Argan Oil, Functional Food, and the Sustainable Development of the Argan Forest

For years, in southwestern Morocco, the decline of the argan forest has been accompanied by the concomitant desert encroachment. Preservation of this forest by increasing the economic value of argan tree was proposed twenty years ago, but successful large scale production of certified, high quality argan oil, an edible oil introduced as a functional food, has only been recently achieved. Argan oil is now marketed in most developed countries, despite its elevated price, and protection of the argan forest is now seriously being considered. The aim of this work is to present the recent progress made in argan oil production, the ways explored to commercialize the oil extraction by-products, and recent attempts to use other argan tree parts as part of a long term aim to preserve the argan forest.

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Low-cost Large Scale Vermicompost Unit

Journal of Physics Conference Series ◽

10.1088/1742-6596/2115/1/012026 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2115 (1) ◽

pp. 012026

Author(s):

Sonam Solanki ◽

Gunendra Mahore

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Low Cost ◽

Small Scale ◽

Scale Production ◽

Key Innovation ◽

Main Challenge ◽

Long Run ◽

Large Scale Production ◽

Term Maintenance

Abstract In the current process of producing vermicompost on a large-scale, the main challenge is to keep the worms alive. This is achieved by maintaining temperature and moisture in their living medium. It is a difficult task to maintain these parameters throughout the process. Currently, this is achieved by building infrastructure but this method requires a large initial investment and long-run maintenance. Also, these methods are limited to small-scale production. For large-scale production, a unit is developed which utilises natural airflow with water and automation. The main aim of this unit is to provide favourable conditions to worms in large-scale production with very low investment and minimum maintenance in long term. The key innovation of this research is that the technology used in the unit should be practical and easy to adopt by small farmers. For long-term maintenance of the technology lesser number of parts are used.

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Strength and Impotence. The Developing Countries and the Development in New Territories

Cooperation and Conflict ◽

10.1177/001083677400900209 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 9 (2-3) ◽

pp. 167-177

Author(s):

Willy Østreng

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Economic Effects ◽

Scale Production ◽

Underdeveloped Countries ◽

The North ◽

Large Scale Production ◽

The Developed Countries ◽

The Third World

This article examines the possible political and economic effects of large-scale mineral extraction from the seabed. The findings presented indicate that development in new territories may conceivably serve to exacerbate existing conflict dimensions, notably the North/South dimension in global politics. Because of the developed countries' monopoly on know-how and economic capability, exploration and exploitation of the inorganic resources of the ocean floor has de facto been the exclusive domain of these countries. On the basis of this the author shows that if large-scale production of seabed resources should become a reality in the near future, the underdeveloped countries will be forced to watch it from the sidelines. As a consequence, the exploitation of offshore raw materials will probably contribute to the further widening of the gap between developed and underdeveloped countries. Further commenting on the fact that the latter today are the main producers of the most promising seabed resources, the author expresses the view that exploitation will have a detrimental effect on the economics of the Third World countries, since it might lead to overproduction and price reductions.

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Large-Scale Production of Lentiviral Vectors: Current Perspectives and Challenges

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics12111051 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 1051

Author(s):

Eduardo Martínez-Molina ◽

Carlos Chocarro-Wrona ◽

Daniel Martínez-Moreno ◽

Juan A. Marchal ◽

Houria Boulaiz

Keyword(s):

Viral Vectors ◽

Large Scale ◽

Lentiviral Vectors ◽

Good Manufacturing Practice ◽

Scale Production ◽

Gene Therapies ◽

Packaging Cell ◽

Large Scale Production ◽

Target Production

Lentiviral vectors (LVs) have gained value over recent years as gene carriers in gene therapy. These viral vectors are safer than what was previously being used for gene transfer and are capable of infecting both dividing and nondividing cells with a long-term expression. This characteristic makes LVs ideal for clinical research, as has been demonstrated with the approval of lentivirus-based gene therapies from the Food and Drug Administration and the European Agency for Medicine. A large number of functional lentiviral particles are required for clinical trials, and large-scale production has been challenging. Therefore, efforts are focused on solving the drawbacks associated with the production and purification of LVsunder current good manufacturing practice. In recent years, we have witnessed the development and optimization of new protocols, packaging cell lines, and culture devices that are very close to reaching the target production level. Here, we review the most recent, efficient, and promising methods for the clinical-scale production ofLVs.

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Field Pretreatment of Crown Suckers for Propagating Hybrid Hazelnuts

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-37.3.85 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 85-89

Author(s):

Lois Braun ◽

Donald Wyse

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Economic Value ◽

Corylus Avellana ◽

Growth Chamber ◽

Scale Production ◽

Stem Cuttings ◽

Large Scale Production ◽

Wide Scale ◽

Propagation Methods ◽

Corylus Avellana L

Abstract Hybrid hazelnuts [Corylus americana (Walter) x C. avellana (L.)] are being developed for their ecological and economic value as a new crop for the Upper Midwest, but lack of economically viable propagation methods is a significant bottleneck to their wide scale adoption. Thus far, mound layering has been the primary propagation method, but layering cannot produce the numbers of plants needed for large-scale production. Rooting hardwood stem cuttings is a possible alternative. In a factorial experiment, we evaluated two pretreatments, blanching with sawdust and application of IBA, applied to rapidly growing first year collar suckers in the field five months ahead of collection for rooting. These treatments simulated mound layering, but without girdling. Sawdust by itself significantly increased both quantity and quality of subsequent rooting, but IBA pretreatment in combination with sawdust produced even better results. Stem cuttings were rooted in a growth chamber, set at 22 C (72 F) and 60% relative humidity, with PAR of 320 umol.m−2 s−1 for 16 hours per day. The lack of heat stress in the growth chamber likely also contributed to relatively high rooting relative to the humidity tents used in previous trials. Index words: Propagation, Corylus americana (Walter), Corylus avellana (L.), rooting, etiolation. Chemicals used in this study: indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Species used in this study: hybrid hazelnuts [Corylus americana (Walter) x Corylus avellana (L.)].

