scholarly journals Mapping ethical positions with regard to a coach’s decision to select (or not) an injured athlete

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-480
Author(s):  
Eric Fruchart ◽  
Patricia Rulence-Pâques ◽  
Cantisano Nicole
Keyword(s):  
Medical Staff ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
Professional Athletes ◽  
Amateur Athletes ◽  
Cluster Analyses ◽  
Information Cues ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Informational Cues ◽  
The Way

The study’s objective was to map ethical positions with regard to the way in which 219 participants (45 non-athletes, 91 amateur athletes, 28 professional athletes, 17 amateur coaches, 8 professional coaches, and 30 physiotherapists) used various informational cues (an athlete’s indispensability for the team, the importance of the competition, the opinion given by sports medicine professionals, and the injured athlete’s attitude) to judge the acceptability of a coach’s decision to select (or not) an injured athlete just before a competition. The participants specified their judgment of acceptability in 16 scenarios created by combining these information cues under two conditions (selection and non-selection). The data were analyzed using cluster analyses, analyses of variance, and chi-squared tests. We found four clusters. Not selecting an injured athlete was always judged to be acceptable. The four clusters differed in terms of the type of role in sport and the level of acceptability of selecting an injured athlete. A coach’s decision with regard to an athlete’s health may be judged differently, according to the rater’s profile. Enabling athletes to compete while injured might violate ethical principles. Coaches and medical staff should also be aware of and understand their legal responsibilities.

Problems of the Fight Against Doping in Professional Sports

2019 ◽  
pp. 202-240
Author(s):  
Anatoly Peskov
Keyword(s):  
Sports Medicine ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Professional Sports ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
Therapeutic Use ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Professional Athletes ◽  
International Standard ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Enforcement Mechanisms

Doping became, as many experts note, not only more diverse, highly specialized, and efficient, but also dangerous for the health of athletes. One of the main factors that allows athletes to escape responsibility is corruption. The author pays particular attention to research and new technologies in the field of sports medicine, including generating new kinds of doping. The chapter also examines the practice of international standard on granting exceptions on therapeutic use of drugs. The author suggests reconstructing the existing system of criminal and administrative law to develop new enforcement mechanisms in the fight against doping to impose a ban on the testing of new drugs on professional athletes.

Missing Data in Tryon's Cluster Analysis

1978 ◽  
Vol 47 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1039-1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Pierce
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Missing Data ◽  
Cluster Structure ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
Cluster Analyses ◽  
The Way

To explore the effects of different ways of treating missing data on the results of cluster analysis, six cluster analyses were calculated varying the total amount of missing data per participant and the way in which the missing data were treated. Variations in the amount of missing data (10%, 25%, and 50%) made little difference in the cluster structure, although there were some inversions of the order in which dimensions appeared. Variations in treatment of missing data (pairwise deletion versus conversions of blanks to zeros) also made little difference, although the appearance of one dimension among only those methods which converted blanks to zeros implies that treating blanks as missing may discard meaningful variance.

Issue Scales, Information Cues, and the Proximity and Directional Models of Voter Choice

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 772-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Kropko ◽  
Kevin K. Banda
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Strategies ◽  
Democratic Politics ◽  
Voter Behavior ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Information Cues ◽  
Voter Choice ◽  
Proximity Voting ◽  
The Way

One of the most important questions in the study of democratic politics centers on how citizens consider issues and candidate positions when choosing whom to support in an election. The proximity and directional theories make fundamentally different predictions about voter behavior and imply different optimal strategies for candidates, but a longstanding literature to empirically adjudicate between the theories has yielded mixed results. We use a survey experiment to show that the way that candidates’ issue positions are described can cue citizens to choose a candidate that is preferred under the expectations of either the proximity or the directional theory. We find that directional voting is more likely when the issue scale is understood to represent degrees of intensity with which either the liberal or the conservative side of the issue is expressed and that proximity voting is more likely when an issue scale is understood to be a range of policies.

scholarly journals Problem-based learning in sports medicine: the way forward or a backward step?

2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 623-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Franklyn-Miller ◽  
E. Falvey ◽  
P. McCrory
Keyword(s):  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Problem Based Learning ◽  
The Way

Orthoses for athletic overuse injuries. Comparison of two component materials

1993 ◽  
Vol 83 (9) ◽  
pp. 492-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
DH Richie ◽  
WR Olson
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Professional Athletes ◽  
Overuse Injuries ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Two Component

Forty recreational and professional athletes were followed in this prospective study comparing the acceptability and effectiveness of two orthotic component materials commonly used in sports medicine. TL-2100 SF (semiflexible) was compared to 4.0-mm thick polypropylene in six different subjective categories. The subjects were able to perceive a significant difference in favor of TL-2100 SF in the categories of weight, resilience and springiness, and overall comfort of the orthosis. The subjects were also able to perceive physical differences between these two component materials, which had previously been confirmed in laboratory studies.

scholarly journals You Are the Perfect Age: An Inquiry into Surgical Ethics during the Arc of a Career

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. E050-E056
Author(s):  
Curt G Tribble
Keyword(s):  
Young Age ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
Surgical Resident ◽  
Thoracic Surgeon ◽  
Surgical Ethics ◽  
Medical Ethicist ◽  
The Way

