scholarly journals Urban Social Assistance in China: Transnational Diffusion and National Interpretation

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Liu ◽  
Li Sun
Keyword(s):  
Social Assistance ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Social Citizenship ◽  
Social Investment ◽  
China Policy ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The Us ◽  
Multiple Regions ◽  
European Values ◽  
Different Parts

In 1999 the State Council of the People's Republic of China (PRC) introduced the Regulation on the Minimum Living Standard Scheme (MLSS, [Formula: see text] or dibao) for urban residents in China. Policy learning from different parts of the world significantly shaped the formation and expansion of the MLSS, and Chinese social policy researchers have drawn conclusions about the experiences of these multiple regions. Through expert interviews, we discovered that the Chinese social assistance scheme has been influenced by the US ideas of “social investment” and “workfare.” Furthermore, the European values of “universal entitlement” and “social citizenship” have also been internalised by the Chinese actors behind the scheme. In addition, Hong Kong's social assistance scheme has inspired Chinese policymakers to explore a model consisting of various categories that target the country's enormous special welfare needs. Thus, scholars and policymakers from China have used values and ideas outside China to create a hybrid model of social assistance that is characterised by broad coverage, a low benefit level, and a highly provincial administrative structure.

Implications of the US War on Terrorism for US - China Policy: A Strategic Window

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Carter ◽  
Costello Jr. ◽  
Kendrick Peter A. ◽  
Pittard William D. ◽  
Dana J.
Keyword(s):  
War On Terrorism ◽  
China Policy ◽  
The Us

Focusing on India’s Look East Policy: India–China relationship from 1947 to 2020

2021 ◽  
pp. 223386592110183
Author(s):  
Kaushik Roy
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
International System ◽  
China Policy ◽  
Economic Competition ◽  
Intimate Contact ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
China And India ◽  
The World

Before the onset of the industrial revolution, China and India were the two biggest powers in Eurasia. Their total population comprised almost half of the world’s population. And the GNP of premodern China was half of the combined GNP of the world. Before circa 1600 CE, most of the textiles and iron in the world were manufactured in these two countries. China and India suffered a temporary eclipse during the age of colonialism. However, with the rise of the economic and military power of China and India from the late 20th century, it seems that these two countries are bound to reclaim their traditional positions as big powers in the international system. However, there is a caveat. In the premodern era, the Himalayas prevented any intimate contact between the ‘dragon’ and the ‘elephant’. But, from the mid-20th century, advances in technology, economic competition and the annexation of Tibet by the People’s Republic of China (PRC) among other factors resulted in China and India coming into direct contact with each other. The result has been cooperation–competition–conflict. And this has had consequences not only for these two countries but for the whole world. The present article attempts to trace the troubled trajectory of India’s China policy from the late 1940s (when these two countries became independent) up to the present day.

scholarly journals Strings Attached

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (05) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Tim Sprinkle
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
American Business ◽  
Us Economy ◽  
Foreign Government ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Us Government ◽  
International Investors ◽  
Different Parts

This article discusses reasons for various American startup companies to shift abroad for funding and production, and their impact on the American business scenarios. Founders are accepting funding from overseas investors, setting up supply chains in different parts of the world, servicing customers internationally, and even selling their businesses to foreign government-backed funds. Although the idea of losing American inventions and technologies to international investors and buyers is not generally good for public relations, the current landscape of global startup development has winners on both sides, and overseas involvement in US companies does not necessarily mean a net loss domestically. The US government must find a way to move the US economy forward, preventing predatory pricing and mercantilist practices by exporters while at the same time reaping the international flow of ideas and funds that power innovation. The experts believe that ignoring the rest of the world would not only limit the growth potential of US startups, but over time would reduce America’s global leadership in innovation.

