The Role of Task and Context in Preference Measurement

1996 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara A. Mellers ◽  
Alan D.J. Cooke
Keyword(s):  
Narrow Range ◽  
The Other ◽  
Preference Measurement ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Preference Rank ◽  
Preference Orders

The present studies show that preferences change systematically depending on the global context and the measurement task Subjects evaluated apartments described by monthly rent and distance to campus using two different tasks (choices and attractiveness ratings) in two different global contexts (one with a narrow range of rents and a wide range of distances, and the other with a wide range of rents and a narrow range of distances) With the task held constant, preference orders for the same pair of apartments reversed in the two different contexts Similarly, with the context held constant, preference orders for the same pair of apartments reversed in the two tasks Taken together, the effects are startling Out of 25 apartments common to all four conditions, the preference rank of the apartment that was most expensive and closest to campus ranged from the 28th percentile to the 80th percentile We argue that, in the present experiments, the global context influences the scale values (or the perceptions of the attributes), and the task influences the weights (or the psychological importance) of the attributes

scholarly journals Mollusks as Indicators of the State of Soil and Water in Uzbekistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Izzatulaev ◽  
Kh. Boimurodov
Keyword(s):  
Narrow Range ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Meadow Steppe ◽  
Vital Activity ◽  
Hydromorphic Soil ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Soil And Water ◽  
Terrestrial Mollusks

The work examines the vital activity of mollusks. About 160 species of terrestrial mollusks have been identified in Uzbekistan. It has been established that 12 species of terrestrial mollusks live on the plains in the steppe serozem soils at heights. Psychromezobionts live in hydromorphic soil among turf and under stones. Typical and dark soils are home to over 20 species of mollusks. On brown, brown-mountain-forest, light-brown meadow-steppe soils, 4 species of endemic mollusks live. Brackish-water mollusks were also found, which are divided into eurygane, living in a wide range of water salinity, and stenohaline, living in a narrow range of water salinity. Mollusks-indicators of the type and condition of the soil have been determined. In conclusion, the author concludes that it is necessary to further study the species composition and indicator role of mollusks in Uzbekistan.

scholarly journals The role of the leading exporters in the global soybean trade

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 277-285
Author(s):  
Claudia V. Montanía ◽  
Teresa Fernández-Núñez ◽  
Miguel A. Márquez
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
The Other ◽  
Global Context ◽  
International Prices ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Market Leader ◽  
Government Involvement ◽  
Main Factors

This paper examines the global soybean market in a holistic way, analyses the land use and other historical determinants of soybean exports, such as labour and capital endowments, soybean productivity, international prices and demand conditions through an empirical model. In addition, it pays particular attention to the role of leading exporters in the export changes and the nature of the connections between them in an interrelated system. The results suggest that the productivity per hectare and the land used to harvest soybeans are the main factors explaining soybean exports in a global context. The analysis also reveals that Brazil, the current market leader, positively influences the other exporters. On the contrary, minor exporters such as Ukraine, Paraguay, or Canada present competitive relationships with the major exporters. The nature of the relationships between the exporters and the pressure on natural resources highlight the importance of government involvement in developing joint strategies that ensure the growth of this sector and the achievement of United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.

Portentous arrangements: Bernard Herrmann and The Man Who Knew Too Much

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray Pomerance
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Film Production ◽  
Working Relationship ◽  
Television Programs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Symphonic Work ◽  
A Performance

While Herrmann's twenty-four successful and one failed collaboration with Hitchcock – including films and television programs – featured compositional scoring to some degree, Herrmann's work on The Man Who Knew Too Much (1956) is a peculiar deviation in the pattern of their regular working relationship because there are only a very small number of composed cues. The bulk of Herrmann's work on this film, which involved some considerable legal machinations, consisted of two very different kinds of contribution, each of which can tell us something about the composer's talents, diligence, and sensitivity to film production. On one hand he was called upon to arrange "received" music, and this in a wide range from Moroccan folk tunes to elaborate symphonic work, and including the traditionalist hymn, "The Portents." On the other, he became a member of the cast, on this one occasion only in his filmic work with Hitchcock, playing the role of a conductor at a performance in the Royal Albert Hall. This chapter argues that, since the overall score of the film is essentially an acoustic quilt, we find here evidence of a talent for assemblage and backgrounding that Herrmann does not have opportunity to show in his other work with Hitchcock.