There is an old saying that history only makes sense in retrospect. I am sure that I am as susceptible to this adage as any other person. However, I will tell the story of my long history as an amateur medical ethicist, which is, to this day, how I would describe myself. My interest in the ethics of medicine, particularly as these ethical principles apply to interventions or procedures, started at a young age, fairly frequently going to the hospital with my father, a General and Thoracic Surgeon. I think that I found myself agreeing to accompany him, when invited, presuming that doing so would be a chance to spend some time with my dad, who was, throughout my childhood, either a surgical resident or a busy practicing surgeon. I will admit that I probably also figured that, at least late at night on the way home, we would stop by some establishment where we could get burgers and fries. However, I will start my reminiscences and reflections on these issues with a more recent story, as it prompted me to think back on my perceptions of those experiences of my youth.

scholarly journals Prevalence of hyperuricemia in professional athletes and its role in the genesis of various pathological conditions and metabolic disturbances

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 82-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Eliseev ◽  
I. Т. Vykhodets ◽  
I. V. Kruglova ◽  
M. N. Chikina ◽  
O. V. Zhelyabina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Professional Athletes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Clinical Center

In recent decades, the prevalence of hyperuricemia (HU) is increasing worldwide; the role of uric acid (UA) in the genesis of various metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and kidney disease is being discussed. There are very few investigations of the rate of HU and its role in the development of diseases in certain social groups, including in professional athletes.Objective:to estimate the prevalence of HU and its role in the genesis of various pathological conditions and metabolic disturbances in professional athletes.Patients and methods.A retrospective comparative one-stage study was conducted, for which 2148 athletes who met inclusion criteria were selected and examined in the Federal Research and Clinical Center for Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Federal Biomedical Agency, in 2015. A control group consisted of 99 ageand sex-matched healthy volunteers examined at the V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology in 2017. The analysis included a comparison of the rate of HU and other examined parameters in professional athletes and healthy volunteers. The examined parameters were separately compared in athletes with/without HU, followed by statistical processing of results.Results.HU was detected in 306 (14.2%) of the 2148 athletes, more often in men (n=253 (20%) than in women (n=53 (6%); (p<0.001). The rate of HU in the athletes was comparable with that in the healthy population (12.1%). The athletes with HU (n=306) compared with the other athletes (n=1842) had the following statistically higher indicators: the mean serum levels of creatinine, triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, creatinine phosphokinase, and myoglobin, glomerular filtration rate, and body mass index (BMI) (p<0.00001 for all cases).Conclusion.HU is detected quite often in professional athletes (14.2%), which is comparable with the indicators seen in healthy volunteers (12.1%). The high prevalence of HU and its association with indicators reflecting kidney function, lipid metabolic disturbances, and BMI necessitate further investigations aimed at searching the causes of HU and methods of its prevention and treatment in professional athletes.

scholarly journals Mapping Positions on Forgiving an Aggressor in Sport

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Fruchart ◽  
Patricia Rulence-Paques
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Cluster Solution ◽  
Amateur Athletes ◽  
Contact Sports ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Cluster 2

The objective of the present study was to map amateur athletes’ positions on forgiving an aggressor in sport under various circumstances. One hundred and twenty-eight participants judged forgiveness in 32 scenarios built from combinations of five factors (moral disengagement, intention, consequence, apology, and incentive). Following a cluster analysis, ANOVAs, and chi-squared tests, a three-cluster solution was found: “Mainly Forgive, with Non-Additive Integration,” “Seldom Forgive, with Additive Integration,” and “Moderately Forgive, with Additive Integration.” The clusters’ composition was related to the members’ sex and type of sport. Cluster 1 contained 19% of the women and 32% of the athletes from collision sports. Cluster 2 contained 72% of the men, 53% of the athletes from non-contact sports, and 43% of the athletes from contact sports. Cluster 3 contained 54% of the women, and 58% of the athletes from collision sports.

scholarly journals FREE TIME AND SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS IN A GROUP OF STUDENTS FROM TWO HIGH SCHOOLS IN BOTOSANI COUNTY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Albu ◽  
◽  
Mihaela Vlada ◽  
Adina Nechita ◽  
Florin Dima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Free Time ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Watching Tv ◽  
The City ◽  
School Activity ◽  
The Way

Introduction: it is necessary to assess the way students spend their free time in the final years of high school due to the poor results that have appeared recently in the baccalaureate exams. Methods: the study was carried out using a group of 202 students from the 11th and 12th grades from a National College (117 pupils) and a High School (85 pupils) from the city of Dorohoi, Botosani County. The young people filled in a questionnaire with questions about leisure activities and social relationships. The results were processed using Pearson's chi-squared test. Results and discussions: The time allocated daily for physical activity is mostly 15-30 minutes (23.76%) with significant differences between the two schools (p˂0.05). The time spent watching TV is mostly 0.5-1 hours (35.64%) with insignificant differences between grades (p>0.05). Most students (44.05%) do not sit at the computer, the calculated differences being statistically insignificant (p>0.05). When looking at social relationships we take into account friends, where in the majority of cases (32.4%) students have „one” true friend. This is a usual result because in this period of the adolescent's life the role the group of friends plays decreases, with significant differences between school years (p˂0.05). In their free time, they go out into town, mostly 2-3 evenings per week (28.71%), but there are also 31.68% negative answers. Parents are less concerned about school activity (“never” answers – 34.15%) with significant differences between grades (p˂0.01). Parents are also less concerned with the way their children spend their free time (“never” answers – 34.65%) with significant differences between school years (p˂0.05). Conclusions: there is a series of situations that guide us towards a modest concern for the future, both from students and their parents.

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