The Communist Contest for Status

2019 ◽  
pp. 82-133
Author(s):  
Deborah Welch Larson ◽  
Alexei Shevchenko
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Competition ◽  
The West ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Economic Production ◽  
Communist Ideology ◽  
The Us ◽  
Catch Up

This chapter argues that both the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China (PRC) pursued social competition with the Western states while at the same time seeking recognition from the states they were trying to subvert. Stalin sought to increase the power and prestige of the Soviet state through coerced industrialization, and Khrushchev made an effort to “catch up and surpass” the West in economic production. The PRC sought to improve its status by allying with the Soviet Union, but the Chinese chafed under their status as “younger brothers” to their senior ally, and eventually Mao challenged the Soviets for leadership of the international communist movement. In the 1970s, China took advantage of the US need to balance Soviet military power by putting aside communist ideology to become a tacit ally of the United States, part of a “strategic triangle.”

scholarly journals Proving Chinese Law in the Courts of the United States

Amicus Curiae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-215
Author(s):  
Richard K Wagner
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
English Language ◽  
The United States ◽  
Civil Procedure ◽  
Business Culture ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Chinese Law ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Chinese Business ◽  
The Us

The volume of disputes heard by United States (US) courts containing a China element continues to be robust even against a backdrop of political rhetoric concerning an economic ‘de-coupling’ of the US and China. These cross-border disputes often involve Chinese parties and special issues, some of which concern Chinese business culture, but many of which involve interpreting questions of Chinese law. How is proving Chinese law accomplished in these cases and how have US courts performed in interpreting Chinese law? This article first discusses the approach to proving Chinese law in US courts. While expert testimony is often submitted and can be valuable to a US court, the applicable US rule offers no standards by which these opinions are to be judged. And, in the China context, without specific guidance, it can be challenging for a judge, unaccustomed with China or the Chinese legal system to determine which version of the law to believe. Moreover, under the applicable rule, the US court can simply ignore competing Chinese law opinions and conduct its own Chinese law legal research, presumably using English language sources. This can lead to interesting interpretations of Chinese law to say the least. The article anchors its discussion in an examination of those recent cases which have interpreted Article 277 of the Civil Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China. This is the legal provision of Chinese law that can be implicated in certain situations involving cross-border discovery, and there are now numerous Article 277 cases among the reported US decisions. The article analyses Article 277 by placing it within the larger context of Chinese civil procedure and argues that the language used in the provision has a special meaning within Chinese evidence law that has been obscured in those US case decisions interpreting it, leading to erroneous results. The article concludes by offering judges and practitioners some suggestions for interpreting Chinese law in future US cases. Keywords: Chinese law; US courts; Article 277; deposition; cross-border discovery; Hague Evidence Convention; Chinese civil procedure.

scholarly journals La industria española de defensa ante los nuevos conflictos: capacidades a aportar

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-81
Author(s):  
Christian Villanueva
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The Third ◽  
Us Military ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
The Us ◽  
Revolution In Military Affairs ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Military Revolution ◽  
Criminal Groups

Conflicts such as Nagorno-Karabakh, the Donbas, Libya, Syria and Yemen have shown that even in such different scenarios, the diffusion of the key advances that were at the heart of the Revolution in Military Affairs is a fact. Moreover, most of these advances are so well established that they are now in daily use not only by many states, but also by their proxies and even by transnational terrorist and criminal groups. This phenomenon is intimately associated with the erosion of US military superiority, a country that is seeing how the People's Republic of China or the Russian Federation, but also North Korea or Iran, are capable of challenging the former superpower. In this scenario, aware of the need to compensate for the advances made by the other players, the US has launched a series of initiatives, such as the Third Offset Strategy, aimed at achieving new technological and arms developments that could lead to a new Revolution in Military Affairs or, perhaps, a full-fledged Military Revolution. In this complex context, in which conflicts fought with inherited means will converge with new weapons, systems and platforms and with the entry into service of developments that we cannot yet imagine, the Spanish defence industry will have to struggle to survive, knowing that its main customer - the Spanish Ministry of Defence - is in a very delicate situation in terms of facing this new stage.