The role of temperature in the development of blue mould (Peronospora tabacina Adam) disease in tobacco seedlings. I. In leaves

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 597 ◽  
Author(s):  
AV Hill ◽  
S Green
Keyword(s):  
Narrow Range ◽  
Peronospora Tabacina ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
Blue Mould ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Strong Trend ◽  
Slow Development ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tobacco Seedlings

In tests over a wide range of temperature conditions the number of days from inoculation of plants of cv. Virginia Gold with conidia of Peronospora tabacina to appearance of blue mould symptoms in leaves varied from 4 to 12 days with conidia of strain APT1 and from 5 to 15 days with strain APT2. It was 4 to 14 days with strain APT2 on plants of cv. SO1. Initial death of leaves of cv. Virginia Gold occurred at 5–6 days after inoculation with APT1 but 3–4 days later when similar plants or cv. SO1 were inoculated with APT2. For each strain there was a strong trend toward similar leaf loss, and similar progressive development of leaf loss in treatments with the same night temperatures. For both strains, leaf losses developed most rapidly and were most severe at night temperatures of 16–24°C. The relatively slow development of APT2, except over a narrow range of temperatures, would limit its capacity for competing with APT1 and for producing epiphytotics.

scholarly journals Role of Anti-Viral Drugs in Combating SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sweta Kamboj ◽  
Rohit Kamboj ◽  
Shikha Kamboj ◽  
Rohit Dutt ◽  
Reeva Chabbra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Antiviral Drugs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Pox ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Novel Virus

Viruses are the eventual assertion of parasitism, they not only take nutriments from the host cell, apart from that they direct its metabolic machinery to amalgamate novel virus particle and to diminish the ability of flu viruses to reproduce in an individual antiviral drugs are used. When used as directed, antiviral drugs may help to lessen the duration of flu symptoms and may reduce the severity of common flu symptoms. Antiviral drugs are the class of drugs which comes under the antimicrobials, and that also accommodates the larger group i.e. of antibiotics. They are broad-spectrum in nature and can be effective against a wide range of viruses. They can be used as a single drug as well as in combination of drugs. Antiviral drugs are dissimilar from the antibiotics, they do not demolish their target pathogen ideally they obstruct development of pathogen. To the greatest extent antiviral drugs currently accessible are delineate to deal with herpes viruses, covid-19, HIV, the hepatitis b and c viruses herpes simplex, small pox, picornavirus and influenza a and b viruses etc. Scientists are searching to drag out the range of antiviral to the other families of pathogens. They mainly act by inhibiting the attachment of viruses on cells, prevent genetic reproduction of virus, prevent viral protein production and vital for production of virus. The emanation of antiviral is generally the outcome about an appreciably expanded skills or proficiency of the generative, microscopic and atomic activity of organisms, allowing biomedical analyst to acknowledge the structure, mechanism of action and activity of viruses, significant progress within the procedure for come across the current drugs. Coronavirus 2019 (COVID 19) is highly infectious disease triggered by SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome) coronavirus 2 causing nearly 2.9 million deaths worldwide. With the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, the repurposing of antiviral drugs has come into picture.

scholarly journals The Role of Biochar and Soil Properties in Determining the Available Content of Al, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Cd in Soil

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 885
Author(s):  
Niguss Solomon Hailegnaw ◽  
Filip Mercl ◽  
Kateřina Pračke ◽  
Lukáš Praus ◽  
Jiřina Száková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Al Content ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Induced Changes

The purpose of the study was to understand the mechanisms of biochar-induced changes in the available content of aluminum (Al), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn) in a wide range of soils. Five soils from different regions of the Czech Republic were incubated for 12 weeks with four rates of biochar (0.5%, 2%, 4%, and 8% w/w). The available concentrations of Al, Cd, Zn, Cu, and Mn were determined on the 7th and 84th day of incubation. There was a significant decline in the available content of Al, Zn, Cu, Mn, and Cd except in the available content of Al in one soil, which is characterized by very low Al content, higher cation exchange capacity (CEC), and neutral pH = 7.0. The decline in the mobile contents of Al, Zn, Cu, Mn, and Cd was significant in all cases of 8% biochar rate. The decline in the content of Al, Zn, Cu, Mn, and Cd was mainly due to the increment in soil pH and increment in CEC, decline in dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and the release of exchangeable Ca2+ and K+ from biochar. The application of high amounts of biochar to soil could increase the available content of some metals like Al. On the other hand, biochar could efficiently reduce the mobility of Al, Zn, Cu, Mn, and Cd in soil, while the decline is mainly caused by biochar-induced changes in soil pH, CEC, DOC, and exchangeable Ca2+ and K+ content of treated soils.

scholarly journals Enfrentando la transnacionalización del cuidado: abuelas cuidadoras en un contexto de alta migración

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisela M. Bianchi Pernasilici ◽  
Yolanda González-Rábago ◽  
Gioia Piras
Keyword(s):  
High Mobility ◽  
The Other ◽  
Care Work ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
The One ◽  
Empirical Material

