scholarly journals Toward on integrally-formed knitted fabrics used for automotive seat cover

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 155892502110065
Author(s):  
Su Liu ◽  
Siyao Mao ◽  
Peihua Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Mathematical Relationship ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Cutting Method ◽  
Car Seat ◽  
3D Geometry ◽  
Superior Mechanical Properties ◽  
Industrial Textiles

Knitting forming is an advantage and distinguishing feature of knitting technology. The development of three-dimensional (3D) shaped technology and equipment, making knitted fabrics gradually developed from clothing domain to the industrial field. The automotive industry is one of the biggest markets for industrial textiles. Recently, most car seat covers in domestic market are made by cutting-and-sewing process, while, integrally-formed car seat covers are greatly far from commercial products. Therefore, this paper describes four knitting techniques for producing 3D shaped fabrics, and studies the knitting process of two types of 3D shaped geometries derived from car seat models. In present study, three-dimensional cutting method is used to unfold the two shapes in different ways and two knitting directions of one cutting method for individual 3D geometry are selected to knit on a Stoll computerized knitting machine. A mathematical relationship between 3D geometry and 2D unfolded shaping is established. After the shaping of each part is calculated, the program is made by the Pattern Preparation Unit and the knitting process is completed. The influence of two shaping techniques on the mechanical properties of the fully-fashioned fabric is evaluated, and it is found that compared with transferring-stitches technique, partial-knitting technique has superior mechanical properties. This study provides guides and references for the integrated automotive seat covers.

scholarly journals Effect of Structural Differences on the Mechanical Properties of 3D Integrated Woven Spacer Sandwich Composites

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4284
Author(s):  
Lvtao Zhu ◽  
Mahfuz Bin Rahman ◽  
Zhenxing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Sheet Thickness ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Sandwich Composites ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Industrial Textiles ◽  
Load Conditions

Three-dimensional integrated woven spacer sandwich composites have been widely used as industrial textiles for many applications due to their superior physical and mechanical properties. In this research, 3D integrated woven spacer sandwich composites of five different specifications were produced, and the mechanical properties and performance were investigated under different load conditions. XR-CT (X-ray computed tomography) images were employed to visualize the microstructural details and analyze the fracture morphologies of fractured specimens under different load conditions. In addition, the effects of warp and weft direction, face sheet thickness, and core pile height on the mechanical properties and performance of the composite materials were analyzed. This investigation can provide significant guidance to help determine the structure of composite materials and design new products according to the required mechanical properties.

Geometrical and mechanical modelings of dry relaxed slack plain knitted fabrics for the benefit of technical textile applications part II: Mechanical modeling induced by friction

2016 ◽  
Vol 87 (7) ◽  
pp. 853-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arif Kurbak
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Elasticity Theory ◽  
Mechanical Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Stable State ◽  
Geometrical Model ◽  
Knitted Fabric ◽  
Mechanical Modeling ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Plain Knitted Fabric

In this work, based on the geometrical model given in Part I, a mechanical model is created for dry relaxed slack plain knitted technical fabrics including the three-dimensional friction effects. The equilibrium of forces and moments applied on a loop are written by using the elasticity theory of thin rods. Through this model, it is shown that a dry relaxed plain knitted fabric can be in a stable state induced by friction. The application of the model was carried out on E-glass technical fabric, which was also used in Part I as its dimensional properties were obtained through the created geometrical model. In the current part, Part II, the mechanical properties of this fabric are obtained and discussed as an exemplary application.

scholarly journals Polysaccharide Based Scaffolds for Soft Tissue Engineering Applications

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay Tiwari ◽  
Rahul Patil ◽  
Pratap Bahadur
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Alginic Acid ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
Regenerative Processes ◽  
Superior Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scaffold Materials ◽  
Soft Tissue Engineering ◽  
Biological Aspects

