Differences in anthropometric and physical performance characteristics between U17, U19, and Senior Irish female international football players

2020 ◽  
pp. 174795412096819
Author(s):  
Brian Doyle ◽  
Declan Browne ◽  
Dan Horan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Physical Tests ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Test Level ◽  
Anthropometric Profile

This study aimed to compare the anthropometric physical performance characteristics of Irish female international footballers at U17, U19, and Senior age groups. Fifty-five (U17, n =24, U19, n =21, Senior, n = 10) female international football players participated in this study. The subjects underwent anthropometric measurements (height and body mass) and physical performance tests countermovement jump (CMJ), reactive strength index (RSI), 10-m, 20-m, 30-m linear sprint, and yo-yo intermittent recovery test level 1 (YYIR1). No significant differences were identified between any age groups for the anthropometric measures of height and body mass. Concerning the physical tests, senior players displayed greater CMJ scores in comparison with the U17 (P = 0.040). Senior players also possessed higher levels of reactive strength with large effect sizes present (ES = 0.83 - 0.92) in comparison to all age groups. No significant differences were identified between any of the age groups across the 10-m, 20-m, 30-m, and rolling 20-m linear speed assessments. Senior players covered the greatest distance in the YYIR1 (P = 0.0001) versus the U19 and U17. These results indicate there was no difference in the anthropometric profile of the age groups assessed. However, differences in physical performance characteristics were present between age groups, thus suggesting improvements in lower limb power and aerobic endurance are achievable in adulthood as players physically mature.

scholarly journals Características antropométricas y de rendimiento físico en futbolistas sub-11 según el nivel competitivo (Anthropometric and fitness performance characteristics in under-11 football players by competitive level)

Retos ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 146-149
Author(s):  
Víctor Torreblanca-Martínez ◽  
Alejandro Arráez ◽  
Fernando M. Otero-Saborido ◽  
José A. González-Jurado
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Oxygen Intake ◽  
Fatigue Index ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Jump Test ◽  
D 63

Objetivo: Estudiar las diferencias en características antropométricas y de rendimiento físico en jugadores de diferente nivel competitivo. Métodos: 86 jugadores de fútbol sub-11 de diferente nivel competitivo fueron sometidos a pruebas de velocidad (15 y 30 metros), salto con contramovimiento (CMJ), estimación del volumen de oxígeno máximo (VO2máx), velocidad máxima de golpeo, índice de fatiga en test de saltos continuos y medidas antropométricas de peso, altura e índice de masa corporal (IMC). Resultados: Los jugadores de un mayor nivel competitivo obtuvieron mejores resultados en velocidad en 15 (p = .000; d = 1.06) y 30 metros (p = .000; d = 1.12), salto CMJ (p = .017; d = .52), VO2máx (p = .004; d = .63) y velocidad de golpeo de balón (p = .041; d = .44), pero no en el índice de fatiga del test de saltos continuos (p = .663; d = .08). A su vez, tampoco se encontraron diferencias significativas en el peso (p = .938; d = .01), la altura (p = .115; d = .34) y el índice de masa corporal (p = .471; d = .28). Conclusiones: Este estudio muestra las diferencias de rendimiento físico y en medidas antropométricas analizadas en jugadores de fútbol sub-11 de diferente nivel competitivo, las cuales no han sido previamente estudiadas dentro de la literatura científica en este grupo de edad. Los jugadores de mayor nivel competitivo obtienen mejores resultados en los tests de rendimiento físico, excepto en el índice de fatiga de altura de salto. Sin embargo, las características antropométricas no permiten discernir entre ambos grupos.Abstract. Purpose: To study the differences in anthropometric and fitness performance characteristics in football players of different competitive levels. Methods: 86 under-11 football players of different competitive levels were subjected to sprint test (15 and 30 meters), countermovement Jump (CMJ), estimation of maximal oxygen intake (VO2máx), maximal kicking velocity, fatigue index in continuous jump test and anthropometrical measures of body mass, height and body mass index (BMI). Results: Players of a higher competitive level obtained better results in 15 (p = .000; d = 1.06) and 30 meters (p = .000; d = 1.12), CMJ (p = .017; d = .52), VO2max (p = .004; d = .63) and maximal kicking velocity (p = .041; d = .44), but not in fatigue index in continuous jump test (p = .663; d = .08). Likewise, no significant differences were found in body mass (p = .938; d = .01), height (p = .115; d = .34) and body mass index (p = .471; d = .28). Conclusions: This study shows the differences in fitness performance and anthropometric measures in under-11 football players of different competitive levels, which have not been previously reported in this age group. Players of higher competitive level obtained better results in fitness performance test, except in the fatigue index of jump height. However, anthropometric characteristics do not allow to distinguish between both groups.

