scholarly journals Like mother, like child? Sex differences in the maternal transmission of offending among a Scottish cohort of pre-adolescent children

2021 ◽  
pp. 174889582110561
Author(s):  
Babak Jahanshahi ◽  
Susan McVie ◽  
Kath Murray
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Maternal Transmission ◽  
Strong Risk Factor ◽  
Parental Offending ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Female Offending ◽  
Self Report Data

That parental offending acts as a strong risk factor for offending in children is well-established within criminology. Yet, research on maternal offending is relatively limited, even though many women take on a significantly higher share of childcare responsibilities, and as such, might reasonably be expected to exert an especially strong influence on their children. In part, this lacuna might be attributed to a male-centric lens within criminology, which has tended to overlook female offending. Aimed in part at redressing this imbalance, this article investigates the maternal transmission of offending among a cohort of 12-year-olds, using self-report data from the longitudinal Growing Up in Scotland study. The analysis shows that intragenerational maternal offending acts as a significant predictor of offending among daughters, but that intergenerational offending does not. We found no significant relationship between mothers’ offending and sons’, who appear more vulnerable to a range of wider risk factors.

The Incarceration of Minority Youth

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Krisberg ◽  
Ira Schwartz ◽  
Gideon Fishman ◽  
Zvi Eisikovits ◽  
Edna Guttman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minority Youth ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Correctional Facilities ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Minority Children ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
Fbi Data ◽  
New Strategies

Minority youth are being incarcerated in public juvenile correctional facilities at rates three to four times that of whites. Their numbers are growing even though overall rates of serious youth crime are declining. FBI data and self-report data indicate that minority youth are somewhat more likely than white youngsters to be involved in serious crime but not to the extent that generally has been assumed. Recent research suggests that minority youth are more likely to be arrested and charged with serious crimes than comparably delinquent white youth. Although further research on these issues is imperative, it is also crucial that public officials begin testing out new strategies to reduce the tragic trend of ever more minority children growing up behind bars.

scholarly journals Anxiety and Depression in Youth During COVID-19: A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Tiffany Field ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Lack Of Exercise ◽  
Self Report Data

This narrative review on anxiety and depression in non-infected youth during COVID-19 is a summary of research on prevalence and risk factors derived from surveys on the Patient Health Questionnaire and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale. Anxiety and depression symptoms have been noted in youth (on average in 38% and 36% respectively) across several countries, although most of the studies have been from China and the U.S. The prevalence rates for both anxiety and depression have been significantly greater for females and lower for children versus high school and in turn, university students. Comorbidities have included stress, insomnia, social anxiety, PTSD, OCD, and suicidality, and the most frequent risk factors have been worries about COVID infection and academics as well as inactivity (lack of exercise) and excessive time on social media. The studies are limited by being cross-sectional samples that lack generalizability and by being self-report data.

scholarly journals Anxiety and Depression in Youth During COVID-19: A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Tiffany Field ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Lack Of Exercise ◽  
Self Report Data

This narrative review on anxiety and depression in non-infected youth during COVID-19 is a summary of research on prevalence and risk factors derived from surveys on the Patient Health Questionnaire and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale. Anxiety and depression symptoms have been noted in youth (on average in 38% and 36% respectively) across several countries, although most of the studies have been from China and the U.S. The prevalence rates for both anxiety and depression have been significantly greater for females and lower for children versus high school and in turn, university students. Comorbidities have included stress, insomnia, social anxiety, PTSD, OCD, and suicidality, and the most frequent risk factors have been worries about COVID infection and academics as well as inactivity (lack of exercise) and excessive time on social media. The studies are limited by being cross-sectional samples that lack generalizability and by being self-report data.

Correlating Personality and Actual Phone Usage

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 158-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Montag ◽  
Konrad Błaszkiewicz ◽  
Bernd Lachmann ◽  
Ionut Andone ◽  
Rayna Sariyska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
Voice Calls

In the present study we link self-report-data on personality to behavior recorded on the mobile phone. This new approach from Psychoinformatics collects data from humans in everyday life. It demonstrates the fruitful collaboration between psychology and computer science, combining Big Data with psychological variables. Given the large number of variables, which can be tracked on a smartphone, the present study focuses on the traditional features of mobile phones – namely incoming and outgoing calls and SMS. We observed N = 49 participants with respect to the telephone/SMS usage via our custom developed mobile phone app for 5 weeks. Extraversion was positively associated with nearly all related telephone call variables. In particular, Extraverts directly reach out to their social network via voice calls.

