scholarly journals From preachers to comedians: Ideal types of hate speakers in Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liriam Sponholz ◽  
Rogério Christofoletti
Keyword(s):  
Black People ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Symbolic Capital ◽  
Political Polarization ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Ideal Types ◽  
Media System ◽  
Public Figures ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Right

This article attempts to develop a theoretical framework in order to understand how the media system has been enabling public figures to use hate speech to enhance their media prominence. The current scenario in Brazil, shaped by a high concentration of (private) media ownership, an economic crisis, deep political polarization, distrust of democracy and the right turn, provides a privileged case for analysing it. In this scenario, public figures preach violence against homosexuals on TV. Black people are insulted and compared to monkeys. Based on Max Weber’s ideal types and Bourdieu’s concept of symbolic capital, four ideal types have been identified: the hate preacher, the right-wing populist, the media polemicist and the intolerant comedian. The analysis makes it evident that hate speakers tend to be ‘backbenchers’ who guarantee their media prominence (or ‘capital’) through a strongly commercialized media system, particularly on TV and the Internet.

scholarly journals Ketika Demokrasi Menjadi Ancaman?: Kasus Jerinx dan Refleksi Kritis Bagi Pelaksanaan Demokrasi di Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-107
Author(s):  
Fatih Abdulbari
Keyword(s):  
Hate Speech ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Electronic Transactions ◽  
The Media ◽  
Fundamental Value ◽  
The Times ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

The most important and fundamental value in democracy is freedom of expression. This freedom is considered a part of human rights and is the most important feature of democracy. In the times, on the one hand, the media to speak out is increasingly numerous and varied, but on the other hand there is a dilemma where this freedom is actually used to sow and spread false information or conspiracy theories without evidence. In addition, the concept of freedom of opinion has not developed much following the latest developments, so this concept is increasingly abstract because there are no clear boundaries for freedom of expression. In Indonesia, the emergence of the Law on Information and Electronic Transactions (UU ITE) is actually used as a threat to criminalize individuals whose opinions are considered to be disturbing and attack others.  The Jerinx case is a very interesting case study of how freedom of opinion has actually created a counterfactual narrative. He was convicted in 2020 for making hate speech on his social media accounts. The ITE Law which allows arrests for expressing opinions is problematic because it clearly contradicts the main principle of democracy, namely freedom of expression. This research will critically examine the Jerinx case from the perspective of democratic values to see and analyze how the right to speak and have an opinion in Indonesia. The extent to which freedom of opinion is actually facilitated is considered not to violate the rights of others, and the extent to which the democratic climate has a place in Indonesia.

LEGAL BASIS OF PRESS FREEDOM IN IRELAND

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (XX) ◽  
pp. 19-44
Author(s):  
Michał Kaczmarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Press Freedom ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Legal Tradition ◽  
Freedom Of Establishment ◽  
Media Freedom ◽  
Media System ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Right

The concept of freedom of the press is closely linked to freedom of expression. Freedom of the media is an instrument of free speech and is derived from the freedom of expression, independence of thought, opinion, ideas and judgement. Freedom of the media is possible only if the state ensures real independence of expression, access to reliable information, freedom of publication and publishing. Respecting media freedom through non-interference by public auReceived thorities is an important part of the European standard of democracy, and is aligned with the essence of the liberal democratic regime. Ireland has a diversified market of newspapers and magazines, created by private entities, operating on the basis of well-developed guarantees of freedom of establishment that are deeply rooted in the Irish legal tradition. Freedom of speech, which is also enjoyed by the media, is enshrined in the Constitution, and appropriate institutions have been established to protect it, defending the right of the media to obtain and disseminate information, but also to safeguard the principles of law and ethics in journalism, combining the right of the press to express opinions and freely describe reality with the right of the beneficiaries of this activity (readers) to obtain information that is reliable, true, honest and credible. This article attempts to characterize the legal basis of press freedom in Ireland (both domestic and international) and to describe the institutions that uphold this freedom, ensuring that the media system functions properly as one of the subsystems of the social system.

scholarly journals Reprezentacje gender w polskiej sferze publicznej – próba uchwycenia dynamiki dyskursu

1970 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Grochalska
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Gender Ideology ◽  
Gender Mainstreaming ◽  
The Public ◽  
Gender Policy ◽  
Public Figures ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
The Right