Relative Age Effect in Young Swiss Alpine Skiers From 2004 to 2011

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiane Gorski ◽  
Thomas Rosser ◽  
Hans Hoppeler ◽  
Michael Vogt
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Relative Age ◽  
Relative Age Effect ◽  
Junior Athletes ◽  
Physical Tests ◽  
Alpine Skiers ◽  
And Performance

Purpose:To verify whether relative age effects (RAEs) occur among young male and female Swiss Alpine skiers of different age groups and performance levels. In addition, the efficacy of normalizing performance in physical tests to height and body mass to attenuate RAEs eventually present was tested.Methods:The Swiss Ski Power Test consists of anthropometric measures and physical tests for coordination and speed, endurance, and strength and has been used since 2004 to evaluate 11- to 19-y-old Swiss competitive Alpine skiers. The authors analyzed the distribution of 6996 tests performed by 1438 male and 1031 female Alpine skiers between 2004 and 2011 according to the athletes’ respective relative age quartiles. Differences in anthropometric measures and performance in physical tests according to quartile were assessed, and the possibility of attenuating eventual RAEs on performance by normalization of results to height and body mass was tested.Results:RAEs were found among all female and male age groups, with no differences between age groups. While performance level did not affect RAE for male skiers, it influenced RAE among female skiers. RAEs also influenced results in all physical tests except upper-limb strength. Normalization of results to body mass attenuated most RAEs identified.Conclusion:Small RAEs are present among young Swiss competitive Alpine skiers and should be taken into account in training and selection settings to prevent the waste of possible future talents. When ranking junior athletes according to their performance in physical tests, normalization of results to body mass decreases the bias caused by RAEs.

scholarly journals Associations between Inter-Limb Asymmetries in Jump and Change of Direction Speed Tests and Physical Performance in Adolescent Female Soccer Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3474
Author(s):  
Elena Pardos-Mainer ◽  
Chris Bishop ◽  
Oliver Gonzalo-Skok ◽  
Hadi Nobari ◽  
Jorge Pérez-Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Adolescent Female ◽  
Specific Training ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Percentage Difference ◽  
Hop Test ◽  
Physical Tests

The association between asymmetries in jump and change of direction (COD) with physical performance in several sports show inconclusive results. The purposes of this study were to: (1) measure inter-limb asymmetries in three distinct groups in adolescent female soccer players and, (2) to determine the association between inter-limb asymmetries and physical performance in different age groups. Fifty-four players were distributed in three age groups: U-18, U-16 and U-14. All of them performed a series of jumps, sprints and change of direction speed tests. Asymmetries were assessed as the percentage difference between limbs, with the equation: 100/Max value (right and left) * in value (right and left) * −1 + 100. Mean inter-limb asymmetries were 2.91%, 4.82% and 11.6% for 180° COD, single leg hop and single leg countermovement jump tests respectively, but higher percentages of asymmetries were observed in many players individually. U-18 and U-16 showed significant differences on 180° left COD compared to U-14. Effect size (ES): 0.80 and 0.74, respectively; U-18 presented differences on single left leg hop test compared to U-14, ES: −0.72; U-16 also showed differences on 40 m speed compared to U-14, ES 0.87 (All p < 0.05). Jumping and COD physical tests show asymmetries in adolescent female soccer players, but these asymmetries do not interfere with physical performance. The largest asymmetry was observed in the single leg countermovement jump, and no asymmetries between groups were found. Due to the high variability in the direction of asymmetries, it is recommended to consider players’ individual asymmetries for designing specific training programs.

