Women As Mothers and Grandmothers

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANGELA B. MCBRIDE ◽  
CHERYL PROHASKA SHORE
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
First Year ◽  
Role Development ◽  
Maternal Role ◽  
Traditional Family ◽  
The Past ◽  
Almost All ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Made In

This chapter analyzes the literature on women as mothers; research reports published between January 1985 and December 1999 were reviewed. As in the past, almost all of the extant studies analyzed the experience of mothers in their children’s first year of life. Although therapeutic suggestions were made in many studies, relatively few interventions have been implemented and evaluated. More studies are needed that go beyond traditional family forms and that explore mothers’ role development over the full course of their children’s growth and development. Additional longitudinal research that views maternal role development as a process is indicated.

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF NEGRO INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Roland B. Scott ◽  
Angella D. Ferguson ◽  
Melvin E. Jenkins ◽  
Fred F. Cutter
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Private Practice ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
First Year ◽  
Daily Care ◽  
Patterns Of Behavior ◽  
First Year Of Life

The time of occurrence of 12 neuromuscular patterns of behavior in the development of 2 groups of Negro infants from different socio-economic levels during the first year of life is presented. The Negro infants from the clinic showed acceleration over the Negro infants from private practice in their development from the 8th to the 35th week of life, after which time, the development of the 2 groups was essentially the same. The Negro infants as a group showed acceleration in their development when compared with a group of white infants studied in a similar manner by Aldrich except in 2 patterns, "smiling" and "vocalization." A marked similarity was noted during the first 30 weeks of life in the development of the white and Negro infants from private practice whose socio-economic backgrounds were substantially similar. The differences and similarities observed in the neuromuscular behavior in the 3 groups studied may be attributed mainly to environmental factors. The observed acceleration in the Negro infants is apparently an expression of greater permissiveness in daily care as practiced by the mothers or mother substitutes in the lower socio-economic classes.

The Multiple Forms of Neurofibromatosis

1982 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 293-298
Author(s):  
Vincent M. Riccardi
Keyword(s):  
First Year ◽  
Multiple Forms ◽  
Tay Sachs Disease ◽  
Marked Variability ◽  
Heritable Disorder ◽  
Basic Biology ◽  
Self Help Groups ◽  
Almost All ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Huntington Chorea

Von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis (NF)1 has multiple forms in several senses. First, there is the matter of heterogeneity: There is more than one disease designated by the term NF, for example "classical" NF as originally described by Von Recklinghausen2 and "acoustic" NF characterized by bilateral acoustic neunomas.3,4 Second, there is the matter of marked variability in the overall severity and progression of classical NF, the disorder to be considered in this review. NF can cause serious problems, and even death in the newborn period,5 or be associated with only a relatively mild or modest burden into the seventh decade and beyond. In almost all patients NF becomes obvious in the first year of life and some form of specific problems or compromise develops before age 20 years. NF is a heritable disorder, with a frequency of 1 in 3,000.6 This means it affects at least 80,000 Americans, making it much more common than is ordinarily supposed. Indeed, it is more common than Huntington chorea, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and Tay-Sachs disease combined.4 However, in spite of its commonness,6-10 a realistic appreciation of NF's importance for pediatrics, and for medical care and research in general, is only a recent development. This long overdue change in emphasis reflects a recognition that NF's pathogenesis has bearing on a number of issues in basic biology, including neural crest embryology and genetic influences on the origin of cancer,1 the establishment of several NF clinical research programs, and the activities of several NF patient self-help groups.

scholarly journals BILINGUALISM IN CHILDREN HAVING CONGENITAL BILATERAL PROFOUND SENSORI NEURAL HEARING LOSS – CASE REVIEW

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Amina Asif Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Inclusive Education ◽  
First Year ◽  
Case Review ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
High Intelligence ◽  
Mainstream Society ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Developed World

