scholarly journals Development of bioactive/active additives based on essential oils: A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
Jessica Alarcón-Moyano ◽  
◽  
Silvia Matiacevich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Oil Oxidation ◽  
Active Additive ◽  
Wall Materials ◽  
Selection For

The use of bioactive/active additives has been increasing in recent years, especially those derived from medicinal plants such as essential oils. However, due to essential oil oxidation it is necessary to protect it by encapsulation techniques such as: emulsion, spray- and/or freeze-drying as the most economical techniques. On the other hand, an important factor is to determine the appropriate wall material to obtain a prolonged or controlled release in the food or in the organism. Therefore, several factors affect the release of the compounds such as the type, amount of wall material and/or combination of wall materials. Therefore, the knowledge of all the aforementioned factors is important in order to make an adequate selection for the development of a bioactive/active additive based on essential oils.

scholarly journals Microencapsulation of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) Essential Oil Via Spray Drying: Effects of Feed Emulsion Parameters

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Phu Thuong Nhan ◽  
Vo Tan Thanh ◽  
Mai Huynh Cang ◽  
Tri Duc Lam ◽  
Nguyen Cam Huong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
Gum Arabic ◽  
Core Material ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Encapsulation Process ◽  
Wall Materials ◽  
Lemongrass Essential Oil

The purpose of this study was to attempt the encapsulation of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oil utilizing spray drying technique. An array of process parameters including concentration of wall (15–30%), type of wall materials (maltodextrin, maltodextrin and gum Arabic mixture), and concentration of essential oil (0.5–2.0%) were thoroughly investigated. The results show that the use of sole maltodextrin as encapsulant gave microcapsules characteristics comparable to that of powder produced using maltodextrin and gum Arabic mixture. The encapsulation process that was performed with maltodextrin at the concentration of 30% as wall material and lemongrass essential oil at the concentration of 1.5% as core material showed highest drying yield (84.49%), microencapsulation yield (89.31%) and microencapsulation efficiency (84.75%). Encapsulated essential oils retained most of their major constituents in comparison with the bare essential oils without any significant compromise in product quality.

scholarly journals The Volatile Phytochemistry of Seven Native American Aromatic Medicinal Plants

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1061
Author(s):  
Sims K. Lawson ◽  
Prabodh Satyal ◽  
William N. Setzer
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Methyl Salicylate ◽  
Chromatographic Techniques ◽  
Germacrene D ◽  
First Time ◽  
Gaultheria Procumbens

As part of our evaluation of essential oils derived from Native American medicinal plants, we have obtained the essential oils of Agastache foeniculum (Pursch) Kuntze (Lamiaceae), Gaultheria procumbens L. (Ericaceae), Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) Sweet (Asteraceae), Liatris spicata (L.) Willd. (Asteraceae), Pycnanthemum incanum (L.) Michx. (Lamiaceae), Smallanthus uvedalia (L.) Mack. ex Mack. (Asteraceae), and Verbena hastata L. (Verbenaceae) by hydrodistillation. The essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatographic techniques. The essential oil of A. foeniculum was dominated by estragole (88–93%), while methyl salicylate (91%) dominated the G. procumbens essential oil. Germacrene D was the major component in H. helianthoides (42%) and L. spicata (24%). 1,8-Cineole (31%) and α-terpineol (17%) were the main compounds in P. incanum essential oil. The essential oil of S. uvedalia showed α-pinene (24%), perillene (15%), and β-caryophyllene (17%) as major components. Verbena hastata essential oil was rich in 1-octen-3-ol (up to 29%) and palmitic acid (up to 22%). Four of these essential oils, H. helianthoides, L. spicata, P. incanum, and V. hastata, are reported for the first time. Additionally, the enantiomeric distributions of several terpenoid components have been determined.

scholarly journals Chemical composition, antimicrobial activity and biological properties of essential oils

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Hossein Saeidnejad ◽  
Peyman Rajaei
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Antioxidant Agents ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Oil Repellent

Essential oils constitute a heterogeneous collection of chemical compounds. Their main characteristics are that they all synthesized by plants and are volatile and mostly soluble in ethanol. They have traditionally been obtained from plants and they have been widely used for insecticidal, medicinal and cosmetic purposes. Essential oils contains about 20–60 components at quite different concentrations and they are characterized by two or three major components at fairly high concentrations. Lately, the essential oils and various extracts of plants have gained special interest as sources of natural antimicrobial and antioxidant agents because of the resistance to antibiotics that some microorganisms have acquired and the possible toxicities of the synthetic antioxidants. Spices consumed daily in different types of food to improve flavors, since ancient times, are well known for their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. During recent decades, numerous numbers of plants have been monitored for their possible role as repellents and insecticides. In this review, the chemical composition profile of some important medicinal plants was evaluated, then antimicrobial properties of a number of essential oils was compared. Antioxidant activity of some essential oils was also considered. Finally, essential oil repellent properties an an important characteristics was evaluated. Further investigation for available data related to the other biological properties of medicinal plants essential oil is recommended.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v9i2.12043 International Journal of Life Sciences 9 (2) : 2015; 9-13

scholarly journals The Potential of Benefiting Variation between the Same Species of Artemisia Herba-alba from Different Location in Northeast of Libya