scholarly journals Differences in Body Fat, Body Mass Index, and Physical Performance of Specific Field Tests in 10-to-12-Year-Old School-Aged Team Handball Players

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 9022
Author(s):  
Souhail Hermassi ◽  
Maha Sellami ◽  
Georg Fieseler ◽  
El Ghali Bouhafs ◽  
Lawrence D. Hayes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Anthropometric Parameter ◽  
Fat Body Mass ◽  
Medicine Ball

This study aimed to compare 10-to-12-year-old Qatari male athletes and assess body fat, body mass index, and physical fitness, as well as the difference of these measures between ages. Thirty-five youth handball players volunteered for the investigation and were divided into three groups: 12-year-old players (U12; n = 12), 11-year-old players (U11; n = 11), 10-year-old players (U10; n = 12). Anthropometry was assessed by body mass, body fat percentage (%BF), and body mass index (BMI). Measurements included the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1), jumping ability (squat and countermovement jumps (SJ and CMJ, respectively)), and sprint tests (10 and 15 m). The power of the upper extremity was measured by a 2-kg overhead medicine ball throw for distance. Except for %BF (p = 0.387) and BMI (p = 0.070), all anthropometric and demographic parameters were different between age groups. The largest differences were found for body mass (p = 0.007) and body height (p = 0.008). Regarding fitness parameters, only the medicine ball throw (p = 0.022) was different between age groups (U10 vs. U12: p = 0.009; U11 vs. U12: p = 0.048). There was no difference between groups for jumping (CMJ: p = 0.586; SJ: p = 0.377), sprinting (10 m: p = 0.211; 15 m: p = 0.194) and Yo-Yo IR1 (p = 0.228). Body fat was the anthropometric parameter with the strongest relationship with physical performance in that lower body fat was related to superior jumping performance and sprint performance. In conclusion, except for %BF and BMI, all anthropometric parameters were different between U10, U11, and U12 handball players. For physical parameters, jumping, sprinting, and endurance performance were not different between age groups. From a practical perspective, coaches can use these findings as reference for the evaluation of their school-aged handball players, as well as for establishing performance goals.

scholarly journals Rehabilitation interventions need more than methodological standardisation: an individualised approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000899
Author(s):  
Neil Welch ◽  
Chris Richter ◽  
Kieran Moran ◽  
Andy Franklyn-Miller
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Groin Pain ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Group Approach ◽  
Subject Analysis ◽  
Group Rehabilitation

Objectives: The main aim in the current study was to use a single-subject analysis to profile the physical performance characteristics of individuals within an injured group and a between-group approach to profile the group as a whole. These profiles were then used to inform single-subject and between-group rehabilitation interventions. Methods: Fifty-three (28 with athletic groin pain and 25 non-injured) Gaelic football players (24.8 years±7.1 years; 179 cm±5.5 cm; 79.7 kg±9.2 kg) underwent 3D biomechanical analysis, which was used to measure a series of physical performance characteristics. The non-injured group was used to create a ‘performance database’ to compare the injured individuals, and a between-group analysis was also conducted. The scores from each analysis were used to inform the targets of interventions. Results: The analysis highlighted the variety of profiles that existed across the tested individuals and that these profiles differed from that of the between-group analysis. By analysing individuals in a single-subject approach, detail can be seen that is lost with between-group analysis.

scholarly journals Relative age, maturation, anthropometry and physical performance characteristics of players within an Elite Youth Football Academy

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 714-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rickesh Patel ◽  
Alan Nevill ◽  
Ross Cloak ◽  
Tina Smith ◽  
Matthew Wyon
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Multilevel Modelling ◽  
Age Effects ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Relative Age ◽  
Youth Football ◽  
Physical Performances ◽  
Novel Approaches ◽  
Level 1

