants of cv. Virginia Gold with conidia of Peronospora tabacina to appearance of blue mould symptoms in leaves varied from 4 to 12 days with conidia of strain APT1 and from 5 to 15 days with strain APT2. It was 4 to 14 days with strain APT2 on plants of cv. SO1. Initial death of leaves of cv. Virginia Gold occurred at 5–6 days after inoculation with APT1 but 3–4 days later when similar plants or cv. SO1 were inoculated with APT2. For each strain there was a strong trend toward similar leaf loss, and similar progressive development of leaf loss in treatments with the same night temperatures. For both strains, leaf losses developed most rapidly and were most severe at night temperatures of 16–24°C. The relatively slow development of APT2, except over a narrow range of temperatures, would limit its capacity for competing with APT1 and for producing epiphytotics.

Fungicides for the control of tobacco blue mould in the field

1964 ◽  
Vol 4 (14) ◽  
pp. 236 ◽  
Author(s):  
RG Paddick
Keyword(s):  
Field Conditions ◽  
Peronospora Tabacina ◽  
Leaf Quality ◽  
Blue Mould ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Absolute

A wide range of fungicides and antibiotics was tested under field conditions for control of blue mould of tobacco (Peronospora tabacina Adam). Zineb and maneb, used at weekly intervals, have given consistently good results without adversely affecting leaf quality. Heavy atmospheric spore loads reduced the absolute affectiveness of the fungicides but the trend towards higher yields of saleable leaf was maintained. Best control throughout the season was obtained with zineb spray from transplanting to early January and subsequently zineb dust to the beginning of harvest. Results with maneb were not significantly different from those with zineb.

scholarly journals Mollusks as Indicators of the State of Soil and Water in Uzbekistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Izzatulaev ◽  
Kh. Boimurodov
Keyword(s):  
Narrow Range ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Meadow Steppe ◽  
Vital Activity ◽  
Hydromorphic Soil ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Soil And Water ◽  
Terrestrial Mollusks

The work examines the vital activity of mollusks. About 160 species of terrestrial mollusks have been identified in Uzbekistan. It has been established that 12 species of terrestrial mollusks live on the plains in the steppe serozem soils at heights. Psychromezobionts live in hydromorphic soil among turf and under stones. Typical and dark soils are home to over 20 species of mollusks. On brown, brown-mountain-forest, light-brown meadow-steppe soils, 4 species of endemic mollusks live. Brackish-water mollusks were also found, which are divided into eurygane, living in a wide range of water salinity, and stenohaline, living in a narrow range of water salinity. Mollusks-indicators of the type and condition of the soil have been determined. In conclusion, the author concludes that it is necessary to further study the species composition and indicator role of mollusks in Uzbekistan.

Glasshouse and field experiments on the control of tobacco blue mould

1963 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
BS Janes ◽  
J Kuiper
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Simple Procedure ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Peronospora Tabacina ◽  
Blue Mould ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Tobacco Seedlings

A simple procedure is described for the testing of chemicals against blue mould (Peronospora tabacina Adam) on tobacco seedlings in the glasshouse. Of approximate/y 500 chemicals tested, 17 gave mould control comparable to that of the standard (0.1 per cent w/v zineb), but a number of these were phytotoxic. In two field trials, zineb and ethylenethiuram monosulphide as dispersible powders or suspensions in white spraying oil base and N-p-tolyl dichloromaleimide as a dispersible powder, gave highly effective control early in the season, but later in the season, only zineb at 0.1 and 0.2per cent w/v gave effective control. Maneb, which was not tested in the field, later proved consistently superior to zineb in extensive glasshouse trials, and appeared to be the most promising compound for further investigation.

The role of temperature in the development of blue mould (Peronospora tabacina Adam) Disease in tobacco seedlings. III. The effect of pre-inoculation temperature and of shade on plant growth and disease development

1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 759 ◽  
Author(s):  
AV Hill ◽  
S Green
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Blue Mould ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Tobacco Seedlings ◽  
Higher Temperature

The spread and effect on plant growth of blue mould disease of tobacco was measured on cv. Virginia Gold and SO1 under controlled conditions. The factors considered were the effect of three pre-inoculation temperatures on response to post-inoculation temperature and the direct effects of shade under three temperature regimes. Different pre-inoculation temperatures did not modify significantly the response to inoculation at three post-inoculation temperatures. As post-inoculation temperature increased, the amount of stem mould decreased and the sizes of both healthy and inoculated plants increased. The effects of pre-inoculation temperature on plant growth persisted to the end of the experiments. Only for the stem length of healthy plants was there a significant interaction with post-inoculation temperature, and even then the stem length increased for all post-inoculation temperatures. Under the two higher temperature regimes shaded plants were smaller than unshaded. Shaded and unshaded plants held at the same temperature were equally susceptible to blue mould.

The role of temperature in the development of blue mould (Peronospora tabacina Adam.) disease in tobacco seedlings. II. Effect on plant growth

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 609 ◽  
Author(s):  
AV Hill
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Peronospora Tabacina ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Affected Plant ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tobacco Seedlings ◽  
Stem Necrosis

Healthy tobacco plants and tobacco plants inoculated with conidia of Peronospora tabacina were subjected to a wide range of temperature conditions. Two strains of the pathogen were used. Both affected plant growth, the greatest and most obvious effects being at night temperatures of 16–24°C. Growth, as measured by stem length, leaf number, and leaf size in plants inoculated with strain APT2, was limited by stem necrosis rather than by leaf necrosis. There was less stem necrosis at the higher day temperatures and fewer dead leaves at all temperature regimes, with strain APT2 than with APT1. At high day temperatures, stem necrosis tended to be restricted to the region of the external phloem, with consequently less severe effects on growth.

