scholarly journals Effects of Soy Infant Formula on Growth and Development in the First Year of Life

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-253
Author(s):  
Thomas Badger
Keyword(s):  
Infant Formula ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Of Life

scholarly journals Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Prebiotic Enriched Infant Formula—A Randomized Controlled Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1276
Author(s):  
Franka Neumer ◽  
Orenci Urraca ◽  
Joaquin Alonso ◽  
Jesús Palencia ◽  
Vicente Varea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infant Formula ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
First Year ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Intention To Treat ◽  
Prebiotic Oligosaccharides ◽  
First Year Of Life

The present study aims to evaluate the effects of an infant formula supplemented with a mixture of prebiotic short and long chain inulin-type oligosaccharides on health outcomes, safety and tolerance, as well as on fecal microbiota composition during the first year of life. In a prospective, multicenter, randomized, double-blind study, n = 160 healthy term infants under 4 months of age were randomized to receive either an infant formula enriched with 0.8 g/dL of Orafti®Synergy1 or an unsupplemented control formula until the age of 12 months. Growth, fever (>38 °C) and infections were regularly followed up by a pediatrician. Digestive symptoms, stool consistency as well as crying and sleeping patterns were recorded during one week each study month. Fecal microbiota and immunological biomarkers were determined from a subgroup of infants after 2, 6 and 12 months of life. The intention to treat (ITT) population consisted of n = 149 infants. Both formulae were well tolerated. Mean duration of infections was significantly lower in the prebiotic fed infants (p < 0.05). The prebiotic group showed higher Bifidobacterium counts at month 6 (p = 0.006), and higher proportions of Bifidobacterium in relation to total bacteria at month 2 and 6 (p = 0.042 and p = 0.013, respectively). Stools of infants receiving the prebiotic formula were softer (p < 0.05). Orafti®Synergy1 tended to beneficially impact total daily amount of crying (p = 0.0594). Supplementation with inulin-type prebiotic oligosaccharides during the first year of life beneficially modulates the infant gut microbiota towards higher Bifidobacterium levels at the first 6 months of life, and is associated with reduced duration of infections.

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF NEGRO INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Roland B. Scott ◽  
Angella D. Ferguson ◽  
Melvin E. Jenkins ◽  
Fred F. Cutter
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Private Practice ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
First Year ◽  
Daily Care ◽  
Patterns Of Behavior ◽  
First Year Of Life

The time of occurrence of 12 neuromuscular patterns of behavior in the development of 2 groups of Negro infants from different socio-economic levels during the first year of life is presented. The Negro infants from the clinic showed acceleration over the Negro infants from private practice in their development from the 8th to the 35th week of life, after which time, the development of the 2 groups was essentially the same. The Negro infants as a group showed acceleration in their development when compared with a group of white infants studied in a similar manner by Aldrich except in 2 patterns, "smiling" and "vocalization." A marked similarity was noted during the first 30 weeks of life in the development of the white and Negro infants from private practice whose socio-economic backgrounds were substantially similar. The differences and similarities observed in the neuromuscular behavior in the 3 groups studied may be attributed mainly to environmental factors. The observed acceleration in the Negro infants is apparently an expression of greater permissiveness in daily care as practiced by the mothers or mother substitutes in the lower socio-economic classes.

scholarly journals Growth and development of the wild-growing subshrub Salsola orientalis SG Gmel. in culture under conditions of the Central Asian desert

2021 ◽  
Vol 901 (1) ◽  
pp. 012035
Author(s):  
E Z Shamsutdinova ◽  
Z Sh Shamsutdinov
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Life Form ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
First Year ◽  
Ecological Stability ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Forage Value ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Degraded Pastures

Abstract In terms of life form Salsola orientalis S.G. Gmel. is a semi-shrub; its height reaches 40–60 cm; in terms of ecology, it is a haloxerophyte, extremely resistant to salt stress, air, and soil droughts. Salsola orientalis is a highly nutritious forage plant containing up to 20% protein in the budding phase. High resistance to environmental stress and good forage value allow us to consider it as a promising plant – its introduction into culture allowed restoring the forage productivity of degraded pastures in the Central Asian desert. The features of growth and development of Salsola orientalis were studied for ecological and biological characteristics and the possibility of introducing it into culture. It was found that the laboratory germination of seeds of the wild-growing half-shrub Salsola orientalis was quite high – 20–60%; field germination was very low – 0.1–1.7%. The survival rate of seedlings in young plants depends on environmental conditions and plant density. Under conditions of the Central Asian desert the plants basically die in the first year, especially in the germination phase; in the second year we registered insignificant losses; in subsequent years the number of plants stabilized. Salsola orientalis was found to be a fast growing plant, forming a normal half-shrub in the first year of life. The high ecological stability of Salsola orientalis in combination with its deeply penetrating and powerfully developed root system ensures vigorous and rapid growth. Under conditions of the Central Asian desert Salsola orientalis yields 1.3–1.7 t/ha of dry fodder mass, which is 4–5 times higher than the fodder productivity of natural desert pastures.

