Endemic Balkan Parsnip Pastinaca Hirsuta: The Chemical Profile of Essential Oils, Headspace Volatiles and Extracts

The present study for the first time reports the chemical composition of the endemic Balkan parsnip Pastinaca hirsuta Pančić essential oil and headspace (HS) volatiles, obtained from fresh roots, stems, flowers and fruits, as well as fresh fruits n-hexane and diethyl ether extracts. According to GC-MS and GC-FID analyses, β-Pinene was one of the major components of the root and stem HS volatiles (50.6–24.1%). ( E)-β-Ocimene was found in a significant percentage in the stem and flowers HS volatiles (31.6–57.3%). The most abundant constituent of the fruit HS, flower and fruit essential oils and both extracts was hexyl butanoate (70.5%, 31.1%, 80.4%, 47.4% and 52.7%, respectively). Apiole, accompanied by myristicin and ( Z)-falcarinol, make up over 70% of the root essential oils. γ-Palmitolactone was the major component of the stem essential oils (51.9% at the flowering stage and 45.7% at the fruiting stage). Beside esters as dominant compounds, furanocoumarins were also identified in extracts. (Dis)similarity relations of examined plant samples were also investigated by the agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis. The obtained results show there is difference in the composition of volatile components from different plant organs, while the stage of growth mainly affects the quantitative volatiles composition.

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Identification by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry of 150 Compounds in Propolis

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-1991-1-218 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 46 (1-2) ◽

pp. 111-121 ◽

Cited By ~ 93

Author(s):

W. Greenaway ◽

J. May ◽

T. Scaysbrook ◽

F. R. Whatley

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Gas Chromatography ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Volatile Components ◽

Alcoholic Extract ◽

Headspace Volatiles ◽

Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

First Time

Abstract Propolis was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for both its headspace volatiles and for the less volatile components of its alcoholic extract (propolis balsam). 181 peaks were located of which 171 representing 150 compounds were identified, including 28 identified in propolis for the first time. The majority of compounds were typical of poplar bud exudate.

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Chemical Investigations of Essential Oils from Endemic Cupressaceae Trees from New Caledonia

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1000500630 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 5 (6) ◽

pp. 1934578X1000500

Author(s):

Nicolas Lebouvier ◽

Chantal Menut ◽

Edouard Hnawia ◽

Audrey Illinger ◽

Pierre Cabalion ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

New Caledonia ◽

Volatile Components ◽

Ms Analysis ◽

Leaf Oil ◽

High Level ◽

First Time

The volatile components obtained by hydrodistillation of leaves of C. neocaledonica Dummer, C. sulcata (Parlatore) Schlechter and N. pancheri (Carrière) de Laubenfels from New Caledonia were investigated for the first time by a combination of GC and GC–MS analysis, and compared with the heartwood oil compositions of the three species. The essential oils from C. sulcata and C. neocaledonica leaves contain a majority of monoterpenes while the leaf oil of N. pancheri is characterized by a high level of sesquiterpenoids. On the basis of the sesquiterpenoid composition of the wood- and leaf oils, N. pancheri is closely related to both New Caledonian Callitris spp. However, C. sulcata and C. neocaledonica oils remain distinct from N. pancheri and the Australian Callitris oils by the presence of compounds biosynthetically related to the bisabolyl cation, mainly barbatenes and thujopsene.

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Identification of Floral Fragrances and Analysis of Fragrance Patterns in Herbaceous Peony Cultivars

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs04420-18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 143 (4) ◽

pp. 248-258 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chaowei Song ◽

Qi Wang ◽

Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva ◽

Xiaonan Yu

Keyword(s):

Sensory Evaluation ◽

Aromatic Compounds ◽

Hierarchical Cluster ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Volatile Components ◽