The age old understanding that an individual with a hearing loss is incapable of acquiring verbal communication skills was readily accepted in the past, which led to the inadvertent but unfortunate coining of phrases “deaf and dumb” or “deaf and mute, " and the development of non-verbal or manual communication methodolgies of Sign language. Further, this caused the segregation and isolation of otherwise physically and intellectually competent individuals from mainstream society, unjustifiably denying them opportunities of education and vocation. Studies have proved that in the absence of any organic or inorganic complication, a child with a hearing loss may not only score a high Intelligence Quotient but can also acquire more than one language fluently. Early Intervention with appropriate amplification of residual hearing is underscored as the fundamental prerequisite for children with bilateral congenital profound sensorineural hearing loss, for subsequent acquisition of good listening and normal speech-language skills and plausible bilingualism; that further equips them with scholastic achievements comparable to their hearing peers. The past half century has witnessed stupendous technological enhancements in amplification devices manufactured for children having hearing loss, complemented by steady success in fostering their Inclusive Education. This paper highlights the urgent need in Pakistan to address this issue as well as the importance of early detection, diagnosis, and (re)habilitation along with parent training initiated within the first year of life. An otherwise anticipated disabling condition may be overcome completely if neonatal screening, which is not only inexpensive but also easy to perform; is made mandatory at all hospitals and maternity homes, as practiced in the developed world. This shall ease the challenges faced by the families of children having hearing loss; and enable the professionals working with them to successfully alleviate their communicative, social, educational and vocational difficulties, and ensure that they become successfully contributing members of our verbal society.

scholarly journals Analysis of the health status of children of the first year of life

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
R.V. Marushko ◽  
◽  
О.О. Dudina ◽  
T.L. Marushko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Negative Trend ◽  
Child Health Service ◽  
First Year ◽  
Live Births ◽  
The Past ◽  
First Year Of Life

Ukraine entered the 21st century with one of the worst vital signs in Europe and the burden of many socio-economic and demographic problems. Adverse quantitative and especially qualitative indicators of population reproduction have become stable. Therefore, the most important medical and social task and one of the main activities of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine is the formation and maintenance of public health. The defining stage in the formation of human health is the first year of life. Purpose — to study the state and trends of changes in the main indicators of the health of children in the first year of life for the period 2000–2019. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the incidence of children in the first year of life, infant mortality, over the past 20 years in the context of individual pathological conditions is carried out. The information base of the study was the data of state and industry statistics for 2000–2019. Methods of a systematic approach, statistical data processing, epidemiological analysis of graphic images were used. Results. The study revealed that the unfavorable demographic situation in Ukraine is accompanied by an unsatisfactory state of the main predictors of a healthy start in the life of infants, the formation and maintenance of their health. Over the past two decades, there has been a high level with a negative trend of diseases of the reproductive system of women, a high frequency of the combination of pregnancy and extragenital diseases remains. There is a negative trend towards an increase in the generalized objective criterion of the health of the generation, which is born and the socio-economic well-being of the population — the frequency of premature, low birth weight, incl. With very low birth weight. Only thanks to the introduction of modern medical organizational technologies with proven efficiency in the activities of the maternal and child health service was it possible to achieve a decrease in the incidence of newborns from 280.8 per 1000 live births in 2000 up to 172.14 in 2019. At the same time, the increase in the incidence of newborns with diseases that have a direct impact on the development of chronic and disabling diseases at all stages of life is of concern — congenital pneumonia, neonatal sepsis, other disorders of the cerebral status of the newborn, neonatal jaundice. According to the assessment of the dynamics of the general morbidity of children in the first year of life, its level is still high, with a positive trend — 2018.8 per 1000 children who reached 1 year in 2000 and 1393.1 in 2019, the growth rate is -30.9% with a traditionally leading position in the level and structure of the incidence of respiratory diseases — 810.2 per 1000 children who have reached one year of life and 58.15%, certain conditions occurring in perinatal period — 126.7 ‰ and 9.06%, diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue — 63.9‰ and 4.59%, diseases of the blood and hematopoietic organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism — 63.0‰ and 4.52%. Conclusions. The positive dynamics of morbidity in children of the first year of life is confirmed by a decrease in infant mortality from its maximum level of 11.9 per 1000 live births in 2000 up to 7.0 in 2019, the growth rate is -41.2% due to all its components with a more intensive reduction in postneonatal mortality from 5.28‰ to 2.57‰, the growth rate is -51.3% against the background of an increase in the concentration of mortality in the neonatal period from 55.9% to 64.5%, respectively. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: newborns, children of the first year of life, low birthweight newborns, morbidity, infant mortality.