Women As Mothers and Grandmothers

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANGELA B. MCBRIDE ◽  
CHERYL PROHASKA SHORE
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
First Year ◽  
Role Development ◽  
Maternal Role ◽  
Traditional Family ◽  
The Past ◽  
Almost All ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Made In

This chapter analyzes the literature on women as mothers; research reports published between January 1985 and December 1999 were reviewed. As in the past, almost all of the extant studies analyzed the experience of mothers in their children’s first year of life. Although therapeutic suggestions were made in many studies, relatively few interventions have been implemented and evaluated. More studies are needed that go beyond traditional family forms and that explore mothers’ role development over the full course of their children’s growth and development. Additional longitudinal research that views maternal role development as a process is indicated.

scholarly journals Eating Patterns and Food Choices of Latvian Infants during Their First Year of Life

Medicina ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inga Sirina ◽  
Ieva Strele ◽  
Inese Siksna ◽  
Dace Gardovska
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Complementary Food ◽  
First Year ◽  
Complementary Foods ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Breastfeeding Rate ◽  
First Year Of Life

Introduction: Pregnancy, infancy, and early childhood are periods of rapid growth and development. The role of nutrition is very important during these critical growth and development periods. The aim of the study was to investigate infant feeding practices through the first year of life in Latvia, and to compare feeding practices with nutritional guidelines in Latvia and other European countries. Methods: We analysed cross-sectional study data from food frequency questionnaires with additional questions on breastfeeding and complementary feeding introduction. A total of 266 infants from all Latvian regions from birth to 1-year-old were included in the study. Breastfeeding rates were assessed by month of age. Complementary feeding was assessed using three age groups (0–3.9 months, 4–6.9 months, and 7–12.9 months), whereas two groups were used to assess food frequency and portion sizes (0–5.9 months and 6–12.9 months). Results: The breastfeeding rate during the first month of life was 89%. At 6 months, 68% of infants received breast milk, but by 12 months, only 45% still received breast milk. Complementary foods were introduced at a mean age of 5 months (standard deviation = 1). Before 4 months of age, 9% of infants were receiving complementary food, the majority (85%) between 4 and 6 months of age. There were 6% of infants who were introduced to complementary foods after 7 months of age. First complementary food choices were mainly porridge (64%), vegetables (21%), and fruits (10%). After 6 months of age, foods from almost all food groups were present in each infant diet at least once per day, such as vegetables (85%), potatoes (85%), fruits (81%), dairy (78%), and meat (73%), less than once per day—grains (88%), fats (73%), cow’s milk (66%), eggs (45%), fish (36%), and legumes (28%). Conclusion: Breastfeeding rate during first months of life is high in Latvia. Breastfeeding was sustained at the age of 6 months, in the highest rate among Baltic countries. However, only 45% continued breastfeeding at the age of 12 months, in accordance with WHO recommendations. A guideline on complementary feeding is followed by the majority of parents. There are deviations from guidelines in inclusion of some foods in the diet and frequency of consumption.

scholarly journals Growth and development of very-low-birth-weiGht infants in first year of life

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
Galina a. alyamovskaya ◽  
◽  
ElEna s. kEshishian ◽  
ElEna s. sakharova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
First Year ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
First Year Of Life

Letters to the Editor

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-158
Author(s):  
Norman Tinanoff
Keyword(s):  
American Academy ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
First Year ◽  
Infant Formulas ◽  
Letters To The Editor ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽  
Oral Biol ◽  
First Year Of Life

There is presently some difficulty with fluoride supplementation for a child in the first year of life. The American Academy of Pediatrics regimen for supplemental fluorides produced mild fluorosis in some subjects (Aasenden R, Peebles IC: Arch Oral Biol 19:321-326, 1974), and infant formulas may presently have variable amounts of fluorides. See Table in the PDF File This regimen is needed only in areas that do not have optimally fluoridated water, and when infants are ingesting commercial infant formula, no supplementation may be necessary.

Public Health Impact of Breastfeeding

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Binns ◽  
Mi Kyung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Infant Nutrition ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
First Year ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Agenda ◽  
First Year Of Life

Breastfeeding is one of the best public health “buys” available for countries at all levels of development. In the first year of life, appropriate infant nutrition (exclusive breastfeeding to around 6 months) reduces infant mortality and hospital admissions by 50% or more. Early life nutrition has important influences, including on childhood illnesses, obesity, cognitive development, hospitalizations, and later chronic disease. Breastfeeding is consistent with the historical cultural practices of all societies, and its benefits of breastfeeding last a lifetime. While the development of infant formula has been of benefit to some infants, its inappropriate promotion has resulted in a decline of breastfeeding, and, as a result, health gains in many countries have not been as great as they could have been. The health benefits of breastfeeding will provide some protection against the effects of climate change, which will cause a decline in potable water supplies and increases in the incidence of some infections. Infant formula production has very high environmental costs, while breastfeeding as well as being the best infant feeding intervention also has very low environmental impact. An important part of the sustainable development agenda must be to promote breastfeeding and its benefits and to reverse the inappropriate promotion and use of infant formula.

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