Before 2013, the term ‘gender’ as used to define male and female social roles had appeared relatively rarely in the public sphere. However, it had not been completely unknown. Whenever this term did occur in utterances of public figures, it was mostly in reference to equality policies (gender policy) and the idea of gender mainstreaming in EU projects. It was commonly associated with feminism and has in this form entered the social consciousness, including the minds of major public figures, especially those with highest state positions. The situation changed radically in 2013. The term ‘gender’ started to be connected with ‘gender ideology’, a term coined by people associated with the Catholic Church. This article presents the ways in which the issues related to the broadly meant gender are presented on the right and left sides of the political scene. This analysis is based on selected interviews and other utterances of famous politicians as well as the articles in popular weekly magazines published in 2011–2015. This paper covers both kinds of utterances – those in line with the rules of political correctness and the examples of hate speech. All examples are provided to highlight the mechanisms of discrimination hidden in the language of politics.

scholarly journals Gender representations in the Polish public space – an attempt to capture the dynamics of the discourse

1970 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Grochalska
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Gender Ideology ◽  
Gender Mainstreaming ◽  
Gender Policy ◽  
Public Figures ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
The Right

Before 2013, the term ‘gender’ as used to define male and female social roles had appeared relatively rarely in the public sphere. However, it had not been completely unknown. Whenever this term did occur in utterances of public figures, it was mostly in reference to equality policies (gender policy) and the idea of gender mainstreaming in EU projects. It was commonly associated with feminism and has in this form entered the social consciousness, including the minds of major public figures, especially those with highest state positions. The situation changed radically in 2013. The term ‘gender’ started to be connected with ‘gender ideology’, a term coined by people associated with the Catholic Church. This article presents the ways in which the issues related to the broadly meant gender are presented on the right and left sides of the political scene. This analysis is based on selected interviews and other utterances of famous politicians as well as the articles in popular weekly magazines published in 2011–2015. This paper covers both kinds of utterances – those in line with the rules of political correctness and the examples of hate speech. All examples are provided to highlight the mechanisms of discrimination hidden in the language of politics.

Trump, Right-Wing Populism, and the Future of Organized Labor

2020 ◽  
pp. 50-66
Author(s):  
Bill Fletcher ◽  
José Alejandro La Luz
Keyword(s):  
Black People ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
True Nature ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
The Media ◽  
Right Wing Populism ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

This chapter argues that the core problem is not ideology or corporate self-interest but rather the rise of a right-wing populism that feeds on racism and xenophobia. When workers suffer from stagnating or declining incomes, loss of benefits and pensions, declining health and health care coverage, and increased job insecurity, the right gives them an answer: blame black people, Latinxs, immigrants, Jews, or Muslims; blame the media elites, academics, or experts, not your employer; embrace the rich in the hope that someday you can be one of them; and condemn powerless people as the cause of your problems. The chapter describes how populism draws its energy from a racist, sexist, and xenophobic framing of the impact of the economic crisis on working-class Americans while also rejecting the postwar global order in favor of a return to American isolationism. It laments the Left's failure to offer plausible solutions and to create lasting solidarity across gender, race, ethnicity, and sexuality. This chapter explains that no revival of labor will be possible without engaging union members about race, gender, immigration, and the true nature of right-wing populism.

Privacy and Accountability of Public Figures

2014 ◽  
pp. 219-236
Author(s):  
Despina Kiltidou
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The Right To Privacy ◽  
National Courts ◽  
Public Figures ◽  
The Media ◽  
Principle Of Proportionality ◽  
The Right

Regarding the regular violation of the right of public figures to privacy by the media, through its jurisprudence, the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) imposes profound changes on European countries concerning the equilibrium between the fundamental rights of privacy and the freedom of expression in the media. The lack of violation of privacy in various European countries does not elicit unified solutions in case of damage as a result of breach of the right to privacy. Therefore, taking into account the particularities of national courts, it is evident that the court rules more objectively by investigating the facts on a case-by-case basis, within the margin of the principle of proportionality, creating a point of reference for national courts to follow and ensuring the protection of the freedom of expression, as initially established in the European Convention of Human Rights (ECHR). This chapter explores this.

scholarly journals Gdy słowo dzieli. Mowa pogardy i nienawiści w relacjach między ludźmi

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 221-239
Author(s):  
Monika Obrębska ◽  
Marcelina Dobrowolska
Keyword(s):  
Social Problem ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Verbal Abuse ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Public Figures ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Sense Of Danger ◽  
Emotional Basis

Hate speech is defined as verbal abuse against minority groups. Its emotional basis is contempt which activates anger and revulsion. Therefore, it seems to be justified to speak of “contempt speech and hate speech” as a spreading social phenomenon, in effect resulting in a generalised deterioration in attitudes toward minorities. The media and public figures play a huge role in promoting hate speech, and it is also fostered by the sense of danger accompanying the COVID-19 pandemic. In order to stop this process, we should start to perceive hate speech as a serious social problem, the conditions and consequences of which should be the subject of reflection and scientific studies.

