Measuring the Spiritual, Character, and Moral Formation of Seminarians: In Search of a Meta-Theory of Spiritual Change

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-24
Author(s):  
Steven L. Porter ◽  
Steven J. Sandage ◽  
David C. Wang ◽  
Peter C. Hill

Theological schools are well situated to create intentional cultures for the purpose of spiritual formation. Indeed, most schools of theology have this goal as an essential part of their mission as well as a requirement for continued accreditation. And yet, the measurement of spiritual formation over time is fraught with challenges. This article seeks to address some of these challenges by means of developing a meta-theory of positive change/growth which would eventually serve as a theoretical basis for the development of a generalizable and reliable measurement tool.

Author(s):  
Hasan Basri Memduhoðlu ◽  
Ali Ýhsan Yildiz

The purpose of this study is to develop a reliable and valid measurement tool to explore views about organisational justice in schools and to examine teachers' and school administrators' views about organisational justice in primary schools. The sample of the study consisted of a total of 455 participants, 176 school administrators and 279 teachers from the primary schools in the Centre of Van. The Organisational Justice Scale, developed by the authors, was employed as data gathering tool. Principal Component Factor Analysis was used to determine the content and construct validities of the scale and Confirmatory Factor Analysis was employed to evaluate the obtained results. As a result of the study, the developed Organisational Justice Scale (OJS) was found to be a valid and reliable measurement tool for school applications.


Author(s):  
Adriana Keating ◽  
Karen Campbell ◽  
Michael Szoenyi ◽  
Colin McQuistan ◽  
David Nash ◽  
...  

Abstract. Given the increased attention on resilience-strengthening in international humanitarian and development work, there is a growing need to invest in its measurement and the overall accountability of "resilience strengthening" initiatives. We present a framework and tool for measuring community level resilience to flooding, built around the five capitals (5Cs) of the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework. At the time of writing the tool is being tested in 75 communities across 10 countries. Currently 88 potential sources of resilience are measured at the baseline (initial state) and endline (final state) approximately two years later. If a flood occurs in the community during the study period, resilience outcome measures are recorded. By comparing pre-flood characteristics to post flood outcomes, we aim to empirically verify sources of resilience, something which has never been done in this field. There is an urgent need for the continued development of theoretically anchored, empirically verified and practically applicable disaster resilience measurement frameworks and tools so that the field may: a) deepen understanding of the key components of "disaster resilience" in order to better target resilience enhancing initiatives, and b) enhance our ability to benchmark and measure disaster resilience over time, and compare how resilience changes as a result of different capacities, actions and hazards.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-222
Author(s):  
Serpil Deniz ◽  
Birsen Bağçeci

The purpose of this study is to examine the validity and reliability of the Distance Education Attitude Scale for Teachers, which was developed to reveal teachers’ attitudes towards distance education during the COVID-19 outbreak. Statistical analyses were performed on 458 of the collected forms. The study group was randomly divided into two and the EFA process was conducted with 205 participants and the CFA process with 253 participants. KMO and Bartlett tests were performed to determine the suitability of the data for EFA. The KMO value was 0.0885 and the Bartlett test was statistically significant (χ2=3141, df=703, p<0.001). EFA results show that the DEASFT structure consists of 21 items and two factors, and these factors are named as “Benefits of Distance Education” and “Limitations of Distance Education”. CFA was applied on the data of 253 different people to the factor structures obtained as a result of AFA Analyses. One item was dropped from the scale because p values (0.178) is bigger than 0.05. According to fit indices (χ²/df < 1.5, CFI=0.953 > 0.9, TLI=0.942 > 0.9, SRMR=0.0735 < 0.8, RMSEA=0.0427 < 0.05), the scale is validated. The final version of scale has two factors and 20 items. Cronbach Alpha and composite reliability coefficients were calculated for reliability. For factor 1 Cronbach α=0.847 and McDonald’s ω=0.836. For factor 2 Cronbach α=0.815 and McDonald’s ω=0.845. The results of the analysis show that the scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool for determining teachers’ attitudes towards distance education.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-292
Author(s):  
Cemal Özel