Herbaceous Peony ◽

Phenylethyl Alcohol ◽

Evaluation Scores ◽

Flower Fragrance ◽

First Time

Thirty herbaceous peony (section Paeonia of the genus Paeonia) cultivars were divided into four groups (no fragrance, light fragrance, medium fragrance, or intense fragrance) based on their sensory evaluation scores. Using dynamic headspace sampling (DHS) and automatic thermal desorption–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (ATD-GC/MS), 130 volatile organic components were detected in these 30 cultivars and a total of 72 compounds were identified as scent components. The main compounds were phenylethyl alcohol, β-caryophyllene, linalool, (R)-citronellol, and nerol. Selecting α-pinene as the standard, the volatile components of these cultivars were quantitatively analyzed. By combining the sensory evaluation scores and the results of quantitative analysis, we found that ‘Going Bananas’, ‘Cream Delight’, ‘Zhu Sha Pan’, ‘Qiao Ling’, ‘Duchess de Nemours’, and ‘Yang Fei Chu Yu’ displayed an intense fragrance and, thus, had relatively high commercial value for the flower fragrance industry. ‘Red Magic’, ‘Joker’, ‘Fairy Princess’, ‘Lovely Rose’, ‘Carina’, and ‘Etched Salmon’ were excluded from the hierarchical cluster of aromatic compounds and the analysis of fragrance patterns because of the low amount of fragrance they released and poor sensory evaluation results. Based on a cluster analysis, assessment of the major aromatic compounds, and the results of sensory evaluation, the remaining 24 cultivars were divided into five fragrance patterns for the first time: woody scent [cluster I (major fragrance β-caryophyllene)], fruity scent [cluster II (phenylethyl alcohol)], lily scent [cluster III (linalool)], rose scent {cluster IV [(R)-citronellol]}, and an orange blossom scent [cluster V (nerol)].

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GC-MS and HS-SPME-GC×GC-TOFMS Determination of the Volatile Composition of Essential Oils and Hydrosols (By-Products) from Four Eucalyptus Species Cultivated in Tuscany

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24020226 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 226 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Francesca Ieri ◽

Lorenzo Cecchi ◽

Elena Giannini ◽

Clarissa Clemente ◽

Annalisa Romani

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Volatile Components ◽

Eucalyptus Species ◽

Volatile Composition ◽

Functional Ingredients ◽

Oxygenated Monoterpenes ◽

Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons ◽

Relative Differences ◽

First Time

Essential oils are widely used as functional ingredients for potential multi-purpose functional uses. Hydrosols, co-products of the distillation of plant material, are used in food and cosmetic industries and in biological agriculture, but their volatile composition is poorly investigated. The volatile fractions of essential oils and hydrosols from four less-studied 1,8-cineol-rich Eucalyptus species (E. parvula L.A.S. Johnson & K.D. Hill, E. cinerea F. Muell, E. pulverulenta Sims and E. pulverulenta baby blue Sims), cultivated in Tuscany in a system of organic farming, were characterized by solvent dilution (essential oils) or extraction (hydrosols) followed by GC-MS and by HS-SPME-GC×GC-TOFMS analysis. GC-MS analysis showed that essential oils were mainly constituted by oxygenated monoterpenes, particularly 1,8-cineole, with monoterpenes hydrocarbons up to 10.8%. Relative differences in the abundance of minor terpenes as limonene, α-pinene, γ-terpinene, p-cymene, terpinen-4-ol, α-terpineol, and alloaromandrene were pointed out and seem to be suitable for differentiation among EOs of the four different Eucalyptus species. Hydrosols of these species were characterized for the first time: they were mainly constituted by oxygenated monoterpenes (97.6–98.9%), with 1,8-cineole up to 1.6 g/L, while monoterpene and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were detected only in traces. HS-SPME-GC×GC-TOFMS analysis also allowed providing metabolic profiling of hydrosols for the direct comparison and visualization of volatile components, pointing out the potentially different uses of these products as functional ingredients in food, beverage, and cosmetic industries.

