scholarly journals Conservation and Management of Trachemys venusta venusta in Southern Mexico: A Genetic Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 194008292096150
Author(s):  
Elsi Beatriz Recino-Reyes ◽  
Julia María Lesher-Gordillo ◽  
Salima Machkour-M’Rabet ◽  
Manuel Ignacio Gallardo-Alvarez ◽  
Claudia Elena Zenteno-Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
The State ◽  
Freshwater Turtle ◽  
Captive Population ◽  
Freshwater Turtles ◽  
Genetic Management ◽  
Southern Mexico ◽  
Relationship Analysis ◽  
The Impact

The Meso-American slider turtle ( Trachemys venusta) is a freshwater turtle that is widely distributed from Mexico to Colombia. Due to the overexploitation of populations of this species in Mexico, it has been placed within the “subject to special protection” category formulated by the Official Mexican Standard NOM-059-ECOL-2010. In the state of Tabasco, Mexico, Management Units for the Conservation of Wildlife (UMA) were created to reduce the impact of overexploitation of freshwater turtles bred in captivity. However, no genetic management plan was considered. The present study was carried out in an UMA in the state of Tabasco. We obtained the level of genetic diversity of the founder individuals of the UMA in order to develop a management plan which will optimize reproduction in the UMA. Genetic diversity was compared between captive (n = 86) and wild (n = 45) individuals using 14 microsatellite molecular markers. The genetic diversity parameter ​​determined in this study was slightly higher for captive than for wild population ( He = 0.606 and He = 0.594 respectively), reflecting the mix of genetic sources in captive group (founding individuals from different localities) and demonstrating that the captive population contains a diverse subset of alleles from representative populations. The analysis of genetic structure revealed a relationship between captive and wild populations, indicating the influence of the two principal river basins in this region on the populations structure of freshwater turtles. Finally, according to the results obtained from the relationship analysis, we recommend the use of 19 females and 13 males to constitute the appropriate breeding group, generating a potential of 247 dyads with no relationship. However, in order to improve breeding program and the genetic diversity of captive population, we suggest to introduce wild-caught individuals. These results are the first regarding genetic management in a Mexican UMA and demonstrate the importance of molecular approaches in the management and conservation of captive species.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity, structure, and kinship analysis of Trachemys venusta venusta in Wildlife Management Units and wild populations in south Mexico. Implications for conservation and management

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsi B. Recino-Reyes ◽  
Julia M. Lesher-Gordillo ◽  
Salima Machkour-M’Rabet ◽  
Manuel I. Gallardo-Alvárez ◽  
Claudia E. Zenteno-Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Freshwater Turtle ◽  
Freshwater Turtles ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Genetic Management ◽  
Kinship Analysis ◽  
Management Units ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe Meso-American slider turtle (Trachemys venusta) is a freshwater turtle endemic to Mexico and Central America. Due to the overexploitation of its natural populations, it is in the at risk category formulated by the Official Mexican Standard NOM-059-ECOL-2010. In the state of Tabasco, Management Units for the Conservation of Wildlife (UMA) were created to reduce the impact of overexploitation of freshwater turtles. However, no genetic management plan was considered. This study presents the level of genetic diversity of the founder individuals in order to develop a management plan which will optimize reproduction in the UMA. Genetic diversity was compared between captive (n = 45) and wild (n = 86) individuals using 14 microsatellite molecular markers. Level of genetic diversity could be considered as low (He < 0.6) for a species of turtle and suggests that a higher level of protection is required for this particular species. Furthermore, values were slightly higher for the captive group reflecting the mix of genetic sources (founding individuals from different localities) and demonstrating that the captive population is genetically representative of natural populations. The genetic structure analysis revealed a relationship between captive and wild populations, indicating the influence of the two principal river basins in this region on the population of freshwater turtles. Finally, according to the results obtained from the analysis conducted using Storm and ML-Relate programs, we recommend the use of 19 females and 13 males, generating a potential of 247 dyads with no relationship. These first results of genetic management in a Mexican UMA, demonstrate the importance of molecular approaches at the time of managing and conserving species in captivity.

scholarly journals Impacts of dams on freshwater turtles: a global review to identify conservation solutions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Barcenas-Garcia ◽  
Fernanda Michalski ◽  
William H. Morgan ◽  
Rebecca K. Smith ◽  
William J. Sutherland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Freshwater Turtle ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Life History Stage ◽  
Freshwater Turtles ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Turtle Species ◽  
Threat Status ◽  
Dam Impacts ◽  
The Impact