Articles Published in EJPA 2009–2010

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 290-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuulia M. Ortner ◽  
Isabella Vormittag
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Assessment ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Related Field ◽  
Broad Scope ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data

With reference to EJPA’s unique and broad scope, the current study analyzed the characteristics of the authors as well as the topics and research aims of the 69 empirical articles published in the years 2009–2010. Results revealed that more than one third of the articles were written by authors affiliated with more than one country. With reference to their research aims, an almost comparable number of articles (1) presented a new measure, (2) dealt with adaptations of measures, or (3) dealt with further research on existing measures. Analyses also revealed that most articles did not address any particular field of application. The second largest group was comprised of articles related to the clinical field, followed by the health-related field of application. The majority of all articles put their focus on investigating questionnaires or rating scales, and only a small number of articles investigated procedures classified as tests or properties of interviews. As to further characteristics of the method(s) used, a majority of EJPA contributions addressed self-report data. Results are discussed with reference to publication demands as well as the current and future challenges and demands of psychological assessment.

Does Dispositional Mindfulness Predict the Development of Grit?

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Buaphrao Raphiphatthana ◽  
Paul Jose ◽  
Karen Salmon
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Dispositional Mindfulness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
Acting With Awareness ◽  
Mindfulness Facets

Abstract. Grit, that is, perseverance and passion for long-term goals, is a novel construct that has gained attention in recent years ( Duckworth, Peterson, Matthews, & Kelly, 2007 ). To date, little research has been performed with the goal of identifying the antecedents of grit. Thus, in order to fill this gap in the literature, self-report data were collected to examine whether mindfulness, a mindset of being-in-the-present in a nonjudgmental way, plays a role in fostering grittiness. Three hundred and forty-three undergraduate students completed an online survey once in a cross-sectional study, and of these, 74 students completed the survey again 4.5 months later. Although the cross-sectional analyses identified a number of positive associations between mindfulness and grit, the longitudinal analysis revealed that the mindfulness facets of acting with awareness and non-judging were the most important positive predictors of grit 4.5 months later. This set of findings offers implications for future grit interventions.

The Effects of Questionnaire Length and Behavioral Consequences on Careless Responding

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 410-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony M. Gibson ◽  
Nathan A. Bowling
Keyword(s):  
Self Report ◽  
Randomized Experiments ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Buffering Effect ◽  
Careless Responding ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Limited Support ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
Consistent Support

Abstract. The current paper reports the results of two randomized experiments designed to test the effects of questionnaire length on careless responding (CR). Both experiments also examined whether the presence of a behavioral consequence (i.e., a reward or a punishment) designed to encourage careful responding buffers the effects of questionnaire length on CR. Collectively, our two studies found (a) some support for the main effect of questionnaire length, (b) consistent support for the main effect of the consequence manipulations, and (c) very limited support for the buffering effect of the consequence manipulations. Because the advancement of many subfields of psychology rests on the availability of high-quality self-report data, further research should examine the causes and prevention of CR.

Why Ecological Momentary Assessment Surveys Go Incomplete?: When It Happens and How It Impacts Data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Hsiang Wu ◽  
Jingjing Xu ◽  
Elizabeth Stangl ◽  
Shareka Pentony ◽  
Dhruv Vyas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Data Logging ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Real Time Data ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Momentary Assessment

Abstract Background Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) often requires respondents to complete surveys in the moment to report real-time experiences. Because EMA may seem disruptive or intrusive, respondents may not complete surveys as directed in certain circumstances. Purpose This article aims to determine the effect of environmental characteristics on the likelihood of instances where respondents do not complete EMA surveys (referred to as survey incompletion), and to estimate the impact of survey incompletion on EMA self-report data. Research Design An observational study. Study Sample Ten adults hearing aid (HA) users. Data Collection and Analysis Experienced, bilateral HA users were recruited and fit with study HAs. The study HAs were equipped with real-time data loggers, an algorithm that logged the data generated by HAs (e.g., overall sound level, environment classification, and feature status including microphone mode and amount of gain reduction). The study HAs were also connected via Bluetooth to a smartphone app, which collected the real-time data logging data as well as presented the participants with EMA surveys about their listening environments and experiences. The participants were sent out to wear the HAs and complete surveys for 1 week. Real-time data logging was triggered when participants completed surveys and when participants ignored or snoozed surveys. Data logging data were used to estimate the effect of environmental characteristics on the likelihood of survey incompletion, and to predict participants' responses to survey questions in the instances of survey incompletion. Results Across the 10 participants, 715 surveys were completed and survey incompletion occurred 228 times. Mixed effects logistic regression models indicated that survey incompletion was more likely to happen in the environments that were less quiet and contained more speech, noise, and machine sounds, and in the environments wherein directional microphones and noise reduction algorithms were enabled. The results of survey response prediction further indicated that the participants could have reported more challenging environments and more listening difficulty in the instances of survey incompletion. However, the difference in the distribution of survey responses between the observed responses and the combined observed and predicted responses was small. Conclusion The present study indicates that EMA survey incompletion occurs systematically. Although survey incompletion could bias EMA self-report data, the impact is likely to be small.

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