Introducción: En la actualidad la realización de las tareas de cuidado desempeña un papel significativo en el desarrollo de los proyectos migratorios. Así, el objetivo de este artículo es analizar el rol de las abuelas cuidadoras en los países de origen de la migración, que se quedan a cargo de sus nietos y nietas tras la emigración de los progenitores a España, haciendo hincapié en las estrategias de afrontamiento emocional y operativo de la transnacionalización del cuidado.Método: A través de entrevistas semi-estructuradas se analizan las percepciones que las abuelas tienen sobre su situación actual para detectar cuáles son las posibles consecuencias de la transnacionalización de los cuidados en los países de origen de la migración.Resultados: Por una parte se evidencia el papel significativo que juegan las abuelas en la reorganización del cuidado a causa de la emigración y, por otra, se ponen de manifiesto los aspectos subjetivos, experimentados por las entrevistadas, relativos a las transformaciones de las tareas y responsabilidades del cuidado en el seno de sus hogares tras la emigración de uno de sus miembros a España.Discusión o Conclusión: Se destaca, por una parte, el protagonismo de las mujeres en general, y en este caso de las abuelas, en la responsabilidad del cuidado de las personas dependientes y, por otra, la aparición de sentimientos y valoraciones ambivalentes sobre sus propias situaciones. Introduction: In nowadays global context, the care work plays an important role to understand migrations flows. The aim of this article is to analyse the role of grandmothers in a high mobility context, who are taking care for their grandchildren, after their parents´ emigration to Spain. Our focus will be on the strategies developed by them in order to face emotionally and functionally to the transnationalization of caring.Method: We analyzed the grandmothers´ perception of their own situation through semi-structured interviews, and we detected some consequences of the transnationalization of care in the migration’s origin countries.Results: The empirical material shows, on the one hand, the important role of grandmothers within the reorganization of care after the emigration and, on the other hand, the subjective aspects, experienced by interviewees, concerning the transformations of tasks and responsibilities of care in their homes because of the emigration of one of its members to Spain.Discussion or Conclusion: In this article we highlight, first, the role of women in general, and in this case of grandmothers, regarding care responsibilities and, second, the appearance of ambivalent feelings about their own situations.

scholarly journals THE EXPERIENCE OF THE WORLDS LEADING COUNTRIES IN IMPROVING THE MANAGEMENT OF COMMERCIAL BANKS AT THE PRESENT STAGE, CONTRIBUTIONS OF THIS EXPERIENCE TO THE BANKING SYSTEM OF AZERBAIJAN

InterConf ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
Ayvazli Aykhan Nizami
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Banking System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Trade Finance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Settlement Services ◽  
Financial Transactions

Banks are one of the indispensable elements of the financial system. Banks are enterprises that collect free funds from large economic units and use them in economic units that need money. Although this structure initially means an intermediary service, banks focus on both the role of attracting and offering funds beyond the intermediary service. By creating new investment instruments, banks are turning people's banking activities into a more customer-oriented structure by attracting people's interest. Increased connectivity leads banks to create and offer additional services in the field of financial transactions not only locally but also between countries. On the other hand, banks also offer services such as brokerage services, guarantee services, payment and settlement services, and guarantees for foreign trade finance. Today, banks continue to provide a wide range of services under the influence of technology. However, today the wide range of banking operations allows banks to become more profitable in the products they offer.

The Cenomanian-Turonian (late Cretaceous) radiation of marine squamates (Reptilia): the role of the Mediterranean Tethys

2008 ◽  
Vol 179 (6) ◽  
pp. 605-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Bardet ◽  
Alexandra Houssaye ◽  
Jean-Claude Rage ◽  
Xabier Pereda Suberbiola
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Bone Microstructure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Western Interior Seaway ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Large Predators

AbstractDuring the Cenomanian-Turonian interval, marine squamates display a spectacular radiation in particular on the margins of the Mediterranean Tethys and, to a lesser extent, in the Interior Seaway of North America. In this span of time, three major groups diversified: the “hind-limbed” snakes (“pachyophiids”), the “dolichosaurids”, and the mosasauroids. “Hind-limbed” snakes, exhibiting all a pachyostotic bony structure, were small tropical inhabitants, known exclusively from the Cenomanian of the Mediterranean Tethys. “Dolichosaurids” and mosasauroids were rather mid latitude distributed groups, found in a wide range of palaeoenvironments of both the Mediterranean Tethys and the Western Interior Seaway. Whereas “dolichosaurids” remain of small size and become rare after the Cenomanian/Turonian (C/T) boundary, mosasauroids exhibit a notable size-increase and develop since the mid Turonian to become highly diversified and cosmopolitan large predators of the end of the Cretaceous. This important radiation of marine squamates is thus, except for derived mosasauroids (mosasaurids), restricted in time (Cenomanian-Turonian) and space (mostly the northern and southern margins of the Mediterranean Tethys). It is probable that: 1) the Mediterranean Tethys played an important role in both the radiation and the dispersion of these marine squamates during the Cenomanian-Turonian interval; 2) certain major geological and biological events that characterize this pivotal period (i.e., global high sea-level stand and warm sea-surface temperatures allowing the development of large carbonated platforms) could have permitted this radiation; and 3) conversely, other factors occurring at or just after the C/T boundary (OAE2, sea-level and sea-surface temperature drops, marine extinctions including the demise of carbonated platforms) as well as factors inherent to each of the groups (mainly the size and bone microstructure) could have had an effect on and insured the success of the mosasaurids with respect to the other groups, whereas thereafter the radiation of snakes succeeded only in continental environments.

