Anatomy of a rape: Sexual violence and secondary victimization scripts in U.S. film and television, 1959–2019

2021 ◽  
pp. 174165902110003
Author(s):  
Jackie Hogan
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Real World ◽  
Rape Culture ◽  
Secondary Victimization ◽  
Reform Era ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Rape Law ◽  
Media Texts ◽  
The U.S

The rape law reform movement in the U.S. has made significant progress since the 1970s. All fifty U.S. states and the District of Columbia have now made changes to their rape statutes. Nonetheless, the incidence of reported rape has increased substantially since the 1970s, and rape conviction rates have remained frustratingly low. Such statistical evidence suggests that amending legal statutes has not proven sufficient to curb endemic sexual violence in the U.S. Effective prevention requires a deeper understanding of rape culture, the conglomeration of discourses, ideologies, and practices that normalize sexual assault. Of particular interest here are mass mediated representations of rape, and their power to authorize or critique sexual violence, its root causes, and its consequences. This paper interrogates and seeks to disrupt rape culture by critically analyzing three media texts with narratives based on real-world cases of sexual violence and secondary victimization, the films Anatomy of a Murder, 1959 and The Accused, 1988 and the Netflix miniseries Unbelievable, 2019. With roughly thirty years between these texts, they provide snapshots of shifting attitudes and practices around sexual violence and secondary victimization in the U.S., from the pre-reform era to the #MeToo era. The analysis reveals some heartening changes but also some disturbing continuities in the real-world ideas and practices that media texts reflect and amplify.

Brewing Up Controversy: A Case Exploring the Ethics of Corporate Tax Planning

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan F. Hess ◽  
Raquel Meyer Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Tax Planning ◽  
Learning Assessment ◽  
Class Discussion ◽  
Corporate Tax ◽  
Tax Havens ◽  
Multinational Organizations ◽  
The U.S

ABSTRACT This instructional case explores the ethical issues surrounding the corporate tax-planning and tax-avoidance strategies of multinational organizations. Drawing on the real-world experiences of SABMiller, one of the world's largest beverage companies, this case provides a launching point for students to consider the ethics of corporate tax planning. The ethics of multinational tax practices, especially the use of tax havens, has recently become the focus of media and legislative debate in both the U.S. and the U.K., and many well-respected companies, such as General Electric, Apple Inc., and Starbucks are now feeling the pressure to reform. In a post-case learning assessment, students demonstrated significant improvement in their understanding and indicated that they enjoyed discussing this controversial issue. The “Implementation Guidance” section and Teaching Notes offer guidance for in-class discussion of the ethical and tax issues in this case.

The U.S. Marine Corps’ Response to Intimate Partner Sexual Violence: An Analysis of the Family Advocacy Program and the Sexual Assault Prevention and Response Program

2020 ◽  
pp. 0095327X2097439
Author(s):  
Stephanie Bonnes ◽  
Jeffrey H. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Marine Corps ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Sexual Assault Prevention ◽  
Family Advocacy ◽  
Advocacy Program ◽  
Assault Prevention ◽  
The U.S

In this article, we show how the U.S. military treats domestic violence and sexual assault as distinct forms of abuse, which has particular consequences for victims of intimate partner sexual violence. We explore how a specific U.S. military branch, the Marine Corps, complicates these issues further by providing services to intimate partner sexual violence victims from two different programs. Analyzing military orders and documents related to Family Advocacy Program and Sexual Assault Prevention and Response program, interviews with eight military prosecutors, and the experiences of one military lawyer, we examine program and interactional-level factors that shape victim services, advocacy, and processes. We find that there are program differences in specialized services, coordinated services, and potential breaches of confidentiality related to victim’s cases. We recommend that the Marine Corps recognize the intersections of sexual violence and domestic violence and offer more tailored services to victims of intimate partner sexual violence.

scholarly journals Victim and Perpetrator Characteristics in Alcohol/Drug-Involved Sexual Violence Victimization in the U.S

2021 ◽  
pp. 108839
Author(s):  
Kathleen C. Basile ◽  
Sharon G. Smith ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Ashley Lowe ◽  
Amanda K. Gilmore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Violence Victimization ◽  
The U.S

Rereading Rape in the Critical Canon

differences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-160
Author(s):  
Erin A. Spampinato
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Rape Law ◽  
The Law ◽  
Criminal Conduct ◽  
Forms Of Violence ◽  
As If ◽  
Physical Outcomes

This essay identifies what the author terms “adjudicative reading,” a tendency in literary criticism to read novels depicting sexual violence as if in a court of law. Adjudicative reading tracks characters’ motivations and the physical outcomes of their actions as if novels can offer evidence, or lack thereof, of criminal conduct. This legalistic style of criticism not only ignores the fictionality of incidences of rape in novels, but it replicates the prejudices inherent in historical rape law by centering the experiences of the accused character over and against the harm caused to the fictional victim of rape. By contrast, the “capacious” conception of rape proposed here refuses to locate rape in a particular bodily act (as the law does), rejects the yoking of rape’s harms to a particular gender, and understands various forms of violence as equally serious (rather than creating a hierarchy of sexual assault, as current legal conceptions tend to do).