Dams create many impacts on freshwater ecosystems and biodiversity. Freshwater turtles are at direct and indirect risk due to changes caused by damming including the loss of terrestrial and aquatic nesting and feeding habitats, changes to resource availability and reduced dispersal. We reviewed the global scientific literature that evaluated the impact of dams on freshwater turtles, and carried out additional searches of literature published in seventeen languages for studies evaluating actions to mitigate the impact of dams. The search produced 43 published articles documenting dam impacts on 29 freshwater turtle species from seven families (Chelidae, Chelydridae, Emydidae, Geoemydidae, Kinosternidae, Podocnemididae and Trionychidae) in 13 countries. More than a third of studies (41.9%, n = 18) focused on nine North American species of the Emydidae. Few studies were found from Europe and Asia and none from Africa. The number of studies, life-history stage studied and threat status differed significantly between temperate and tropical latitudes. Most studies were from temperate latitudes, where studies focused more on adults and less threatened species compared with tropical latitudes. Studies evaluated dam impacts as barriers and changes to water flow and quality, but no studies were found that assessed turtles and changes to land cover or mercury caused by dams. More than half of the studies (59%, n = 24) suggested actions to help mitigate dam impacts. Yet, only four studies on three temperate and one tropical species documented the effect of interventions (dam removal, flow management, artificial pond maintenance and community-based action). These findings demonstrate a lack of documented evidence evaluating dam impacts on freshwater turtles particularly in tropical regions. This lack of evidence reinforces the importance of strengthening and maintaining robust long-term studies of freshwater turtles needed to develop effective conservation actions for this group of vertebrates.

scholarly journals Genetic bottleneck and founder effect signatures in a captive population of common bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus (Montagu 1821) in Mexico

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Améndola-Pimenta ◽  
Miriam Camelo-Marrufo ◽  
Jesús Alejandro Zamora-Briseño ◽  
Ioreni Margarita Hernández-Velázquez ◽  
Roberto Zamora-Bustillos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Founder Effect ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphin ◽  
Tursiops Truncatus ◽  
Genetic Bottleneck ◽  
Quintana Roo ◽  
Captive Population ◽  
The Impact

Background. The captive cetacean industry is very profitable and popular worldwide, focusing mainly on leisure activities such as “Swim-with-dolphins” (SWD) programs. However, there is a concern for how captivity could affect the bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus, which in nature is a highly social and widespread species. To date, there is little information regarding to the impact of restricted population size on their genetic structure and variability. Methods. The aim of this study was to estimate the genetic diversity of a confined population of T. truncatus, composed of wild-born (n=25) from Cuba, Quintana Roo and Tabasco, and captive-born (n=24) dolphins in southern Mexico, using the hypervariable portion of the mitochondrial DNA and ten nuclear microsatellite markers: TexVet3, TexVet5, TexVet7, D18, D22, Ttr19, Tur4_80, Tur4_105, Tur4_141 and GATA098. Results. Exclusive mtDNA haplotypes were found in at least one individual from each wild-born origin populations and in one captive-born individual; total mean haplotype and nucleotide diversities were 0.912 (±0.016) and 0.025 (±0.013) respectively. At microsatellite loci, low levels of genetic diversity were found with a mean number of alleles per locus of 4 (±2.36), and an average expected heterozygosity over all loci of 0.544 (±0.163). Measures of allelic richness and effective number of alleles were similar between captive-born and wild-born dolphins. No significant genetic structure was found with microsatellite markers, whereas the mtDNA data revealed a significant differentiation between wild-born organisms from Cuba and Quintana ROO. Discussion. Data analysis suggests the occurrence of a recent genetic bottleneck in the confined population probably because of a strong founder effect, given that only a small number of dolphins with a limited fraction of the total species genetic variation were selected at random to start this captive population. The results herein provide the first genetic baseline information on a captive bottlenose dolphin population in Mexico.