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ARTIFICIAL FOREST ECOSYSTEMS: CONDITION AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS

Vestnik of Kazan state agrarin university ◽

10.12737/article_5bcf55709eaa97.48603592 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 39-45

Author(s):

Раис Минниханов ◽

Rais Minnihanov ◽

Харрис Мусин ◽

Kharris Musin ◽

Нурсиль Гибадуллин ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Forest Ecosystems ◽

Scale Production ◽

Good Seed ◽

Clear Cutting ◽

Large Scale Production ◽

Soil Preparation ◽

The Republic ◽

Development Prospects

The research methodology is based on generally accepted silvicultural and taxation techniques, methods of observation, and the method of test plots. The objects of research were the forests of the Republic of Tatarstan. Forests were created on an area of 17 553 hectares with a clear cutting area of 9 190 hectares for the years 1962-2001 in the forest fund of the GKU “Sabinskoe Forestry”. A part of forest cultures was created under the canopy of soft-leaved stands, in which non-continuous logging was carried out, but they did not have a sufficient amount of conifer undergrowth. The number of self-seeding per 1 m2 of mineralized area with the disc soil mineralization of KLB-1.7 on average is 1.4 times more than in the control variant. The bulk of self-seeding settles in the middle of the prepared lanes and grounds. In 1990, the number of self-seeding at the center of the bands averaged 81%, and at the edges - 19%, with fluctuations in some areas from 51 to 85%. In the next 2 years, the number of self seeding at the center of the lanes decreased on average by 65%, at the edges to 97%. Consequently, in high-grade crops of spruce, one cannot count on the accumulation of self-seeding after sampling either every 4th or every 8th rows of crops and soil mineralization even with good seed yield. It is necessary to improve the method of cutting and soil preparation. The thinning of plantations in the adjacent rows at the same time as felling could be effective, but they were not considered in further studies, because clear felling showed its futility. Conducted long-term large-scale production experiments demonstrate the possibilities of transferring artificial forest ecosystems to the path of natural development by the system of complex logging.

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Large-Scale Production of Intermediate-Purity, Soluble Human Plasminogen

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1654284 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 25 (01) ◽

pp. 105-113 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

K Bergström ◽

Ann O. Tse ◽

A. J Johnson

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Fresh Frozen Plasma ◽

Scale Production ◽

Plasmin Activity ◽

Long Term Storage ◽

Large Scale Production ◽

Fresh Frozen ◽

Human Plasminogen ◽

Frozen Plasma

SummaryA method is described for laboratory, pilot or large-scale production of intermediatepurity human plasminogen soluble at neutral pH, with a specific proteolytic activity of approximately 12.5 CTA units/mg protein. Batches of 100-200 g can be readily produced from Fraction III paste from outdated or fresh-frozen plasma. Since this plasminogen is stable on long-term storage, and low in spontaneous plasmin activity, it is especially useful as an assay reagent (substrate) and as starting material for the preparation of high-purity plasminogen.

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Feeding and breeding of laboratory animals: XIV. Size of Breeding Group and Production in Mice

Journal of Hygiene ◽

10.1017/s002217240002725x ◽

1954 ◽

Vol 52 (1) ◽

pp. 60-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

H. M. Bruce

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Laboratory Animals ◽

Scale Production ◽

Breeding Group ◽

Large Scale Production ◽

Or Groups ◽

Breeding Groups

1. The production of weaned young from pairs or groups of three, four and five mice, each containing one male, has been compared.2. For long-term large-scale production, small breeding groups of one male with two females are proposed.I should like to thank Dr A. S. Parkes, F.R.S., for much helpful criticism, and Dr Walter Perry for the statistical tests.

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Long-Term Quality Observation in Large-Scale Production of Top-Seeded Melt Growth YBCO Bulks

IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity ◽

10.1109/tasc.2017.2667581 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tomas Hlasek ◽

Vladimir Plechacek

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Scale Production ◽

Melt Growth ◽

Large Scale Production

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Development of Production Internet Framework for Value Creation

International Journal of Automation Technology ◽

10.20965/ijat.2020.p0744 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. 744-756

Author(s):

Stanisław Strzelczak ◽

Rong Kang ◽

Fernando Castaño ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Value Creation ◽

Large Scale ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Scale Production ◽

Support Mechanism ◽

Large Scale Production ◽

Production Environments ◽

Suitable Framework ◽

Adaptive Abilities

Exponential technologies, if blended with advantageous conceptual setups, enable innovative developments for Internet-based production ecosystems. The focus of this study is on developing a support mechanism for homeostatic and evolutionary abilities in large-scale production environments. Starting from a reflection on the state-of-the-art, a suitable framework was developed for the conceptualization of Internet-based production ecosystems. Based on augmented context awareness and eco-systemic intelligence, homeostatic and adaptive abilities were designed, and used along with the operational controls to maintain the homeostasis of loads, workflows, and variability, and facilitate the long-term adaptation of the actors. The latter may comprise self-made adaptation of human and digital actors, as well as externally supported modification of functions operated by cyber-agents. The advantage of the proposed solutions is twofold: firstly, stakeholders can improve their performance and adaptability; and secondly, they can also benefit from non-selfish behaviors.

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