EVALUATION OF THE ROUTINE PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF INFANTS IN THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE: REVIEW

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 960-962
Author(s):  
Clarence H. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Life Review ◽  
The Other ◽  
First Year ◽  
Considerable Part ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Past ◽  
Routine Physical Examination ◽  
First Year Of Life

In view of the fact that this reviewer has spent a considerable part of his professional career rendering the type of service which Dr. Anderson decries as unnecessary, it is difficult to review the article without doing what the author found difficult to avoid, which is to be swayed by preconceptions. It is hoped that the author will temper his bias with the reviewer's bias to bring conclusions and recommendations out of the study which the figures justify and which are nearer the middle of the road. There are physicians in pediatrics who consider regular examination of infants and children to be desirable and productive; there are physicians who prefer that a variety of methods be used in pediatrics until it is fully demonstrated that one is superior to the other and do not wish to be forced into a "new pediatrics" unless it is demonstrably better; and, there are parents who bring their babies to pediatricians for reasons other than those mentioned, i.e., for treatment or prevention of abnormal conditions. Their babies are precious commodities and they wish to know that the babies do not have abnormalities but also want reassurance that they are caring for the babies properly, affording them attention and supervision which is not just good but is superior, and being good parents who are helping their babies in every way to develop the best of their potentials. Herein lies an innate difference between public health and private health in pediatrics which seems to have been highly desirable to pediatricians and parents in the past.

Paleoenvironmental reconstruction in La Paz Bay, Gulf of California: Evidence from δ18O in Chione californiensis

The Holocene ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 095968362110665
Author(s):  
Fernando Arenas ◽  
Harumi Fujita ◽  
Alberto Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of California ◽  
First Year ◽  
Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction ◽  
La Paz ◽  
Sea Temperature ◽  
The Past ◽  
Stable Oxygen ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Summer Growth ◽  
Bivalve Shells

Oceanic characteristics of the Holocene are used to understand climatic patterns and phenomena that affect marine and human communities. Likewise, past marine conditions can be reconstructed from surface sea temperature (SST), using stable oxygen isotopes in bivalve shells. The objective of this study was to calculate Holocene summer SSTs for La Paz Bay, by analyzing δ18O of 14C dated bivalve shells ( Chione californiensis) from a Holocene camp site located in Cañada de La Enfermería, Baja California Sur, México. Aragonite was extracted from the shells’ umbo, representing the summer growth season during the first year of life. δ18O value of C. californiensis is −1.9 ± 0.1‰ at present, and varied between −1.3‰ and −2.6‰ during the last 9 ky. In 9469 BP, 8396 BP, and 7708 BP, δ18O values were similar to those of the present. In 7857 BP, 7805 BP, and 7804 BP, δ18O was 18O depleted (0.6–0.9‰), indicating warmer summer SSTs versus the present. In 7070 BP, 6945 BP, and 2087 BP, δ18O was enriched in 18O (0.3–0.4‰), suggesting colder SSTs versus the present. This study coincides with other paleotemperature studies for the region and allows us to address the effect of changing SST on this marine resource, its use by human communities of the past, and its effects on human presence in the area with respect to climate variability.

Maternal role attainment with medically fragile infants: Part 1. measurement and correlates during the first year of life

2011 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Shandor Miles ◽  
Diane Holditch-Davis ◽  
Margaret R. Burchinal ◽  
Susan Brunssen
Keyword(s):  
First Year ◽  
Maternal Role ◽  
Medically Fragile ◽  
Maternal Role Attainment ◽  
First Year Of Life

scholarly journals Possibilities of the ultrasonography in the diagnosis of craniosynostosis in children of the first year of life

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 127-134
Author(s):  
N. N. Dzhandzhgava ◽  
A. B. Sugak ◽  
E. A. Filippova ◽  
L. A. Satanin ◽  
D. S. Kryuchko
Keyword(s):  
Screening Method ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The State ◽  
Cranial Sutures ◽  
First Year ◽  
Ultrasound Method ◽  
The Past ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Suture Fusion ◽  
First Year Of Life

Craniosynostosis is a premature closure of the skull sutures, manifested by deformation of the head requiring surgical treatment. An instrumental examination of the state of the cranial sutures is necessary for the differential diagnosis of craniosynostosis and benign positional deformities of the skull in infants. Traditionally, radiation methods, such as X-ray and computed tomography with three-dimensional reconstruction, are used for this purpose. Over the past two decades, we have accumulated a large amount of data on the high information content of the ultrasound method in assessing the state of the cranial sutures in children. Ultrasound examination is widely available, easy to perform, reproducible; it does not require sedation of the patient and does not carry radiation exposure, which is especially important when examining young children. A negative result of the study makes it possible to exclude the diagnosis of craniosynostosis, while the detection of suture fusion serves as an indication for referring the child to visit a surgeon and further examination. The ultrasound method should be more widely used as a screening method for detecting head deformity and suspicion of craniosynostosis in children of the first year of life.

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