Modelling and characterization of textile structural composites: A review

1989 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 253-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
J-H Byun ◽  
T-W Chou
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Fabric Composites ◽  
Modelling Techniques ◽  
Braided Structure

The development of innovative fibre architecture, such as two- and three-dimensional woven fabrics and knitted fabrics, as well as braided structure, provides an attractive form of reinforcement for advanced composites. These new materials require new techniques in analysis and design in order to fully utilize their unique mechanical properties. Several analytical models for predicting the thermoelastic properties of two- and three-dimensional fabric composites are reviewed in this paper. The applicability and limitation of the modelling techniques are examined. Recent advancements in the characterization of mechanical properties of three-dimensional fabric composites are also presented. Overall, three-dimensionally braided, angle interlock and orthogonal interlock fabric composites have demonstrated significant improvement in damage tolerance.

scholarly journals Development and Multiscale Characterization of 3D Warp Interlock Flax Fabrics with Different Woven Architectures for Composite Applications

Fibers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henri Lansiaux ◽  
Damien Soulat ◽  
François Boussu ◽  
Ahmad Rashed Labanieh
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Flax Fiber ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Mechanical Tensile

Multiscale characterization of the textile preform made of natural fibers is an indispensable way to understand and assess the mechanical properties and behavior of composite. In this study, a multiscale experimental characterization is performed on three-dimensional (3D) warp interlock woven fabrics made of flax fiber on the fiber (micro), roving (meso), and fabric (macro) scales. The mechanical tensile properties of the flax fiber were determined by using the impregnated fiber bundle test. The effect of the twist was considered in the back-calculation of the fiber stiffness to reveal the calculation limits of the rule of mixture. Tensile tests on dry rovings were carried out while considering different twist levels to determine the optimal amount of twist required to weave the flax roving into a 3D warp interlock. Finally, at fabric-scale, six different 3D warp interlock architectures were woven to understand the role of the architecture of binding rovings on the mechanical properties of the dry 3D fabric. The results reveal the importance of considering the properties of the fiber and roving at these scales to determine the more adequate raw material for weaving. Further, the characterization of the 3D woven structures shows the preponderant role of the binding roving on their structural and mechanical properties.

Multiaxis three-dimensional weaving for composites: A review

2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (7) ◽  
pp. 725-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kadir Bilisik
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Layer Sequence ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Unit Cells ◽  
End Use ◽  
3D Woven Fabrics ◽  
3D Weaving

The aim of this study is to review three-dimensional (3D) fabrics and a critical review is especially provided on the development of multiaxis 3D woven preform structures and techniques. 3D preforms are classified based on various parameters depending on the fiber sets, fiber orientation and interlacements, and micro–meso unit cells and macro geometry. Biaxial and triaxial two-dimensional (2D) fabrics have been widely used as structural composite parts in various technical areas. However, they suffer delamination between their layers due to the lack of fibers. 3D woven fabrics have multiple layers and no delamination due to the presence of Z-fibers. However, the 3D woven fabrics have low in-plane properties. Multiaxis 3D knitted fabrics have no delamination and their in-plane properties are enhanced due to the ±bias yarn layers. However, they have limitations regarding multiple layering and layer sequences. Multiaxis 3D woven fabrics have multiple layers and no delamination due to Z-fibers and in-plane properties enhanced due to the ±bias yarn layers. Also, the layer sequence can be arranged based on end-use requirements. However, the multiaxis 3D weaving technique is at an early stage of development and needs to be fully automated. This will be a future technological challenge in the area of multiaxis 3D weaving.

The Axial Warp-Knitted Fabric and its Reinforced Composite

2011 ◽  
Vol 332-334 ◽  
pp. 837-840
Author(s):  
Yi Hua Bu ◽  
Yan Feng ◽  
Hua Wu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Knitted Fabric ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Unique Structure ◽  
Reinforced Composite ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Warp Knitted Fabric ◽  
Composite Reinforcement

The structure and performance of the axial warp-knitted composite were introduced, including bi-axial and multi-axial organizations. According to the unique structure of this fabric, the mechanical properties and the advantages as a composite reinforcement were compared with regular staple woven fabrics. The advantages of composites reinforced by bi-axial and multi-axial knitted fabrics were discussed and the applications of such advanced materials were briefly presented.

scholarly journals Mechanical Characterization of Timber-to-Timber Composite (TTC) Joints with Self-Tapping Screws in a Standard Push-Out Setup

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 6534
Author(s):  
Chiara Bedon ◽  
Martina Sciomenta ◽  
Massimo Fragiacomo
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Characterization ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Timber Constructions ◽  
Technical Interest ◽  
Push Out

Self-tapping screws (STSs) can be efficiently used in various fastening solutions for timber constructions and are notoriously able to offer high stiffness and load-carrying capacity, compared to other timber-to-timber composite (TTC) joint typologies. The geometrical and mechanical characterization of TTC joints, however, is often hard and uncertain, due to a combination of various influencing parameters and mechanical aspects. Among others, the effects of friction phenomena between the system components and their reciprocal interaction under the imposed design loads can remarkably influence the final estimates on structural capacity, in the same way of possible variations in the boundary conditions. The use of Finite Element (FE) numerical models is well-known to represent a robust tool and a valid alternative to costly and time consuming experiments and allows one to further explore the selected load-bearing components at a more refined level. Based on previous research efforts, this paper presents an extended FE investigation based on full three-dimensional (3D) brick models and surface-based cohesive zone modelling (CZM) techniques. The attention is focused on the mechanical characterization of small-scale TTC specimens with inclined STSs having variable configurations, under a standard push-out (PO) setup. Based on experimental data and analytical models of literature, an extended parametric investigation is presented and correlation formulae are proposed for the analysis of maximum resistance and stiffness variations. The attention is then focused on the load-bearing role of the steel screws, as an active component of TTC joints, based on the analysis of sustained resultant force contributions. The sensitivity of PO numerical estimates to few key input parameters of technical interest, including boundaries, friction and basic damage parameters, is thus discussed in the paper.