A professional English football club with Category 1 academy status was investigated to determine the magnitude of relative age effects (RAE) within the club and explore between-quartile differences for somatic maturity, anthropometry and physical performances. Birth dates of 426 players from Under 9 to First Team were categorised into four birth quartiles (Q) and examined for relative age effects. Additionally, data on 382 players (Under 11 to First Team) were obtained for somatic maturity, anthropometry, countermovement jump, sprint (10 and 30 m), agility T-test and Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Level 1 or 2 performance to determine between-quartile differences. Odds ratios revealed Q1 players were 6.0 times more likely to be represented than Q4 players. Multilevel modelling demonstrated between birth quartile similarities for each variable across all age groups, though there was a tendency for Q4 players to outperform Q1 players between Under 11 and Under 18 groups. Strong relative age effects exist within this club as well as a tendency to select players demonstrating advanced growth and/or maturity, with some indication that higher categorised academies in England may be at risk of amplified selection biases. Talent identification strategies in elite youth football should actively seek to adopt novel approaches to reduce selection biases and avoid wasted potential.

Comparison of Physical Performance Characteristics of Female and Male Ice Hockey Players

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Bracko ◽  
Gilbert W. Fellingham
Keyword(s):  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Hockey Players

Fifty-four female and 77 male hockey players ranging in age from 10–15 years volunteered for this study. Demographic data included: age (AGE) and years of playing experience (YPE). Off-ice tests included: height (HGT), body mass (BM), lean body mass (LBM), predicted body fat % (FAT%), 40-yard dash (40YD), vertical jump (VJ), push-ups/min (PUPS), sit-ups/min (SUPS), and sit-and-reach flexibility (S&R). On-ice performance skating tests included: acceleration (ACC), agility (AGL), and speed (SPD). On-ice anaerobic power (AnPow) was calculated using the formula of Watson and Sargeant (IS). Generally speaking, the females and males in this study had similar results in office fitness. The males consistently out-performed the females in the on-ice tests. It would be difficult for females to compete with or against same-aged males based on the fact that males are superior skaters.

Age Differences in Change-of-Direction Performance and Its Subelements in Female Football Players

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 440-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norikazu Hirose ◽  
Chikako Nakahori
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sprint Speed ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Age Related

Purpose:To describe cross-sectional age differences in change-of-direction performance (CODp) in female football players and investigate the relationship between CODp and linear-sprint speed, muscle power, and body size.Methods:A sample of 135 well-trained female football players was divided into 8 age groups. Anthropometry (height, body mass, and lean body mass) and athletic performance (10-m sprint speed, 10-m × 5-CODp, and 5-step bounding distance) were compared to determine interage differences using ANOVA. Then, the participants were divided into 3 age groups: 12- to 14-y-olds, 15- to 17-y-olds, and ≥ 18 y-olds. Simple- and multiple-regression analyses were conducted to determine the correlation between CODp and the other measurement variables in each age group.Results:Age-related differences were found for CODp (F = 10.41, P < .01), sprint speed (F = 3.27, P < .01), and bounding distance (F = 4.20, P < .01). Post hoc analysis revealed that the CODp of 17-y-old players was faster than that of 16-y-old players (P < .01), with no interage differences in sprint speed and bounding distance. Sprint speed and bounding distance were weakly correlated with CODp in 15- to ≥18-y-old players, but only sprint speed was correlated with CODp in 12- to 14-y-old players.Conclusions:CODp improves from 16 to 17 y of age in female players. Linear-sprint speed, muscle power, and body size were weakly correlated with the age differences in CODp.

scholarly journals Body Fat and Somatotype among Malaysian School Netball Players by Playing Performance

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
K. G. SOH ◽  
K. L. SOH ◽  
Mohd Sofian O. F. ◽  
S. L. ONG ◽  
O. O.
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
School Sports ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Parameter Values ◽  
Good Medium ◽  
Anthropometric Profile