In this study, the Byzantine image in the religious and literary texts produced by Muslim societies in the first four centuries of the Hijra has been examined in terms of historical process. To this end, first, a theoretical basis has been established within the framework of the concepts of identity, difference, other, and othering. Then, the imagery of Byzantium is analyzed through the interpretation of the first five verses of the Surah Rûm, with regards to naming, politics, religion, culture, science, philosophy, art and women's descriptions. The main argument of the study is that the Byzantine image of Muslims cannot be addressed independent of the relationships established with Byzantium. From a historical point of view, it is seen that the image of Byzantium, which was initially positive, turned into negative depending on the course of relations and was balanced over time in terms of change, while the style and content of political and political imagery varied, there is very little variation in descriptions of social life with regards to Constantinople, Byzantine craftsmanship, family life and women. While the Qur'an and the Sunnah culture formed the basis of the Byzantine perception in the early days, political developments became dominant over time. On the other hand, Muslims did not deal with Byzantium in a monolithic, shallow and reductive way, but they used the distinction between “us” and “them” to improve the image of Islam and reinforce Muslim identity.


GRUPPI ◽  
2009 ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Flavio Nosč ◽  
Silvia Anfilocchi

- After reflection upon the role of narcissism - of the pupil as well as of the teacher - as an obstacle to knowledge, we are now reflecting upon the function of writing and its relationship with the oral transmission of psychotherapeutic "knowledge", in that oral learning has always played an important role. It is observed that oral transmission is nurtured by a dialogic context made of emotional confirmation and disconfirmation and takes advantage of the richness of the context, while writing needs to build a sort of dialog with that which is absent. Furthermore, we are now living in a historical moment in which web communica- tion also exists, and although it is in written form, it may be that it has such peculiarities of simultaneity and such a broad dimension that it is closer to oral tradition, and online journals themselves undoubtedly play an important role. The group feels it needs to keep identity and possibility of change together, so as to create a strong theoretical basis, with elements of stability which can be passed on. This theoretical basis can be split up but should remain in contact with the transmission of experience. The group also feels that behind the apparent dichotomy between online writing and traditional writing there is the idea of a culture that is changing over time, and that through this change it is building a tradition in which the group can recognize itself. It is necessary to keep the space devoted to the COIRAG Journal, a space in which a more pondered and processed exchange can be fostered, where the understanding of-and not only the description of-events has its own room. What we need is a space that can collect the consolidated aspects and the strong theoretical core of our reality, and that can build the identity with which we present ourselves to the exterior. .Parole chiave: conoscenza, apprendimento, formazione, comunicazione orale, comunicazione scritta, rivista. .Key words: knowledge, learning, training, oral communication, written communication, magazine.


2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-150
Author(s):  
Alex Fogleman ◽  

While the connections between exegesis, music, and moral formation are well known, what Augustine’s use of particular metaphors reveals about his theology that more literal renderings do not is less clear. This article explores how Augustine’s use of musical metaphors in Enarratio in Pslamum 32(2) illuminate his understanding of the relationship between grace and human virtue. After first offering a doctrinal description of the rightly ordered will and its Christological foundation, Augustine proceeds to narrate the Christian life as one of various stages of learning to sing the “new song” of Christ. He interprets references to the lyre and psaltery as figures of earthly and heavenly life, and then exegetes the psalm’s language of jubilation as laudatory praise of the ineffable God. The chief contribution of the musical metaphors here are twofold. First, they enable Augustine to display the mysterious process of the will transformed over time. Second, the musical figures help Augustine account for how a human will, encompassed in time, can align with the will of an eternal God whose will is ultimately inexpressible. Augustine’s musical exegesis is able to gesture towards the profound mystery of human life in time and its relation to an eternally un-timed God.


2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
Laurie Penland ◽  
Barrett Brooks ◽  
Edgardo Ochoa

AbstractCoral reef health assessment has relied on benthic photographic surveys as an essential measurement tool for decades. The emergence of gigapixel image (1 billion pixels) stitching technologies makes possible the creation of high-definition benthic image map surveys (HDBIMS). These image maps provide the traditional overall percentage coverage data. In addition, they allow zoom capabilities in such detail that scientists can, for example, count the polyps on a coral head. While the image maps are easily viewed over the Internet, they are challenging to produce. Numerous previous studies have contributed to the advancement of high-definition benthic survey methods. This ongoing HDBIMS study is focused on production methods that (1) produce the best image quality for the lowest cost, (2) provide accurate and repeatable results at any depth over time, and (3) utilize off-the-shelf (OTS) stitching software that allows accurate results that can be reviewed in the field. This structured approach to image acquisition, integrated with the OTS grid-oriented stitching software, produces highly accurate benthic image maps.