Soft tissue reconstructs require materials that form three-dimensional (3-D) structures supportive to cell proliferation and regenerative processes. Polysaccharides, due to their hydrophilicity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, abundance, and presence of derivatizable functional groups, are distinctive scaffold materials. Superior mechanical properties, physiological signaling, and tunable tissue response have been achieved through chemical modification of polysaccharides. Moreover, an appropriate formulation strategy enables spatial placement of the scaffold to a targeted site. With the advent of newer technologies, these preparations can be tailor-made for responding to alterations in temperature, pH, or other physiological stimuli. In this review, we discuss the developmental and biological aspects of scaffolds prepared from four polysaccharides, viz. alginic acid (ALG), chitosan (CHI), hyaluronic acid (HA), and dextran (DEX). Clinical studies on these scaffolds are also discussed.

scholarly journals A Review on Filament Materials for Fused Filament Fabrication

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Arup Dey ◽  
Isnala Nanjin Roan Eagle ◽  
Nita Yodo
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Fundamental Knowledge ◽  
Concise Review ◽  
3D Geometry ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Am Processes

Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is one of the most popular additive manufacturing (AM) processes that utilize thermoplastic polymers to produce three-dimensional (3D) geometry products. The FFF filament materials have a significant role in determining the properties of the final part produced, such as mechanical properties, thermal conductivity, and electrical conductivity. This article intensively reviews the state-of-the-art materials for FFF filaments. To date, there are many different types of FFF filament materials that have been developed. The filament materials range from pure thermoplastics to composites, bioplastics, and composites of bioplastics. Different types of reinforcements such as particles, fibers, and nanoparticles are incorporated into the composite filaments to improve the FFF build part properties. The performance, limitations, and opportunities of a specific type of FFF filament will be discussed. Additionally, the challenges and requirements for filament production from different materials will be evaluated. In addition, to provide a concise review of fundamental knowledge about the FFF filament, this article will also highlight potential research directions to stimulate future filament development. Finally, the importance and scopes of using bioplastics and their composites for developing eco-friendly filaments will be introduced.

Modelling and characterization of textile structural composites: A review

1989 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 253-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
J-H Byun ◽  
T-W Chou
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Fabric Composites ◽  
Modelling Techniques ◽  
Braided Structure

The development of innovative fibre architecture, such as two- and three-dimensional woven fabrics and knitted fabrics, as well as braided structure, provides an attractive form of reinforcement for advanced composites. These new materials require new techniques in analysis and design in order to fully utilize their unique mechanical properties. Several analytical models for predicting the thermoelastic properties of two- and three-dimensional fabric composites are reviewed in this paper. The applicability and limitation of the modelling techniques are examined. Recent advancements in the characterization of mechanical properties of three-dimensional fabric composites are also presented. Overall, three-dimensionally braided, angle interlock and orthogonal interlock fabric composites have demonstrated significant improvement in damage tolerance.

Development and mechanical properties of three-dimensional flat-knitted fabrics with reinforcement yarns

2022 ◽  
pp. 152808372110460
Author(s):  
Jiangtao Tan ◽  
Gaoming Jiang ◽  
Zhe Gao ◽  
Pibo Ma ◽  
Peixiao Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Rapid Preparation ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Interlock Structure ◽  
Ultra High Molecular Weight ◽  
Stretching Process ◽  
Better Than

Three-dimensional (3D) flat-knitted fabrics have become a topic of interest in the field of composites in recent years because of the growing need for rapid preparation of complicated shape preforms. In order to improve the mechanical properties of 3D flat-knitted fabrics, two types of 3D flat-knitted fabrics with reinforcement yarn (FKFR) were developed using ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) yarn. Their basic structures were composed of plain structure and interlock structure with tuck stitch, respectively, and the reinforcement yarn was integrated into the fabric as the weft inlay. The tensile, bending, drape, and bursting properties of the two fabrics were characterized. Results showed that the basic structure of the fabric has impacted on the mechanical properties of the fabric significantly. The tensile and bending properties of the fabric with interlock structure were better than that of the fabric with plain structure. During the transverse stretching process, the surface structure of the fabric with interlock structure was more stable. Moreover, transverse yarn strength utilization of the fabric with interlock structure was 1.05, which reached the level of ordinary woven fabric. In addition, the bursting force of the fabric with excellent tensile properties was lower than that of the fabric with a plain structure because the latter has better extensibility.