scholarly journals The usual anaerobic bacterial suspects extracted from a global metagenomic database of Covid19 patients from Peru, Cambodia, China, Brazil and the US - Prevotella, Veillonella, Capnocytophaga, Fusobacterium, Oribacterium and Bacteroides should be monitored for colonization

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Anaerobic Respiration ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Heme Binding ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
The Us ◽  
Hemoglobin Degradation ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase ◽  
Different Parts

The Covid19 pandemic [1], triggered by novel strain of a coronavirus SARS-Cov2 [2] has spread globally like a wildfire [3] after being first detected in Wuhan.Previous studies from China, Brazil and the US:Previously, several sequencing datasets - some of them published [4–9], others having sequencing data sub- mitted in NCBI (with no associated publications) [10–13] - have revealed the metagenome in these patients from different parts of the world. The overwhelming presence of anaerobic bacteria (very low concentration of oxygen kills them) in these patients has led to the theory that antibiotics (like doxycycline/Metronidazole) targeting these specific organisms may provide better clinical results [14].Two more studies added - patients from Peru and Cambodia:Here, two more studies from Peru (Table 1) and Cambodia (Table 2) provide further corroboration to the anaerobic bacteria theory. These anaerobic bacteria have virtually colonized the metagenome - pushing other aerobic species out of the niche, disrupting the homeostasis. Around 30% and 23% of the reads from Peru and Cambodia are bacterial, respectively. This is not observed in other patients, even when having chronic issues [15].Common opportunistic anaerobic bacteria in this global metagenomic Covid19 datasetHere, I enumerate common opportunistic anaerobic bacteria present in this global metagenomic Covid19 dataset (Table 3). Any or multiple of these might become the main colonizer after SARS-Cov2 infection in Covid19. The trigger of such an event is still elusive. However, once this happens, some of these bacte- ria express hemoglobin degrading proteins [16], heme-binding proteins sequestering heme after hemoglobin degradation [17], ‘plundering‘ iron, and thereby sequestering oxygen [18]. Hypoxia could also result from formate, the by-product of anaerobic respiration, which inhibits mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase, causing hypoxia at the cellular level [19].

scholarly journals Внешняя политика США в восприятии и оценках современного американского общества

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
Лариса ГАРУСОВА
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The Past ◽  
Strategic Approach ◽  
The Us ◽  
Informational Basis ◽  
American Research ◽  
American Society ◽  
The Relationship

Анализируется взаимосвязь и корреляция современной внешнеполитической стратегии США с общественной рефлексией на неё. Информационной основой работы являются результаты социологических опросов ведущих американских исследовательских центров, статистические данные, статьи, официальные документы. Прослежена связь официальных внешнеполитических доктрин и мнения американских граждан в отношении России и Китая. Выявлена корреляция между усилением антикитайских настроений в США за последние два года и появлением новой официальной стратегии Вашингтона в отношении КНР («Стратегический подход США к КНР») от 20 мая 2020 г. внешняя политика, США, стратегия, рефлексия, общественное мнение, Россия, Китай, национальная безопасность This article analyzes the relationship and correlation of the US modern foreign policy strategy with public reflection on it. Washington's active foreign policy and US claims to the role of world leader are supported by American society in recent decades. The informational basis of this work is the analysis of the sociological surveys of leading American research centers, statistics, academic articles, as well as official documents on the studied issues. The study revealed the peculiarities of the perception of traditional and new threats to national and international security by the American elite and society. The author traces the connection between official foreign policy doctrines and the opinions of American citizens regarding Russia and China. A correlation was found between the strengthening of anti-Chinese sentiment in the US over the past two years and the appearance of a new official strategy of Washington towards the PRC (“United States Strategic Approach to The People’s Republic of China”) in May 20, 2020. foreign policy, USA, strategy, reflection, public opinion, Russia, China, national security

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document