2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 886-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maggie Tillquist ◽  
Demetrios J. Kutsogiannis ◽  
Paul E. Wischmeyer ◽  
Christine Kummerlen ◽  
Roger Leung ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Susan Signe Morrison

      To show the intellectual roots of environmental citizenship, this essay transverses literary and ecological paths by focusing on medieval pilgrimage poems. While design seems integral to the concept of pilgrimage—wayfaring from one’s home to a sacred shrine—in actuality pilgrims not infrequently wandered from the official path. Contingency, rather than randomness, acts as a dynamic agent in affecting the meanderings of the pilgim-walker.Pilgrimage practice entailed reading the landscape through slow walking. Slow pilgrimage manifests itself in major ways: the slow change in the vernacular language of fourteenth-century pilgrimage poems; the slow amendment pilgrimage is meant to spark spiritually; the slow somatic travail on the road itself; and the act of slowly reading as a form of textual wayfinding. The pilgrimage road, which amends over time, itself works within a diverse ecotone, replete with various pilgrims and pilgrimage works.Literary pilgrimage poems self-consciously commit themselves to promoting the vernacular. The ecopoetics of a specific “landguage,” the living and resilient vernacular used by medieval pilgrimage writers, sparks amendment—the spiritual change pilgrimage was meant to kindle. Amendment recurs thematically, indicating material change in the actual path walked on by historical pilgrims.Pilgrim readers undertook textual wayfaring, as do pilgrim-writers through variant texts amended by the poet himself. A strategy of slow ecopoetics authorizes the reader to co-perform the text, making author, reader, and text all kin. Just as the pilgrim presses ahead through a new space, creating the “edge effect” with each step, the pilgrim reader advances alongside the writer, co-creating a resilient literary work. Resumen          Analizando los poemas medievales del siglo XIV relacionados con la peregrinación y comparando estos con otros textos más contemporáneos, este ensayo explora cómo los elementos inherentes a la eco-poética del peregrinaje oscilan entre lo diseñado y lo casual, tanto a nivel literal como literario. Pese a que su construcción se vehicula a través del concepto de la peregrinación, con elementos temáticos basados en el viaje desde el hogar a un santuario sagrado, lo cierto es que los peregrinos frecuentemente se desviaban. La contingencia, en lugar de la casualidad, funciona como un agente dinámico que afecta a los desvíos del caminante-peregrino.El lento andar de los peregrinos contribuyó a una eco-poética de la lentitud: el  lento ejercicio de seguir el camino; el lento cambio en la lengua vernácula que se empleaba para articular la poesía de la peregrinación; la lenta transformación espiritual provocada, idóneamente, por los actos de peregrinar, caminar, o leer; y la lectura mesurada en sí hecha como forma de un lento peregrinaje.La enmienda se repite temáticamente en estos textos como concepto y término indicando cambios materiales, espirituales, lingüísticos, y poéticos—los caminos materiales modificados por los peregrinos históricos que los pisaban y seguían. Estas modificaciones corresponden de forma análoga al espectro literario, donde algunas versiones rivales de los poemas medievales sobre la peregrinación eran enmendados y editados por sus autores. Los poemas literarios de peregrinación promueven conscientemente lo vernáculo. La eco-poética de una lengua vernácula viva, o la “topo-poética”, usada por los autores medievales es lo que motiva el cambio espiritual que pretende provocar la peregrinación.Los lectores-peregrinos emprendían un deambular textual tal como hacían los autores-peregrinos por medio de los textos variados que el propio poeta modificaba. Una de las estrategias de la eco-poética lenta es permitir que el lector coopere en la interpretación del texto, avanzando así junto al autor para crear una obra literaria que responda a un público heterogéneo. Como resultado del no ser maestros del diseño sino seres errantes y contingentes del medio ambiente y de la poesía, los peregrinos—históricos y literarios—contribuyen a la existencia de una adaptabilidad vibrante, como lo ejemplifica la lenta eco-poética de la peregrinación.


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