scholarly journals Meanings Attributed by Adolescents to Intrafamily Sexual Violence and Assistance in the Judiciary

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliana Mendes de Souza Teixeira Roque ◽  
Diene Monique Carlos ◽  
Geraldo Romanelli ◽  
Cintia Aparecida da Silva ◽  
José Eurípedes Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Power Relationships ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Secondary Victimization ◽  
Qualitative Research Study ◽  
Childhood And Youth

Abstract The aim was to know and analyze the meanings of intrafamily sexual violence experienced and the Court support for adolescents who underwent the questioning. A qualitative research study through semi-structured interviews and free observation with nine adolescents aged between 13 and 17 years old, in a specific Court of Childhood and Youth. Data was analyzed using the technique of content analysis, with “Distance and negative”, and “Secondary victimization” pointed out. First, by signifying the intrafamily sexual violence suffered, the adolescent presents memory lapses about what happened, and it shows a wide spectrum of detrimental effects of intrafamily sexual violence. Secondly, it shows that the intervention of the Judiciary Branch has caused secondary victimization, gaps in care, and reproduction of power relationships. It was concluded on the importance to articulate a children and adolescents rights guaranteeing system, considering the new social frameworks, as well as the issue of human development.

64-LB: Glucose Control after Initiation of Flash Glucose Monitoring in Type 2 Diabetes Managed with Basal Insulin: A Retrospective Real-World Chart Review Study from the U.S.

Diabetes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 64-LB
Author(s):  
ANDERS L. CARLSON ◽  
TIMOTHY D. DANIEL ◽  
ANDREA DESANTIS ◽  
SERGE JABBOUR ◽  
ESRA KARSLIOGLU-FRENCH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Real World ◽  
Glucose Control ◽  
Basal Insulin ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Flash Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Review Study ◽  
The U.S

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Traci C. West
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
American History ◽  
Gender Violence ◽  
Narrative Approach ◽  
History Of ◽  
Interdisciplinary Framework ◽  
Theoretical Foundations ◽  
The U.S

This chapter presents the interdisciplinary framework of the book and its core argument linking issues of racism and religion--particularly heteropatriarchal Christianity--in the cultural support for gender violence. It argues that the conjoined presence of religion, anti-black racism, and sexual violence against women in American history of slavery and colonialism compels a similarly transnational exploration of inspiration from Africana activists and scholars to address U.S. gender violence. A methodological overview describes the book’s theoretical foundations in feminist and womanist studies, and how tools of ethnography, anthropology, and Christian theo-ethics inform the its unconventional narrative approach. The U.S.-based analysis features snapshots of the author’s encounters with leaders and their contexts, not a broad survey or comparison of gender violence in Ghana, South Africa, and Brazil.

Preventing sexual violence in sport. The determinants of positive coach-bystander behavior.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Verhelle ◽  
Tine Vertommen ◽  
Gjalt - Jorn Ygram Peters
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Youth Sport ◽  
Injunctive Norms ◽  
Bystander Behavior ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sport Coaches ◽  
Bystander Behaviors

Coaches are instrumental in creating safe sport environments, especially in preventing sexual violence, but little is known about helpful bystander behaviors, hampering effective prevention programs. To identify determining characteristics of positive bystander behavior, 1442 Belgian youth-sport coaches completed a dedicated online questionnaire on bystander-related attitudes, descriptive and injunctive norms, autonomy beliefs, and self-efficacy using two hypothetical sport-associated sexual-violence scenarios. Potential for change was analyzed using confidence interval-based estimation of relevance (CIBER). 127 coaches (9.6%) had witnessed sexual violence over the past year. Most had intervened (single incident: 3.7%; multiple incidents: 2.4%). Experiential attitude expectation, instrumental attitude evaluation, perceived referent behavior and approval, and subskill presence were positively associated with coaches’ intentions to intervene. Of the determinants of positive coach-bystander behavior, attitude and perceived norms proved key constituents for programs addressing sexual violence in youth sport. To promote (pro-)active coach-bystander behaviors, the results are discussed from a theoretical and practice-oriented perspective.

Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Rhiannon Graybill
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Hebrew Bible ◽  
Affect Theory ◽  
Biblical Studies ◽  
Rape Culture ◽  
New Approach

The Hebrew Bible contains many accounts of rape and sexual violence. Feminist approaches to these stories remain dominated by Phyllis Trible’s 1984 book Texts of Terror. This chapter and book offer a new approach, drawing on feminist, queer, and affect theory and offering new readings of biblical rape stories, including Dinah (Gen 34), Tamar (2 Sam 13), Lot’s daughters (Gen 19), Bathsheba (2 Sam 11), Hagar (Gen 16 and 21), Daughter Zion (Lam 1 and 2), and the Levite’s concubine (Judg 19). In place of “texts of terror,” this chapter opens the possibility of reading after terror. The approach offered here also engages contemporary activism against sexual violence and rape culture, bringing them to bear on biblical studies.

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