scholarly journals THREE-DIMENSIONAL RELIEF AND MATERIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE TEMPIO-MASSERIA DEL GIGANTE IN CUMAE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaele Amore ◽  
FEDERICA CARANDENTE
Keyword(s):  
Material Characterization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
Campi Flegrei ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
Modelling Techniques ◽  
Eastern Border ◽  
The Temple

The following paper describes the work originated from a University exercise drill, made during the Restoration Lab of the architecture Department of the Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II. It shows the results of a relief and metric characterisation campaign of the ‘Masseria del Gigante' (Giant’s Farmhouse) Temple, in Cumae, in the Naples province. This is a rural building from the XVIII century, built and extended by incorporating the rests of the cell of an ancient temple from the Flavian Age, located at the eastern border of Cumae lower city’s Foro, that was called “del Gigante” (of the Giant), because a large Jupiter’s bust was found in its proximities. Well known in the world of antiquarian dealers, it was pictured in many drawings and landscape paintings since the end of the XVII century and the first half of the XVIII, the Masseria Temple taken into exam has been acquired by the public domain only at the end of the 1990, so only after this period the first archaeological investigations were made. Afterwards, between 1996 and 2002, conspicuous restoration and securing works were made. Today the structure is used as a temporary deposit for archaeological findings and it’s among the buildings included in a wider restoration and re-functionalization project that has been proposed by the Campi Flegrei Archaeological Park and that is now about to start. The following research was developed from the structure’s relief made with photo-modelling techniques and it aimed to identify the construction methodologies and the degrading phenomena in place, with special regards to the identification of the ancient parts of the Temple, of those pertaining the conversion in a farmhouse and, lastly,, those realised during the aforementioned restoration works.

Characterization of the Naked Mole Rat Incisors: Chemical Composition, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Hongyan Qi ◽  
Guixiong Gao ◽  
Huixin Wang ◽  
Yunhai Ma ◽  
Hubiao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Lamellar Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Inorganic Matter ◽  
Mole Rat ◽  
Naked Mole Rat ◽  
Reticular Structure

The naked mole rat incisors (NMRI) exhibit excellent mechanical properties, which makes it a good prototype for design and fabrication of bionic mechanical systems and materials. In this work, we characterized the chemical composition, microstructure and mechanical properties of NMRI, and further compared these properties with the laboratory rat incisors (LRI). We found that (1) Enamel and dentin are composed of organic matter, inorganic matter and water. The ratio of Ca/P in NMRI enamel is higher than that of LRI enamel. (2) The dentin has a porous structure. The enamel has a three-dimensional reticular structure, which is more complex, regular and denser than the lamellar structure of LRI enamel. (3) Enamel has anisotropy. Its longitudinal nano-hardness is greater than that of transverse nano-hardness, and both of them are higher than that of LRI enamel. Their nano-hardness and elastic modulus increase with the increment of distance from the enamel-dentin boundary. The nano-hardness of dentin is smaller than that of enamel. The chemical composition and microstructure are considered to be the reasons for the excellent properties of NMRI. The chemical composition and unique microstructure can provide inspiration and guidelines for the design of bionic machinery and materials.

Characterization of interconnectivity of gelatin methacrylate hydrogels using photoacoustic imaging

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenxiu Zhao ◽  
Haibo Yu ◽  
Zhixing Ge ◽  
Xiaoduo Wang ◽  
Yuzhao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Photoacoustic Imaging ◽  
Three Dimensional

Hydrogels can provide a three-dimensional microenvironment for cells and thus serve as an extracellular matrix in a biofabrication process. The properties of hydrogels, such as their porosity and mechanical properties,...

Mechanical Properties of Open-Cell Cellular Structures With Rhombic Dodecahedron Cells

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahab Babaee ◽  
Babak Haghpanah Jahromi ◽  
Amin Ajdari ◽  
Hamid Nayeb-Hashemi ◽  
Ashkan Vaziri
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Single Unit ◽  
Cellular Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Small Deformation ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Open Cell ◽  
Principal Directions

We present a series of analytical models and finite element results (FE) for special 3-D open cellular foam to determine the effective material properties of a 3D rhombic dedecahedron open-cell cellular structure. The analytical approach is based on minimizing the total energy associated with small deformation of a single unit cell of the cellular structure. The finite element models were developed for both a single unit cell and three dimensional foam structure and used to obtain the mechanical properties in all three principal directions.

Fabrication and Characterization of Porous TiB2 Ceramic with Three-Dimensional Interconnected Skeleton

2007 ◽  
Vol 336-338 ◽  
pp. 1076-1079
Author(s):  
Chang Qing Hong ◽  
Jie Cai Han ◽  
Xing Hong Zhang ◽  
He Xin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Pressureless Sintering ◽  
Neck Growth ◽  
Selective Heating ◽  
Fabrication And Characterization ◽  
Tib2 Particles

Porous TiB2 ceramics with a three-dimensional interconnected skeleton were fabricated by high temperature pressureless sintering from fine TiB2 powders. The microstructure of the porous TiB2 ceramic was characterized by the enhanced neck growth between the initially touching particles. This neck growth was ascribed to the selective heating of TiB2 particles with different dimension. The porous structure prepared by the high-temperature sintering exhibited higher bending strength and fracture toughness in the present experiment. The improved mechanical properties of the sintered composites were attributable to the enhanced neck growth by surface diffusion.

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