Atmospheric circulation and mortality by unintentional drowning in Spain: from 1999 to 2018

2021 ◽  
pp. 175791392110071
Author(s):  
Á del Real ◽  
A Sanchez-Lorenzo ◽  
J-A Lopez-Bustins ◽  
MT Zarrabeitia ◽  
A Santurtún
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Circulation ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Research Unit ◽  
Climatic Research Unit ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
European Continent ◽  
Spatially Correlated ◽  
Atmospheric Circulation Patterns

Aims: Drowning deaths are a leading cause of unintentional deaths worldwide. Few studies have analysed the role of meteorology in drowning, and with inconclusive results. The aim of this work is to analyse the temporal and geographical distribution of deaths by accidental drowning and submersion in Spain over 20 years, and to assess the relationship between accidental drowning and main atmospheric circulation patterns. Methods: An ecological study was performed, in which drowning and submersion mortality data from 1999 to 2018, considering demographic variables, were analysed. To study the association with atmospheric circulation we used an ERA5 reanalysis product over the whole European continent and the Climatic Research Unit Time Series (CRU TS) data set. Results: The annual average rate of deaths by accidental drownings was 11.86 deaths per million of habitants in Spain. The incidence in males was four times higher than in females, and when comparing age groups, the rate in the eldest group was the highest. Unintentional drowning deaths were not equally distributed around the country; the provinces with the highest registered standardized drowning death rates were touristic waterfront provinces either in Eastern Spain or in one of the archipelagos. There was a significant relationship between accidental drowning and meteorological variables during summer months, and drowning deaths were spatially correlated with sea-level pressure over the Mediterranean basin. Conclusion: Although the mortality rate registered a statistically significant decreasing tendency over the studied period, our results must be taken into consideration to improve the prevention strategies in the country since most of these deaths are avoidable.

scholarly journals Births to Teens Older and Younger Than 17 Years in San Bernardino County and California

2004 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Kofi Adade Boafo ◽  
Bruce Smith ◽  
Naomi N Modeste ◽  
Thomas J Prendergast, Jr
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Teen Mothers ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
San Bernardino County ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Data Set ◽  
San Bernardino

Objective: The purpose of this cohort, descriptive study was to attempt to understand the variables associated with discordant infant mortality among teenagers 17-19 years old whose infants demonstrated higher mortality than infants of teenagers who were younger than 17 years old in San Bernardino County, California. The intent was to elicit further research and/or define appropriate interventions for teen mothers within the age range 17-19 years. Methods: Data was abstracted from an electronic infant mortality data set, the State of California Birth Cohort File in which birth records from San Bernardino County for the period 1989 through 1993 were matched with mortality records. Results: The data showed that infants of white teens within the 17-19 age groups were more likely to have higher infant mortality rates when compared to their younger peers. Infant mortality rates among offspring of Hispanic and black teenage mothers showed no discrepancy between the two groups nor between county and state rates. Conclusions: Further study is needed to answer why infants of white teen mothers in the 17-19 age groups have higher mortality rates. There is also a need to review the services rendered to pregnant and parenting adolescents in San Bernardino County. In addition, very low birth weight infants were much more likely to die when born to older teens than when born to younger teens.

scholarly journals The CRUTEM4 land-surface air temperature data set: construction, previous versions and dissemination via Google Earth

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Osborn ◽  
P. D. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Research Unit ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Climatic Research Unit ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Precise Version

Abstract. The CRUTEM4 (Climatic Research Unit Temperature, version 4) land-surface air temperature data set is one of the most widely used records of the climate system. Here we provide an important additional dissemination route for this data set: online access to monthly, seasonal and annual data values and time series graphs via Google Earth. This is achieved via an interface written in Keyhole Markup Language (KML) and also provides access to the underlying weather station data used to construct the CRUTEM4 data set. A mathematical description of the construction of the CRUTEM4 data set (and its predecessor versions) is also provided, together with an archive of some previous versions and a recommendation for identifying the precise version of the data set used in a particular study. The CRUTEM4 data set used here is available from doi:10.5285/EECBA94F-62F9-4B7C-88D3-482F2C93C468.

