Types of evidence used in Canadian provincial sport organisations

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurtis Pankow ◽  
Katherine A Tamminen ◽  
Martin Camiré ◽  
Dany J MacDonald ◽  
Leisha Strachan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Analysis Procedure ◽  
Qualitative Description ◽  
Sport Science ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Sport Organisation

Different types of evidence can be used to inform organisational decision making. The purpose of this study was to identify types of evidence used in sport organisations. Data were collected via interviews with 60 Canadian Provincial Sport Organisation representatives from five provinces. A qualitative description approach was used and data were subjected to an inductive-to-deductive thematic analysis procedure, with the deductive component guided by a classification of evidence types. Results demonstrated that knowledge and information (reported by 38 participants) and ideas and interests (28 participants) were the most frequently reported evidence types, whereas research (12 participants), political (2 participants), and economic (12 participants) evidence types were least frequently reported. These findings suggest that sport science researchers could communicate in the form of, and through mediums dedicated to, knowledge and information and ideas and interests in order to reach sport organisations.

scholarly journals Pupils Participation in a Technology-Rich Environment: A Study of Pupil Perspective on Learners’ and Teachers’ Roles

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
Johanna Öberg ◽  
Jalal Nouri
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Young People ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Active Participation ◽  
Teacher’S Role ◽  
Fundamental Part ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Teacher's Role

It has been argued that participation as involvement as well as taking part in decision making is a fundamental part of learning. The first large arena for experiencing this for many young people is the school. This paper investigates how 16 pupils at grade eight view their own and their teacher’s role when it comes to facilitating participation. The pupils are interviewed the semester after a long researcher led participation project and the interviews are analyzed using thematic analysis. The analysis identifies four different types of participation from the pupils’ responses. These four types can be connected to passive and active participation as well as participation as involvement and participation as influence.

scholarly journals Decision Classification Enhances Case-Based Reasoning

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen L. Woehrle
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Case Based Reasoning ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Descriptive Framework ◽  
Case Based

In order to arrive at a meaningful and useful classification of decisions, a sufficiently descriptive framework for classification should be created. The use of the traditional programmed-nonprogrammed dichotomy is acceptable, but decisions themselves cannot always be treated as a single either/or entity. Decision-making is a process involving distinct and separable steps. A programmed-nonprogrammed classification scheme will be applied to a variety of different types of decisions. Using Case-based Reasoning (CBR) various decision scenarios with their corresponding classifications can be stored. The resulting database is a growing and evolving body of experience and knowledge to be used for future decision-making.

scholarly journals Physician Aid in Dying for Dementia: The Problem With the Early vs. Late Disease Stage Distinction

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Elisabeth Nicolini
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Functional Model ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Stage Disease ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Aid In Dying ◽  
Disease Stages ◽  
Late Disease Stage

Background: Physician aid in dying (PAD) based on dementia is a contentious, highly debated topic. Several countries are considering extending their existing laws to include requests in incompetent patients based on a previously written advance directive. Discussions about this issue often invoke a distinction based on disease stage. The Dutch practice uses this distinction in classifications of dementia PAD cases and in guidance for clinicians. This paper explores the problem with this distinction for assessments of persons at the margins of competence.The Problem: Dutch guidance for clinicians uses an early vs. late-stage disease distinction to refer to requests from competent and incompetent persons. However, the use of disease stages is problematic, both conceptually and empirically. Conceptually, because it goes against very functional model of competence that guidance recognizes. Empirically, because it creates problems for classifying and evaluating patients at the margins of competence.Possible Ways Forward: Classification of cases and guidance should be based on competence, not disease stage. This requires rethinking decision-making for patients with dementia. Several possibilities are described, ranging from redefining the scope and role of advance directives in this context to exploring different types of decision-making frameworks.