Analyzing Moral Deliberation During Gameplay: Moral Foundations Theory as an Analytic Resource

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 917-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Fennewald ◽  
David Phelps
Keyword(s):  
Moral Theory ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
Moral Foundations ◽  
Moral Deliberation ◽  
Moral Foundations Theory ◽  
Multiplayer Games ◽  
Simulation Games ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Game Player

This article explores the role of interplayer moral conversation in multiplayer games with three subquestions: how to design and use games for morality research, how advances in moral theory can inform game-based research into morals, and how game-based research can inform moral theory. A long tradition has investigated morals using games such as Ultimatum and Dictator; however, this research often omits interplayer moral dialogue. Further, when moral foundations theory is accounted for, analysis of these games seems to investigate a narrow range of moral reasoning. In this methodological critique, we draw upon data from gameplay of a simulation of climate change debate and find a wide range of moral foundations through analysis of dialogue. Our analysis suggests that in-game player dialogue is a source of rich moral deliberation and potential for using simulation games as grounds for discovering new moral foundations.

The Role of Task and Context in Preference Measurement

1996 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara A. Mellers ◽  
Alan D.J. Cooke
Keyword(s):  
Narrow Range ◽  
The Other ◽  
Preference Measurement ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Preference Rank ◽  
Preference Orders

The present studies show that preferences change systematically depending on the global context and the measurement task Subjects evaluated apartments described by monthly rent and distance to campus using two different tasks (choices and attractiveness ratings) in two different global contexts (one with a narrow range of rents and a wide range of distances, and the other with a wide range of rents and a narrow range of distances) With the task held constant, preference orders for the same pair of apartments reversed in the two different contexts Similarly, with the context held constant, preference orders for the same pair of apartments reversed in the two tasks Taken together, the effects are startling Out of 25 apartments common to all four conditions, the preference rank of the apartment that was most expensive and closest to campus ranged from the 28th percentile to the 80th percentile We argue that, in the present experiments, the global context influences the scale values (or the perceptions of the attributes), and the task influences the weights (or the psychological importance) of the attributes

scholarly journals Differentiating induced versus spontaneous subduction initiation using thermomechanical models and metamorphic soles

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Zhou ◽  
Ikuko Wada
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Plate Tectonics ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Slab Surface ◽  
Subduction Initiation ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Parameter Values

AbstractDespite the critical role of subduction in plate tectonics, the dynamics of its initiation remains unclear. High-temperature low-pressure metamorphic soles are vestiges of subduction initiation, providing records of the pressure and temperature conditions along the subducting slab surface during subduction initiation that can possibly differentiate the two end-member subduction initiation modes: spontaneous and induced. Here, using numerical models, we show that the slab surface temperature reaches 800–900 °C at ~1 GPa over a wide range of parameter values for spontaneous subduction initiation whereas for induced subduction initiation, such conditions can be reached only if the age of the overriding plate is <5 Ma. These modeling results indicate that spontaneous subduction initiation would be more favorable for creating high-temperature conditions. However, the synthesis of our modeling results and geological observations indicate that the majority of the metamorphic soles likely formed during induced subduction initiation that involved a young overriding plate.

The Problem of Identifying and Modeling the Relationship between Monetary Factor and Inflation in the Russian Economy

2008 ◽  
pp. 61-76
Author(s):  
A. Porshakov ◽  
A. Ponomarenko
Keyword(s):  
Money Supply ◽  
Money Demand ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Complex Approach ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Supply Side Factors

The role of monetary factor in generating inflationary processes in Russia has stimulated various debates in social and scientific circles for a relatively long time. The authors show that identification of the specificity of relationship between money and inflation requires a complex approach based on statistical modeling and involving a wide range of indicators relevant for the price changes in the economy. As a result a model of inflation for Russia implying the decomposition of inflation dynamics into demand-side and supply-side factors is suggested. The main conclusion drawn is that during the recent years the volume of inflationary pressures in the Russian economy has been determined by the deviation of money supply from money demand, rather than by money supply alone. At the same time, monetary factor has a long-run spread over time impact on inflation.

Introduction: Emotion, History and the Arts

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Sullivan ◽  
Marie Louise Herzfeld-Schild
Keyword(s):  
Historical Change ◽  
Carson Mccullers ◽  
Emotional Life ◽  
Review Section ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
War Correspondents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Johan Huizinga

This introduction surveys the rise of the history of emotions as a field and the role of the arts in such developments. Reflecting on the foundational role of the arts in the early emotion-oriented histories of Johan Huizinga and Jacob Burkhardt, as well as the concerns about methodological impressionism that have sometimes arisen in response to such studies, the introduction considers how intensive engagements with the arts can open up new insights into past emotions while still being historically and theoretically rigorous. Drawing on a wide range of emotionally charged art works from different times and places—including the novels of Carson McCullers and Harriet Beecher-Stowe, the private poetry of neo-Confucian Chinese civil servants, the photojournalism of twentieth-century war correspondents, and music from Igor Stravinsky to the Beatles—the introduction proposes five ways in which art in all its forms contributes to emotional life and consequently to emotional histories: first, by incubating deep emotional experiences that contribute to formations of identity; second, by acting as a place for the expression of private or deviant emotions; third, by functioning as a barometer of wider cultural and attitudinal change; fourth, by serving as an engine of momentous historical change; and fifth, by working as a tool for emotional connection across communities, both within specific time periods but also across them. The introduction finishes by outlining how the special issue's five articles and review section address each of these categories, while also illustrating new methodological possibilities for the field.

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