scholarly journals Investigating changes in atmospheric circulation patterns connected to extreme precipitation in Norway

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karianne Ødemark ◽  
Malte Müller ◽  
Ole Einar Tveito ◽  
Cyril Palerme
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Circulation ◽  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Good Description ◽  
Construction Technique ◽  
Sea Ice Concentration ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Atmospheric Circulation Patterns ◽  
Extreme Precipitation Events ◽  
Circulation Patterns ◽  
Precipitation Events

<p>Extreme precipitation events that lead to excess surface water and flood are becoming an amplifying societal cost as a result of both the increasing precipitation amounts in recent years and urbanization. Knowledge about extreme precipitation events is important for the ability to predict them, but also to know how often they occur with various intensities in order to estimate design values for constructions and critical infrastructure. A good description of extreme precipitaton is a challenge since observation networks are often too sparse to describe the spatial structure of precipitation, and the highest amounts are most likely not captured by a precipitation gauge. For the study of extreme precipitation events by means of statistical analysis, long timesteries are required, which is a major challenge when using conventional or new observational data records.  Here, a data set constructed from the numerical seasonal prediction system at ECMWF, SEAS5, has been applied to evaluate mechanisms controlling extreme precipitation events. The construction technique gives the ability to increase the event sample size compared to conventional data sets. We analyze 3-day  maximum precipitation events in the September-October-November season for an area on the west coast of Norway, an area subject to the largest precipitation amounts in Europe. A principal component analysis of the 500 hPa geopotential anomaly has been performed to identify atmospheric circulation patterns related to the extreme precipitation events. We find that two of the EOFs are related to precipitation with high return values for the selected area. These two EOFs have a significant trend over the data period, but with opposing signs. We also investigate the connection between both sea surface temperature (SST) and sea-ice concentration in the Barents-Kara sea and the occurrence of extreme precipitation.</p>

scholarly journals Point forecasts of mortality rates in Malaysia: a comparison of principal component methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 1661
Author(s):  
Wan Zakiyatussariroh Wan Husin ◽  
Nazatul Shahreen Zainal Abidin
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Forecast Accuracy ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Error Measures ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Point Forecast

<span>The problem of forecasting mortality has been widely discussed and is being considered as an important issue among actuaries and demographers. Using age and sex-specific mortality data in Malaysia, we compare and evaluate the point forecast accuracy of six principal component methods.  These six methods are the Lee-Carter (LC) method, the unadjusted LC method (LCnone), the Lee-Miller (LM) variant, the Booth-Mandonald-Smith variant (BMS) and the two versions of the Hyndman-Ullah (HU). The overall performance of all methods was evaluated using out-sample forecasts based on the six error measures of three different data spanning with three different step-ahead forecasts. The data set consists of annual age-specific death rates (ASDR) for 17 age groups for both genders for the years 1980 to 2011.  Results show that when the fitted period is longer, the LM method exhibits a better fit in Malaysia male ASDR and the HU6 method attains a better fit in Malaysia female ASDR. When the fitted period becomes shorter, the BMS method outperforms for male and HU1 for female ASDR. However, for overall performance, the LM method consistently outperforms others for Malaysia male ASDR and the LM and HU methods are the best good of fit for Malaysia ASDR.</span>

Inequalities and Impact of Socioeconomic-Cultural Factors in Suicide Rates Across Italy

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 178-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Pompili ◽  
Marco Innamorati ◽  
Monica Vichi ◽  
Maria Masocco ◽  
Nicola Vanacore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Age And Sex