Modeling of the Influence of Admixing and Prealloying on the Optimisation of Compressibility and Sinter-Hardenability of Steel Powders

2012 ◽  
Vol 706-709 ◽  
pp. 2107-2111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Giguère ◽  
Carl Blais
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Design Of Experiments ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Alloying Elements ◽  
Direct Quenching ◽  
Nickel Chromium ◽  
Superior Mechanical Properties

The automotive industry applies pressure on the PM industry to produce components with superior mechanical properties at minimum cost. In this regard, sinter-hardenable powders are particularly well suited since they allow direct quenching of components at the end of the sintering cycle, thus eliminating the extra steps required for heat treating. This paper presents the results of the modeling of the influence of admixing and/or prealloying on the optimization of compressibility and hardenability of sinter-hardenable steel powders. A first design of experiments (DOE) was used to optimize the chemical composition and to study the interactions between prealloyed elements (Nickel, Chromium, Molybdenum and Manganese) and admixed elements (Nickel, Chromium, Manganese and Copper) on hardenability and compressibility. A second DOE was generated based on the results obtained in the first series. Results show that among all of the examined alloying elements, only prealloyed nickel, chromium and molybdenum had a significant effect on compressibility and hardenability. Moreover, within the range of concentrations under study, the optimum sinter-hardenable powder had the following (prealloyed) chemistry: 1.5 wt-% Ni, 0.55 wt-% Cr and 1.25 wt-% Mo.

Biotemplated facile synthesis of three‐dimensional micro/nanoporous tin oxide: improving the flammable and mechanical properties of flexible PVC

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 828-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weihua Meng ◽  
Weihong Wu ◽  
Weiwei Zhang ◽  
Luyao Cheng ◽  
Yunhong Jiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Facile Synthesis

A Study on Utilization of Three-Dimensional Sensor Lip Image for Developing a Pronunciation Recognition System

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 50402-1-50402-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ing-Jr Ding ◽  
Chong-Min Ruan
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Automatic Speech Recognition ◽  
Feature Fusion ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Recognition System ◽  
Geometrical Characteristics ◽  
3D Geometry ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Disabled

Abstract The acoustic-based automatic speech recognition (ASR) technique has been a matured technique and widely seen to be used in numerous applications. However, acoustic-based ASR will not maintain a standard performance for the disabled group with an abnormal face, that is atypical eye or mouth geometrical characteristics. For governing this problem, this article develops a three-dimensional (3D) sensor lip image based pronunciation recognition system where the 3D sensor is efficiently used to acquire the action variations of the lip shapes of the pronunciation action from a speaker. In this work, two different types of 3D lip features for pronunciation recognition are presented, 3D-(x, y, z) coordinate lip feature and 3D geometry lip feature parameters. For the 3D-(x, y, z) coordinate lip feature design, 18 location points, each of which has 3D-sized coordinates, around the outer and inner lips are properly defined. In the design of 3D geometry lip features, eight types of features considering the geometrical space characteristics of the inner lip are developed. In addition, feature fusion to combine both 3D-(x, y, z) coordinate and 3D geometry lip features is further considered. The presented 3D sensor lip image based feature evaluated the performance and effectiveness using the principal component analysis based classification calculation approach. Experimental results on pronunciation recognition of two different datasets, Mandarin syllables and Mandarin phrases, demonstrate the competitive performance of the presented 3D sensor lip image based pronunciation recognition system.

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