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Rania. F. M. Ali ◽  
Ahlam K. Alaila ◽  
Gebreel. A. A. Aldaaiek
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mineral Analysis ◽  
Phenolic Contents

The medicinal plants (Artemisia herba-alba) were subjected to mineral analysis, total protein and the phenolic contents. Couple plants were collected from AL-Gabal AL-Akhder region in Northeast of Libya (Coastal and Desert) Artemisia herba-alba 1 Artemisia herba-alba 2 respectively during November (2018).  Results showed that mineral content found to vary significantly. Appreciable amounts of calcium Ca was recorded 84.930 ppm in Artemisia herba-alba 1 while 30 ppm in Artemisia herba-alba 2, potassium (K) was 43.3 and 27.6 ppm in Artemisia herba-alba 1 and Artemisia herba-alba 2 respectively. Meanwhile, Fe was recorded as 0.39, 0.52 ppm in Artemisia herba-alba1 and 2. Level of total protein was 9.95 and 7.79 (mg/g) in Artemisia herba-alba 1 and Artemisia herba-alba 2 respectively. Present study found that the phenolic compounds were determined in both plants with high levels. The available data indicate the two plants were found to contain Alkaloids, essential oils, flavonoids, glycosides, phenolic compounds, sterols/triterpenes, and tannins. However, sterols/ triterpenes and coumarins were found in herba-alba 1  significantly, while Alkaloids, flavonoids, and Saponins found highest in herba-alba 2 compared to herba-alba 1 on the other side the quantity of essential oils was higher in the herba-alba 2.

scholarly journals Comparison of chemical compositions of essential oils isolated by hydrodistillation from wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.) with use of Deryng and Clevenger apparatus

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneta Wesołowska ◽  
Monika Grzeszczuk ◽  
Dorota Jadczak
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Methyl Ether ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Distillation Apparatus ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Wild Thyme ◽  
Thymus Serpyllum

Abstract The aim of the studies conducted in 2012-2013 was to compare the chemical composition of essential oils isolated from wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.) by hydrodistillation in Deryng and Clevenger apparatus. GC-MS analysis of the isolated oils revealed that carvacrol (42.81-45.24%), γ-terpinene (7.68-9.04%), β-caryophyllene (5.28-9.10%), β-bisabolene (5.76-6.91%) and carvacrol methyl ether (4.92-6.09%) were the major components of all the samples. On the basis of the obtained data it was proved that the type of distillation apparatus had no significant effect on the content of the main essential oil constituents of wild thyme. However, based on the means for both years of the study it was proved that hydrodistillation in Deryng apparatus was more effective for carvacrol concentration, while in Clevenger apparatus - for y-terpinene and carvacrol methyl ether concentration. The type of distillation apparatus had no significant effect on the content of the other essential oil constituents.

Composition and Efficacy of Essential Oil Nanoemulsions

2022 ◽  
pp. 59-92
Author(s):  
Sowbarnika Arul Senthil ◽  
Sneha Unnikrishnan ◽  
Karthikeyan Ramalingam
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Optimal Concentration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Micron Size ◽  
Antimicrobial Mechanism ◽  
Antimicrobial Potency

Essential oil, endorsed as a natural cum powerful ingredient, encompasses incredible properties, and various approaches have been proposed and spurred over the last decades. One among them is the nano-emulsification of the essential oils, and the sub-micron size provides prolonged shelf life, ease of formulation and handling, nullification of the stated obstacles, as well as the augmentation of the essential oil antimicrobial activity. This chapter primarily reinforces and is well-articulated on (1) the components and its precise concentration adequate to fabricate nanoemulsion; (2) critical analysis on the experimentally inferred antimicrobial mechanism and the extent of contribution granted by the optimal concentration of the components in the nanoemulsion; (3) scrutinization of the possible impact rendered by the components on the other characteristics of nanoemulsion aside from antimicrobial potency. Altogether, the importance of careful formulation of the essential oil-loaded nanoemulsion is emphasized extensively.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of the Chemical Profiles of the Essential Oils of Ripe and Rotten Fruits of Citrus Aurantifolia Swingle

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0800300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony J. Afolayan ◽  
Olayinka T. Asekun
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ripe Fruit ◽  
Citrus Aurantifolia ◽  
Linalool Oxide ◽  
Chemical Profiles ◽  
Fruit Oil