USING A NOTION OF ACCEPTABLE IN UNCERTAIN ORDINAL DECISION MAKING

2002 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
pp. 241-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
RONALD R. YAGER
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Ordinal Scale ◽  
Special Element ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Basic Scale ◽  
Decision Functions

We focus on the problem of constructing decision functions to aid in the valuation of alteratives in uncertain decision making. We discuss different types of scales available for representing the payoffs associated with the alternatives. Here we consider the case in which our basic scale is an ordinal case. Here however we augment this ordinal scale by allowing an additional notion. We indicate one special element on the scale which we call the denoted element. We name such a scale a Denoted Ordinal Scale (DOS). We point out that a DOS allows a binary partitioning of the basic ordinal scale which can be associated with differing semantics and used for various purposes. Here we focus on a binary partitioning and use a semantics which provides a classification of payoffs as to whether they are acceptable or not. This allows us to have information such as A is preferred to B but both are acceptable. We show how a DOS with this semantics can be used to construct sophisticated decision functions.

Dual stain kit for the microscopic gram classification of ocular infection bacteria

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 248-249
Author(s):  
Jacob S. Hanker ◽  
Dale N. Holdren ◽  
Kenneth L. Cohen ◽  
Beverly L. Giammara
Keyword(s):  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Ocular Infection ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Ocular Infections ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Keratitis and conjunctivitis (infections of the cornea or conjunctiva) are ocular infections caused by various bacteria, fungi, viruses or parasites; bacteria, however, are usually prominent. Systemic conditions such as alcoholism, diabetes, debilitating disease, AIDS and immunosuppressive therapy can lead to increased susceptibility but trauma and contact lens use are very important factors. Gram-negative bacteria are most frequently cultured in these situations and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is most usually isolated from culture-positive ulcers of patients using contact lenses. Smears for staining can be obtained with a special swab or spatula and Gram staining frequently guides choice of a therapeutic rinse prior to the report of the culture results upon which specific antibiotic therapy is based. In some cases staining of the direct smear may be diagnostic in situations where the culture will not grow. In these cases different types of stains occasionally assist in guiding therapy.

Quota Women Are Threatening to Men

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klea Faniko ◽  
Till Burckhardt ◽  
Oriane Sarrasin ◽  
Fabio Lorenzi-Cioldi ◽  
Siri Øyslebø Sørensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Preferential Treatment ◽  
Public Sector Employees ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Women In Decision Making ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Two studies carried out among Albanian public-sector employees examined the impact of different types of affirmative action policies (AAPs) on (counter)stereotypical perceptions of women in decision-making positions. Study 1 (N = 178) revealed that participants – especially women – perceived women in decision-making positions as more masculine (i.e., agentic) than feminine (i.e., communal). Study 2 (N = 239) showed that different types of AA had different effects on the attribution of gender stereotypes to AAP beneficiaries: Women benefiting from a quota policy were perceived as being more communal than agentic, while those benefiting from weak preferential treatment were perceived as being more agentic than communal. Furthermore, we examined how the belief that AAPs threaten men’s access to decision-making positions influenced the attribution of these traits to AAP beneficiaries. The results showed that men who reported high levels of perceived threat, as compared to men who reported low levels of perceived threat, attributed more communal than agentic traits to the beneficiaries of quotas. These findings suggest that AAPs may have created a backlash against its beneficiaries by emphasizing gender-stereotypical or counterstereotypical traits. Thus, the framing of AAPs, for instance, as a matter of enhancing organizational performance, in the process of policy making and implementation, may be a crucial tool to countering potential backlash.

Awareness and Decision Making in Professional Ethics

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronny Swain
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Professional Ethics ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Code Of Ethics ◽  
Professional Autonomy ◽  
Ethical Awareness ◽  
Ethical Decisions ◽  
The Right ◽  
Aid Decision

The paper describes the development of the 1998 revision of the Psychological Society of Ireland's Code of Professional Ethics. The Code incorporates the European Meta-Code of Ethics and an ethical decision-making procedure borrowed from the Canadian Psychological Association. An example using the procedure is presented. To aid decision making, a classification of different kinds of stakeholder (i.e., interested party) affected by ethical decisions is offered. The author contends (1) that psychologists should assert the right, which is an important aspect of professional autonomy, to make discretionary judgments, (2) that to be justified in doing so they need to educate themselves in sound and deliberative judgment, and (3) that the process is facilitated by a code such as the Irish one, which emphasizes ethical awareness and decision making. The need for awareness and judgment is underlined by the variability in the ethical codes of different organizations and different European states: in such a context, codes should be used as broad yardsticks, rather than precise templates.