Stress Erythropoiesis and Genetic Regulation of Fetal Hemoglobin in Inherited Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 118 (21) ◽  
pp. 2401-2401
Author(s):  
Blanche P Alter ◽  
Philip S. Rosenberg ◽  
Thomas Day ◽  
Stephan Menzel ◽  
Neelam Giri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Marrow Failure ◽  
Fetal Hemoglobin ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stress Erythropoiesis ◽  
Alternative Allele ◽  
Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes ◽  
Major Interest ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Abstract 2401 Patients with inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IBMFS) frequently have manifestations of what has been called “stress erythropoiesis”. This includes macrocytosis (increased mean cell volume, MCV), increased fetal hemoglobin (Hb F) and erythropoietin (Epo) levels higher than predicted by the degree of anemia (red blood cell count, RBC). In patients with hemoglobinopathies (sickle cell disease, thalassemia, and hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin), Hb F levels are regulated by 3 quantitative trait loci (QTL), located at HBSIL-MYB on chromosome 6q, BCLIIA on chromosome 2p and XMN1-Gg representing HBB cluster on chromosome 11p. The role of these QTLs in the elevated Hb F levels in patients with an IBMFS has not been previously reported. Percent Hb F was measured by HPLC in blood from 97 untransplanted individuals with an IBMFS. Absolute Hb F (g/dL) was calculated by multiplication of Hb F% times total Hb in order to include data from transfused patients, and log-transformed to approximate a normal distribution. Epo levels were also log-transformed due to the wide range (8 to 1800 mU/mL). DNA was extracted from leukocytes, and candidate regions were amplified and genotyped by TaqMan. The candidate QTLs were evaluated by genotyping of tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): five for HBSIL-MYB, two for BCLIIA, and one for XMN1-Gg. Data were modeled using a generalized linear model (GLM), appropriate for data with a constant coefficient of variation. There were 31 patients with Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA), 35 with dyskeratosis congenita (DC), 25 with Fanconi anemia (FA), and 6 with Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS). Hb F was elevated in 70% of the total group of patients: 48% of DBA, 83% of DC, 76% of FA, and 83% of SDS. In the pooled group of 97 IBMFS patients, 68 (70%) had Hb F >1 % (upper limit of normal), 59 (61%) were macrocytic, 55 (57%) were anemic for age, and 70 (77%) had elevated Epo. The frequencies of heterozygosity or homozygosity for the alternative alleles for the QTLs were 50% for HBSIL-MYB, >90% for BCLIIA, and 52% for XMN1-Gg. The multivariate model for Hb F in the total goup of IBMFS included the alternative allele for the XMN1-Gg SNP (p = 0.04), younger age (p<0.001), male sex (p=0.04), and increased Epo (p<0.001). In this model, the alternative allele for the XMN1-Gg QTL was associated with a 32% increase in the level of Hb F. Subset analyses indicated that the strongest association of the XMN1-Gg QTL was in FA and DC (increased Hb F by 68% and 48% respectively, p-values 0.02 and 0.09) and had no effect in DBA (decreased Hb F by 18%, p = 0.6). Data including the other QTLs were not significant. These results suggest that the alternative allele at XMN1-Gg is associated with the increased level of Hb F in FA and DC, but not DBA, after adjustment for age, sex, and Epo level. A low level of Hb F should not exclude the diagnosis of an IBMFS in a patient who has other signs of stress erythropoiesis (anemia with increased MCV and Epo), since that patient may not have the variant allele associated with increased Hb F. The degree of elevation of Hb F in FA and DC depends on the alleles at the XMN1-Gg QTL. A strength of this study is the sample size of almost 100 patients with an IBMFS who are well-characterized. A limitation is that the number within each syndrome is still small; the role of the other QTLs may be identified in future larger studies. Of major interest is that this is the first study to show regulation of Hb F by the same QTL in FA and DC as the common hemoglobinopathies, thus linking Hb F regulation across disparate hematologic disorders. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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