Background: Suicide is a major cause of premature death in Italy and occurs at different rates in the various regions. Aims: The aim of the present study was to provide a comprehensive overview of suicide in the Italian population aged 15 years and older for the years 1980–2006. Methods: Mortality data were extracted from the Italian Mortality Database. Results: Mortality rates for suicide in Italy reached a peak in 1985 and declined thereafter. The different patterns observed by age and sex indicated that the decrease in the suicide rate in Italy was initially the result of declining rates in those aged 45+ while, from 1997 on, the decrease was attributable principally to a reduction in suicide rates among the younger age groups. It was found that socioeconomic factors underlined major differences in the suicide rate across regions. Conclusions: The present study confirmed that suicide is a multifaceted phenomenon that may be determined by an array of factors. Suicide prevention should, therefore, be targeted to identifiable high-risk sociocultural groups in each country.

Economical exposition to drought events (1980-2001)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloé Meyer
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Research Unit ◽  
Precipitation Index ◽  
Climatic Research Unit ◽  
Columbia University ◽  
East Anglia ◽  
Gis Modeling ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Year 2000

Estimation of the annual economical exposition to drought based on Standardized Precipitation Index. It is based on three sources: 1) A global monthly gridded precipitation dataset obtained from the Climatic Research Unit (University of East Anglia). 2) A GIS modeling of global Standardized Precipitation Index based on Brad Lyon (IRI, Columbia University) methodology. 3) A Global Domestic Product grid for the year 2010, provided by the World Bank. Unit is expected average annual GDP (2007 as the year of reference) exposed in (US $, year 2000 equivalent). For more information, visit: http://preview.grid.unep.ch/ Cost Drought Exposure Risk

scholarly journals Time trends in hospital discharges in patients aged 85 years and older in Spain: data from the Spanish National Discharge Database (2000–2015)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Palacios-Fernandez ◽  
Mario Salcedo ◽  
Gregorio Gonzalez-Alcaide ◽  
Jose-Manuel Ramos-Rincon
Keyword(s):  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Very Elderly ◽  
Hospital Discharges ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Discharged Patients ◽  
Hospital Systems

Abstract Background The aging population is an increasing concern in Western hospital systems. The aim of this study was to describe the main characteristics and hospitalization patterns in inpatients aged 85 years or more in Spain from 2000 to 2015. Methods Retrospective observational study analyzing data from the minimum basic data set, an administrative registry recording each hospital discharge in Spain since 1997. We collected administrative, economic and clinical data for all discharges between 2000 and 2015 in patients aged 85 years and older, reporting results in three age groups and four time periods to assess differences and compare trends. Results There were 4,387,326 discharges in very elderly patients in Spain from 2000 to 2015, representing 5.32% of total discharges in 2000–2003 and 10.42% in 2012–2015. The pace of growth was faster in older age groups, with an annual percentage increase of 6% in patients aged 85–89 years, 7.79% in those aged 90–94 years, and 8.06% in those aged 95 and older. The proportion of men also rose (37.30 to 39.70%, p < 0.001). The proportion of patients that died during hospital admission decreased from 14.64% in 2000–2003 to 13.83% in 2012–2015 (p < 0.001), and mean length of stay from 9.98 days in 2000–2003 to 8.34 days in 2012–2015. Some of the most frequent primary diagnoses became even more frequent relative to the total number of primary diagnoses, such as heart failure (7.84 to 10.62%), pneumonia (6.36 to 7.36%), other respiratory diseases (3.87 to 8.49%) or other alterations of urinary tract (3.08 to 5.20%). However, there was a relative decrease in the proportion of femoral neck fractures (8.07 to 6.77%), neoplasms (7.65 to 7.34%), ischemic encephalopathy (6.97 to 5.85%), COPD (4.23 to 3.15%), ischemic cardiomyopathy (4.20 to 8.49%) and cholelithiasis (3.07 to 3.28%). Conclusions Discharges in the very elderly population are increasing in both relative and absolute terms in Spanish hospitals. Within this group, discharged patients are getting older and more frequently male. The mean length of stay and the proportion of patients that died during hospital admission are decreasing. Acute-on-chronic organ diseases, neoplasms, acute cardiovascular diseases, and infections are the most common causes of discharge.