Explanatory Power for Medical Expert Systems: Studies in the Representation of Causal Relationships for Clinical Consultations

1982 ◽  
Vol 21 (03) ◽  
pp. 127-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Wallis ◽  
E. H. Shortliffe
Keyword(s):  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Inference Rules ◽  
Medical Expert ◽  
Comprehensive Knowledge ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Medical Expert Systems ◽  
Explanation System ◽  
Systems Studies

This paper reports on experiments designed to identify and implement mechanisms for enhancing the explanation capabilities of reasoning programs for medical consultation. The goals of an explanation system are discussed, as is the additional knowledge needed to meet these goals in a medical domain. We have focussed on the generation of explanations that are appropriate for different types of system users. This task requires a knowledge of what is complex and what is important; it is further strengthened by a classification of the associations or causal mechanisms inherent in the inference rules. A causal representation can also be used to aid in refining a comprehensive knowledge base so that the reasoning and explanations are more adequate. We describe a prototype system which reasons from causal inference rules and generates explanations that are appropriate for the user.

Design, Development and Comparison of Heuristic Driven Algorithms Based on the Crossed Domain Products’ Reviews for User’s Summarization

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 884-892
Author(s):  
Sartaj Ahmad ◽  
Ashutosh Gupta ◽  
Neeraj Kumar Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Online Shopping ◽  
Recent Time ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Feature Based ◽  
Use Of Internet ◽  
Day By Day ◽  
Better Than

Background: In recent time, people love online shopping but before any shopping feedbacks or reviews always required. These feedbacks help customers in decision making for buying any product or availing any service. In the country like India this trend of online shopping is increasing very rapidly because awareness and the use of internet which is increasing day by day. As result numbers of customers and their feedbacks are also increasing. It is creating a problem that how to read all reviews manually. So there should be some computerized mechanism that provides customers a summary without spending time in reading feedbacks. Besides big number of reviews another problem is that reviews are not structured. Objective: In this paper, we try to design, implement and compare two algorithms with manual approach for the crossed domain Product’s reviews. Methods: Lexicon based model is used and different types of reviews are tested and analyzed to check the performance of these algorithms. Results: Algorithm based on opinions and feature based opinions are designed, implemented, applied and compared with the manual results and it is found that algorithm # 2 is performing better than algorithm # 1 and near to manual results. Conclusion: Algorithm # 2 is found better on the different product’s reviews and still to be applied on other product’s reviews to enhance its scope. Finally, it will be helpful to automate existing manual process.

scholarly journals Deep Learning Methods for Classification of Certain Abnormalities in Echocardiography

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 495
Author(s):  
Imayanmosha Wahlang ◽  
Arnab Kumar Maji ◽  
Goutam Saha ◽  
Prasun Chakrabarti ◽  
Michal Jasinski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Variational Autoencoder ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Static Images ◽  
Long Short Term Memory ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
Better Than

This article experiments with deep learning methodologies in echocardiogram (echo), a promising and vigorously researched technique in the preponderance field. This paper involves two different kinds of classification in the echo. Firstly, classification into normal (absence of abnormalities) or abnormal (presence of abnormalities) has been done, using 2D echo images, 3D Doppler images, and videographic images. Secondly, based on different types of regurgitation, namely, Mitral Regurgitation (MR), Aortic Regurgitation (AR), Tricuspid Regurgitation (TR), and a combination of the three types of regurgitation are classified using videographic echo images. Two deep-learning methodologies are used for these purposes, a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) based methodology (Long Short Term Memory (LSTM)) and an Autoencoder based methodology (Variational AutoEncoder (VAE)). The use of videographic images distinguished this work from the existing work using SVM (Support Vector Machine) and also application of deep-learning methodologies is the first of many in this particular field. It was found that deep-learning methodologies perform better than SVM methodology in normal or abnormal classification. Overall, VAE performs better in 2D and 3D Doppler images (static images) while LSTM performs better in the case of videographic images.

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