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Variability in the Chemical Composition of Eugenia biflora Essential Oils from the Brazilian Amazon

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x19892439 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (12) ◽

pp. 1934578X1989243

Author(s):

Pablo Luis B. Figueiredo ◽

Henryck A. Fernandes ◽

Alberto Ray C. da Silva ◽

Nayara Sabrina F. Alves ◽

William N. Setzer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Principal Component ◽

Hierarchical Cluster ◽

Brazilian Amazon ◽

Economic Potential ◽

Caryophyllene Oxide ◽

North Brazil ◽

Chemical Variability ◽

First Time

Eugenia species are well known for their great economic potential as edible fruits. The leaves of 4 Eugenia biflora specimens (Ebi-1 to Ebi-4) were sampled in the Caratateua Island, Pará state, Brazilian Amazon. Then, the essential oils were hydrodistilled, analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC mass spectroscopy, and their volatile compositions submitted to multivariate analysis (principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis). Ebi-1 and Ebi-2 specimens were classified in the caryophyllene group, with significant content for the sesquiterpenes ( E)-caryophyllene (16.8% and 11.4%) and caryophyllene oxide (28.6% and 20.5%). Ebi-3 specimen was grouped into the cadinane group, characterized by the presence of α-cadinol (14.7%), an oxygenated sesquiterpene. EBI-4 specimen was inserted into the aromadendrane group, with the predominance of the sesquiterpenes globulol (9.8%), germacrene B (7.9%), and γ-elemene (3.1%). Based on the results, a remarkable chemical variability was observed in the oils of Eugenia biflora with occurrence in Pará state, North Brazil. This work is presenting for the first time its caryophyllene, cadinane, and aromadendrane profiles.

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Chemical Profile of Essential Oils and Headspace Volatiles of Chaerophyllum hirsutum from Serbia

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1701200932 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 1934578X1701200 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Goran M. Petrović ◽

Jelena G. Stamenković ◽

Gordana S. Stojanović ◽

Violeta D. Mitić ◽

Bojan K Zlatković

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Chemical Profile ◽

Headspace Volatiles ◽

Dominant Class ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Main Class ◽

Main Component ◽

Root Essential Oil

The present study reports the chemical composition on the headspace volatiles and essential oils obtained from fresh roots, shoots and inflorescences of Chaerophyllum hirsutum. In headspace samples, the most dominant class was monoterpene hydrocarbons, but the main compounds were different. The root had β-phellandrene as the major compound. Sabinene was the main component in the shoots volatiles, while the inflorescence was dominated by endo-fenchyl acetate. The composition of the essential oils of the aerial parts and the oil obtained from root was found to be quite different. The root essential oil showed the presence of phenolic compounds (13.2%), while in the oils from the aerial parts these compounds were present in very small amounts (0.1% in the shoots and 0.2% in the inflorescences oil). In total, 70 compounds were identified in the oil isolated from the root, with γ-terpinene (15.8%) as the major compound of the oil. In the oils isolated from the shoots and the inflorescences, for which 55 and 69 compounds were identified, respectively, the main class was represented by oxygenated sesquiterpenes with acorenone B as the main component, representing 57.0% of the shoots and 44.6% of the inflorescences.

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Allelopathic Effect of Serphidium kaschgaricum (Krasch.) Poljak. Volatiles on Selected Species

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10030495 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 495

Author(s):

Shixing Zhou ◽

Toshmatov Zokir ◽

Yu Mei ◽

Lijing Lei ◽

Kai Shi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Volatile Compounds ◽

Volatile Oil ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Allelopathic Effect ◽

Chemical Profile ◽

Volatile Oils ◽

Phytotoxic Activity ◽

Volatile Organic ◽

First Time ◽

Stem Leaf

The chemical profile and allelopathic effect of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by a dominant shrub Serphidium kaschgaricum (Krasch.) Poljak. growing in northwestern China was investigated for the first time. Serphidium kaschgaricu was found to release volatile compounds into the surroundings to affect other plants’ growth, with its VOCs suppressing root elongation of Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Poa annua L. by 65.47% and 60.37% at 10 g/1.5 L treatment, respectively. Meanwhile, volatile oils produced by stems, leaves, flowers and flowering shoots exhibited phytotoxic activity against A. retroflexus and P. annua. At 0.5 mg/mL, stem, leaf and flower oils significantly reduced seedling growth of the receiver plants, and 1.5 mg/mL oils nearly completely prohibited seed germination of both species. GC/MS analysis revealed that among the total 37 identified compounds in the oils, 19 of them were common, with eucalyptol (43.00%, 36.66%, 19.52%, and 38.68% in stem, leaf, flower and flowering shoot oils, respectively) and camphor (21.55%, 24.91%, 21.64%, and 23.35%, respectively) consistently being the dominant constituents in all oils. Eucalyptol, camphor and their mixture exhibited much weaker phytotoxicity compared with the volatile oils, implying that less abundant compounds in the volatile oil might contribute significantly to the oils’ activity. Our results suggested that S. kaschgaricum was capable of synthesizing and releasing allelopathic volatile compounds into the surroundings to affect neighboring plants’ growth, which might improve its competitiveness thus facilitate the establishment of dominance.