scholarly journals The decomposition of life expectancy for age and cause of death in Tuscany, Italy

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Nante ◽  
L Kundisova ◽  
F Gori ◽  
A Martini ◽  
F Battisti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
National Level ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Reduction Of Mortality ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Changing of life expectancy at birth (LE) over time reflects variations of mortality rates of a certain population. Italy is amongst the countries with the highest LE, Tuscany ranks fifth at the national level. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the impact of various causes of death in different age groups on the change in LE in the Tuscany region (Italy) during period 1987-2015. Material and methods Mortality data relative to residents that died during the period between 1987/1989 and 2013/2015 were provided by the Tuscan Regional Mortality Registry. The causes of death taken into consideration were cardiovascular (CVS), respiratory (RESP) and infective (INF) diseases and cancer (TUM). The decomposition of LE gain was realized with software Epidat, using the Pollard’s method. Results The overall LE gain during the period between two three-years periods was 6.7 years for males, with a major gain between 65-89, and 4.5 years for females, mainly improved between 75-89, &lt;1 year for both sexes. The major gain (2.6 years) was attributable to the reduction of mortality for CVS, followed by TUM (1.76 in males and 0.83 in females) and RESP (0.4 in males; 0.1 in females). The major loss of years of LE was attributable to INF (-0.15 in females; -0.07 in males) and lung cancer in females (-0.13), for which the opposite result was observed for males (gain of 0.62 years of LE). Conclusions During the study period (1987-2015) the gain in LE was major for males. To the reduction of mortality for CVS have contributed to the tempestuous treatment of acute CVS events and secondary CVS prevention. For TUM the result is attributable to the adherence of population to oncologic screening programmes. The excess of mortality for INF that lead to the loss of LE can be attributed to the passage from ICD-9 to ICD-10 in 2003 (higher sensibility of ICD-10) and to the diffusion of multi-drug resistant bacteria, which lead to elevated mortality in these years. Key messages The gain in LE during the period the 1987-2015 was higher in males. The major contribution to gain in LE was due to a reduction of mortality for CVS diseases.

scholarly journals WHY DON’T OLDER ADULTS USE SENIOR CENTERS? EVIDENCE FROM A SAMPLE OF MASSACHUSETTS ADULTS AGE 50 AND OLDER

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S498-S498
Author(s):  
Ceara Somerville ◽  
Nidya Velasco Roldan ◽  
Cindy N Bui ◽  
Caitlin E Coyle
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Senior Center ◽  
Community Resource ◽  
Senior Centers ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Vast Range

Abstract Senior centers are an integral community resource, providing programs and services intended to meet the vast range of needs and interests of older adults. There is a growing literature describing senior center participants and benefits to participation, but little is known about those who choose not to participate at a local senior center. This presentation uniquely characterizes non-users of senior centers, based on a sample of community-dwelling adults aged 50+ from seven communities in Massachusetts (N = 9,462). To date, this is the largest data set that describes senior center usage. Most of the sample were women (60%) and in the 60-69 age group (36%). More than three quarters of the sample do not use the local senior center (77%). The most common reasons for non-usage were lack of interest (27%) and not feeling old enough (26%). There are significant differences in reasons of non-usage among age groups and gender (p &lt; .001). Younger age groups’ (50-69) most popular reasons for non-usage were not feeling old enough, not having time, inconvenient senior center hours, and not knowing what is offered. In contrast, older age groups (80+) more frequently reported having no interest or using programs elsewhere. Men were more likely to report not being interested and not being familiar with what is offered. Women were more likely to report not having time, inconvenient hours of programming, and using programs elsewhere. Based on results from this study, this presentation will outline implications for the future of senior centers and their programming.

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