Missing Effect of Party Cues in Japan: Evidence from a Survey Experiment

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
TETSURO KOBAYASHI ◽  
TOMOYA YOKOYAMA
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Party System ◽  
Policy Preferences ◽  
Political Polarization ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Full Information ◽  
Issue Voting ◽  
Media System ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Media

AbstractFor voters with bounded rationality to emulate the formation of policy preferences under full information, party cues provide effective heuristics. Although the effect of party cuing has been robustly established in US-centered studies, the literature indicates that the characteristics of modern US politics, such as political polarization, magnify the effect of party cues. Therefore, the effect of party cues has been subject to only lenient empirical scrutiny, as empirical evidence exists primarily for the US. The present study aims to test the generalizability of the effect of party cues by focusing on Japan, where the ideological positions of parties have become increasingly vague. Furthermore, in light of the fact that the media system in Japan is more stable and ideologically polarized than its party system, we also test whether press cues (i.e. newspaper names) serve as substitutes for party cues. A survey experiment demonstrates that the effects of party and press cues in Japan are muted, and therefore these two types of cues do not serve as effective shortcuts in forming policy preferences. These results indicate that issue voting based on cognitive heuristics is difficult under an unstable multiparty system. Therefore, the extant literature on party cues that presupposes the US-style party system cannot be easily generalized to other political contexts.

Promosi Dan Informasi Media Audio Visual Berbentuk Video Profile Pada SMK PGRI 11 Ciledug Kota Tangerang

CICES ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-47
Author(s):  
Faisal Rudiansyah Hamzah ◽  
Panji Wira Soma ◽  
Indri Rahmawati
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Print Media ◽  
Visual Media ◽  
Message Delivery ◽  
The Public ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Right

With the development of information technology in particular in the field of multimedia in such rapid and the longer forms of media information more diverse so that more education institutions boast. Media information and promotion is currently used by SMK PGRI 11 Ciledug Tangerang. The purpose of this research audio visual media into the media information and proper promotion, by controlling hearing and vision in the form of audio visual in order to convey messages can be understood by the public at large. Existing problems, namely the medium used by the SMK PGRI 11 Ciledug Tangerang still use print media such as banners, posters and pamplet are considered less effective and efficient to use while simultaneously promoting the institutions with the best possible audio visual media so that it is selected into a medium of information and promotion of the right, by controlling hearing and vision in the form of audio visual. Because therein lies the message delivery process or how to visualize. At the same time listening and showing the contents of the message to the recipient with information through media menunjangnya, so the design of video media profile that displays the entire scope, advantages and facilities belonging to SMK PGRI 11 Ciledug Tangerang, can be a solution in solving problems in media promotion and information. With this study the author makes with the title "promotion and INFORMATION AUDIO VISUAL MEDIA SHAPED VIDEO PROFILE on SMK PGRI 11 APPLICATIONS TANGERANG CITY ".

The Architecture of Our Discontent

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yochai Benkler ◽  
Robert Faris ◽  
Hal Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Political Communication ◽  
News Media ◽  
The United States ◽  
Online Media ◽  
First Year ◽  
Media Ecosystem ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Right ◽  
Integrated Media ◽  
Presidential Election Campaign

This chapter presents the book’s macrolevel findings about the architecture of political communication and the news media ecosystem in the United States from 2015 to 2018. Two million stories published during the 2016 presidential election campaign are analyzed, along with another 1.9 million stories about Donald Trump’s presidency during his first year. The chapter examines patterns of interlinking between online media sources to understand the relations of authority and credibility among publishers, as well as the media sharing practices of Twitter and Facebook users to elucidate social media attention patterns. The data and mapping reveal not only a profoundly polarized media landscape but stark asymmetry: the right is more insular, skewed towards the extreme, and set apart from the more integrated media ecosystem of the center, center-left, and left.

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