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The Volatile Phytochemistry of Seven Native American Aromatic Medicinal Plants

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10061061 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1061

Author(s):

Sims K. Lawson ◽

Prabodh Satyal ◽

William N. Setzer

Keyword(s):

Native American ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Palmitic Acid ◽

Methyl Salicylate ◽

Chromatographic Techniques ◽

Germacrene D ◽

First Time ◽

Gaultheria Procumbens

As part of our evaluation of essential oils derived from Native American medicinal plants, we have obtained the essential oils of Agastache foeniculum (Pursch) Kuntze (Lamiaceae), Gaultheria procumbens L. (Ericaceae), Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) Sweet (Asteraceae), Liatris spicata (L.) Willd. (Asteraceae), Pycnanthemum incanum (L.) Michx. (Lamiaceae), Smallanthus uvedalia (L.) Mack. ex Mack. (Asteraceae), and Verbena hastata L. (Verbenaceae) by hydrodistillation. The essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatographic techniques. The essential oil of A. foeniculum was dominated by estragole (88–93%), while methyl salicylate (91%) dominated the G. procumbens essential oil. Germacrene D was the major component in H. helianthoides (42%) and L. spicata (24%). 1,8-Cineole (31%) and α-terpineol (17%) were the main compounds in P. incanum essential oil. The essential oil of S. uvedalia showed α-pinene (24%), perillene (15%), and β-caryophyllene (17%) as major components. Verbena hastata essential oil was rich in 1-octen-3-ol (up to 29%) and palmitic acid (up to 22%). Four of these essential oils, H. helianthoides, L. spicata, P. incanum, and V. hastata, are reported for the first time. Additionally, the enantiomeric distributions of several terpenoid components have been determined.

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Determination of Essential Oil Bioactive Components and Rosmarinic Acid of Salvia officinalis Cultivated under Different Intra-row Spacing

Notulae Scientia Biologicae ◽

10.15835/nsb529046 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 198-203 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mohammad ABU DARWISH ◽

Ezz Al-Dein AL-RAMAMNEH ◽

Ivan SALAMON ◽

Ziad ABU-DIEYEH ◽

Mohamed AL NAWAISEH ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Rosmarinic Acid ◽

Plant Density ◽

Salvia Officinalis ◽

Raw Material ◽

Row Spacing ◽

Human Disorders ◽

Tea Production ◽

First Time

Salvia officinalis, known also as sage, is a medicinal plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family that spreads all over the word in several countries. The demand for the raw material and extracts of this plant is increasing due to its numerous applications in pharmacy, food and herbal tea production. The present study investigated for the first time the effect of 15, 30 and 45 cm intra-row spacing (plant density) on the main constituents of sage essential oils and rosmarinic acid content. The highest content of essential oils (2.7%) and rosmarinic acid (2.0%) were obtained in plants grown using 15 cm planting space. Likewise, close spacing resulted also in a substantial content of 1,8-cineole (47-50%, GC/FID; 55-60%, GC/MS). This work indicated that 1,8-cineole chemotype was a dominant character of cultivated S. officinalis in south of Jordan. In general, the percent of α-thujone in essential oil was not affected by intra-row spacing. However, the percent of β-thujone decreased from (2-3%, GC/MS) in plants grown using 15 cm intra-row spacing to (1-2%, GC/MS) in plants grown using 30 and 45 cm intra-row spacing. The highest content of α-and β-pinene was recorded in plants grown using 45 cm planting space (8-10%, GC/FID; 5-6% GC/MS). Based on GC/MS, camphor compound was enriched (9-10%) in sage plants grown under 15 cm spacing and greater than in plants grown under 30 (6-7%) or 45 cm (5-6%) spacing. The results make the potential use of sage extracts in the treatment of some human disorders or illness an area of further research.

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