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese. This research was to detennine the anthropometric profile among Under-18 year old Malaysian School Sports Council (MSSM) netball players. The anthropometric measures taken were height, body mass, body fat, and somatotype. It also investigated the differences in the anthropometric profile by playing performance. The subjects were all the 150 netball players who represented their states in the Under-18 MSSM Netball Competition in 2006・ They were divided into three categories by their playing performance - good, medium and fair. The body fat was measured using the skinfold method, and the somatotype using the Heath and Carter Somatotyping method. A significant difference was found in height by playing performance, with f-value of f(2, 147)=4.82, (p<.01). However, there were no significat differences in body mass, body fat and somatotype. The mean parameter values were height (164.79 ± 6.40 cm), body mass (58.76 ± 922 kg), body fat (1223+3.49%) and somatotype (3.29±0.99-3.52±1.48-2.69±1.18). The best players were the tallest, heaviest and had the highest body fat. They also had meso-endomorphic bodies while the lesser players were endo-mesomorphic. 此研究是測定馬來西亞體育學校理事會18歲以下投球球員的外型人體測量。人體測量度是以球員的高度、體質量、體脂和體型分類來判斷。藉此從表現狀況調查外型人體測量的差別。150名受試者都是代表各州參加2006年18歲以下馬來西亞體育學校理事會投球賽的球員，把她們的比賽表現分為三組--優良、中等和一般。研究運用測量皮膚表層的方法來固定體脂與Health-Carter人體測量方法測定體型調查。依據比賽的表現，發現球員的高度有顯著的差別(2, 147)=4.82, (p<.01)。可是，體質量、體脂和體型分類卻沒有明顯的差異。調查結果顯示各平均參數如下：高度(164.79 ± 6.40 cm)，體質量(58.76 ± 9.22 kg)，體脂(12.23±3.49%)和體型分類(3.29+0.99-3.52± 1.48-2.69± 1.18)。最優秀的球員身材較高大，擁有較高的體脂，她們多具有中胚層-內胚層體型而少數的球員是屬內胚層-中胚層體型。

Longitudinal Changes in the Physical Development of Elite Adolescent Rugby Union Players: Effect of Playing Position and Body Mass Change

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 520-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niall Casserly ◽  
Ross Neville ◽  
Massimiliano Ditroilo ◽  
Adam Grainger
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Mass Change ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Recovery Test ◽  
Longitudinal Changes ◽  
Body Mass Change ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Test Level

Purpose: The well-being of elite rugby union players has been intensely scrutinised in recent years. Understanding the longitudinal development of physical traits in junior players, alongside the moderating effect of simultaneous increases in body mass, can aid in improving programming and ultimately help junior players prepare for the demands of senior rugby. The purpose of this study was to investigate the longitudinal physical development of elite adolescent backs and forwards in a professional rugby union academy. Methods: A total of 15 players (age, 17.0 [0.2] y; body mass, 90 [14] kg; height, 183 [9] cm; n = 7 backs, n = 8 forwards) completed anthropometric measures and 3 primary performance assessments (countermovement jump, Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1, and 10-m speed) at baseline, year 2, and year 3. Mixed modelling was used to assess player development over time and differences in this development by playing position. Magnitude-based inferencing was used to assess the uncertainty in the effects. Results: There was a substantial increase in countermovement jump height for both groups combined (0.9, ±0.4; standardized improvement, ±90% confidence limits; most likely substantial). Forwards exhibited a moderate-sized decrease in speed (−1.0, ±0.5; very likely substantial), and there was a large difference between groups with regards to speed change with backs outperforming forwards (1.5, ±0.9; very likely substantial). For forward, body mass change had a large negative association with 10-m speed (−1.9, ±0.7; most likely substantial) and Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 change (−1.2, ±0.9; very likely substantial). Conclusion: These findings provide novel normative data for longitudinal changes in junior rugby union players and suggest that coaches should account for changes in body mass when targeting increases in speed and aerobic fitness.

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