Most often during the processing of lime fruits for essential oil extraction, rotten fruits are used along with ripe ones. In this study, we examine the volatile constituents of the essential oils from both ripe and rotten lime fruits (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) from Nigeria. The oils were isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed using GC-MS. The ripe and rotten lime oils contained 55 and 49 components, respectively. Both oils were rich in limonene (21.0%, ripe lime; 21.3% rotten lime), α-terpineol (11.7%, ripe; 14.1%, rotten), terpinene (8.3%, ripe; 8.9% rotten lime), α–terpinolene (2.5%, ripe; 8.5%, rotten) and ( E)-α-farnesene (6.3% ripe lime; 4.8% rotten lime). The other major components, α-pinene (11.1%), and linalool (5.5%) were identified in ripe lime oil only. Limonene and citral, which are believed to be the two major citrus odour contributors, were present in both ripe and rotten lime oils. Aldehydes like decanal and the farnesenes, which are also important in citrus flavor, were represented in both lime oils. Some notable components of ripe lime fruit oil, like trans-β-ocimene, linalool, myrcenol, dodecanal, trans-β–bergamotene and trans-γ–bisabolene, were absent in the rotten fruit oil. It could be suggested that some compounds like cis-ocimene, trans-linalool oxide, p-mentha-3-en-1-ol, mentha-1,4,8-triene, citronellal, trans- β–bergamotene and α–copaene, which were not identified in the ripe fruit oil, were introduced into the lime oil by the incorporation of rotten fruits in the distilled samples.

scholarly journals Essential Oils of Morus alba and M. nigra Leaves: Effect of Drying on the Chemical Composition

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1701200
Author(s):  
Niko S. Radulović ◽  
Vojkan M. Miljković ◽  
Marko Z. Mladenović ◽  
Goran S. Nikolić
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Morus Alba ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rare Plant ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Geranyl Acetone ◽  
Peak Areas ◽  
Plant Metabolite

Detailed GC and GC/MS analyses of essential-oil samples obtained by hydrodistillation of Morus alba L. and M. nigra L. leaves (four samples) allowed the identification of 131 constituents representing 95.1 – 96.4% of the total GC peak areas. The most abundant compounds classes were alkanes, diterpenoids, carotenoid-derived compounds and fatty acid-related constituents with trans-phytol (7.9 – 71.2%), ( E,E)-geranyl linalool (0.2 – 8.0%), ( Z)-bovolide (8.1%) and n-chain alkanes (in total, 17.5 – 52.4%) as the major constituents of the analyzed samples. In general, there were only quantitative differences noted between M. nigra essential oils from fresh and dry leaves. The most discernable changes included a variation in the content of the major constituents (e.g. the relative amount of trans-phytol and the total amount of alkanes decreased by 5.8% and ≈ 2%, respectively, while that of ( E,E)-geranyl linalool increased by 7.8%). On the other hand, the composition of M. alba essential oil was much more significantly affected by the drying process. The highest quantitative differences were noted for trans-phytol, geranyl acetone, and all isomers of 4,6,8-megastigmatrien-3-one. Also, a rare plant metabolite, ( Z)-bovolide, characteristic of leaf senescence, was only identified (8.1%) in the essential oil of M. alba dried leaves.

scholarly journals A Chemical Marker Proposal for the Lantana genus: Composition of the Essential Oils from the Leaves of Lantana radula and L. canescens

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1000500
Author(s):  
José G. Sena Filho ◽  
Haroudo S. Xavier ◽  
José M. Barbosa Filho ◽  
Jennifer M. Duringer
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chemical Markers ◽  
Chemical Marker ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Minor Compounds ◽  
Prior Analysis

Essential oil extracts from the leaves of two Lantana species ( L. radula Sw. and L. canescens Kunth), for which no prior analysis has been reported, were analyzed by GC-MS. This information was utilized to propose chemical markers for Lantana species so that identification between physically similar plant species can be achieved through chemical analysis. Results showed 33 constituents for L. canescens, among which β-caryophyllene (43.9%), β-cubebene (10.1%), elixene (8.6%), β-phellandrene (6.1%), α-caryophyllene (2.6%) and dehydro-aromadendrene (2.6%) were the principle components. L. radula revealed the presence of 21 compounds, the most abundant of which were β-cubebene (31.0%), β-caryophyllene (20.8%), elixene (10.0%), α-salinene (6.4%), β-phellandrene (6.1%), copaene (4.9%) cadinene (1.4%) and psi-limonene (1.4%). The high concentration of β-caryophyllene in the samples tested here and those in the literature make it a good candidate for a chemical marker for Lantana species, with β-cubebene, elixene and β-phellandrene following as minor compounds identified more sporadically in this genus. On the other hand, Lippia species, which are morphologically similar to those from the Lantana genus, would contain limonene, citral, carvacrol, β-myrcene, camphor and thymol as the main chemical markers. These chemical markers would be a powerful tool for maintaining quality control in the extraction of essential oils for use in medicinal applications, as well as in identification of plant specimens to a taxonomist.

Chemical Composition And In-Vitro Antimicrobial Activity Of The Essential Oils Of Three Greek Achillea Species

2002 ◽  
Vol 57 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 287-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prokopios Magiatis ◽  
Alexios-Leandros Skaltsounis ◽  
Ioanna Chinou ◽  
Serkos A. Haroutounian
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Ms Analysis

The chemical composition of the essential oils of Achillea holosericea, Achillea taygetea, Achillea fraasii was determined by GC/MS analysis. Among the ninety-five assayed constituents, camphor, borneol and 1,8-cineol were found to be the major components. The in-vitro antimicrobial activity of these essential oils was evaluated against six bacteria indicating that the first is totally inactive, while the other two possess moderate to strong activities mainly against the Gram negative strains. The essential oil of A. fraasii was also active against the tested pathogenic fungi

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