Muddy waters: the influence of high suspended-sediment concentration on the diving behaviour of a bimodally respiring freshwater turtle from north-eastern Australia

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason R. Schaffer ◽  
Mark Hamann ◽  
Richard Rowe ◽  
Damien W. Burrows
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Dive Duration ◽  
Diving Behaviour ◽  
Freshwater Turtle ◽  
Freshwater Turtles ◽  
Aquatic Respiration ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
The Impact

Increased suspended-sediment concentrations (SS) in rivers can affect aquatic respiration in riverine fauna by impairing respiratory function. Bimodally respiring freshwater turtles are likely to be sensitive to changes in SS because increased concentrations may affect their ability to aquatically respire. However, the impact of SS on the diving behaviour of bimodally respiring freshwater turtles has not been formally investigated. To test this, we examined the influence of dissolved oxygen (DO) saturation (25%, 100%) and temperature (17°C, 25°C) on the diving behaviour of Elseya irwini under clear (0mgL–1) and turbid (79mgL–1) conditions. We hypothesised that low temperature and high DO % saturation would increase dive duration and that high SS would negate the effect of DO, decreasing dive duration under highly oxygenated conditions. Our data demonstrated that increased SS significantly reduced mean dive duration by 73% (97.4±10.1min in 0mgL–1 trials v. 26.4±3.2min in 79mgL–1 trials) under conditions of low temperature (17°C) and high DO % saturation (100%) only. Increased SS directly affects the utilisation of DO by this species, so as to extend submergence times (aquatic respiration) under optimal conditions, raising concerns about the effect of SS on the persistence of populations of physiologically specialised freshwater turtles.

scholarly journals Illegal trade and conservation requirements of freshwater turtles in Nanmao, Hainan Province, China

Oryx ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gong Shiping ◽  
Wang Jichao ◽  
Shi Haitao ◽  
Song Riheng ◽  
Xu Rumei
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Freshwater Turtle ◽  
Hainan Province ◽  
Illegal Trade ◽  
Freshwater Turtles ◽  
Illegal Activities ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

China has one of the world's most diverse freshwater turtle faunas but is also a major consumer of freshwater turtles. In the 1980s over-collecting, illegal trade and habitat destruction increased dramatically, pushing almost all Chinese turtles towards extinction. Despite the critical status of Chinese turtles little has been done to quantify and evaluate the impact of illegal activities on wild populations. We used a combination of market surveys and questionnaires to examine the illegal trade and conservation status of native freshwater turtles in Nanmao, Hainan Province, from February to August 2003. We found a total of 245 collected freshwater turtles comprising eight species. These data indicate that Nanmao has a rich freshwater turtle fauna that is being affected heavily by illegal poaching. No effective measures have been taken to protect the few remaining wild turtle populations. The main factors that lead to illegal trade include the cultural belief that turtles are a viable food/medicine product, lack of conservation awareness, poaching of turtles as a supplement to income, and poor law enforcement. Possible conservation strategies are discussed.

Genetic diversity of Didelphis virginiana related to different levels of disturbance in the Highlands and the Central Depression regions of Chiapas, Mexico

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bárbara Cruz-Salazar ◽  
Lorena Ruiz-Montoya ◽  
Ella Vázquez-Domínguez ◽  
Darío Navarrete-Gutiérrez ◽  
Eduardo E. Espinoza-Medinilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Random Mating ◽  
Didelphis Virginiana ◽  
Southern Mexico ◽  
Generalist Species ◽  
Central Depression ◽  
High Dispersal ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract:The Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana) is considered highly adaptable to anthropogenic disturbances; however, the genetic effects of disturbance on this marsupial have not been studied in wild populations in Mexico. Here we evaluated the genetic diversity of D. virginiana at sites with different levels of disturbance within the Highlands and Central Depression regions of Chiapas in southern Mexico. Twelve microsatellite loci were used and the results demonstrated moderate mean heterozygosity (He = 0.60; Ho = 0.50). No significant differences in heterozygosity were found among sites with different levels of disturbance in both regions (range Ho = 0.42–0.57). We observed low but significant levels of genetic differentiation according to disturbance level. The inbreeding coefficient did not differ significantly from zero, suggesting that low genetic differentiation in these environments may be associated with sufficient random mating and gene flow, a result associated with the high dispersal and tolerance characteristics of this marsupial. Our results for D. virginiana in this particular area of Mexico provide a foundation for exploring the impact of human disturbance on the genetic diversity of a common and generalist species.

scholarly journals Natural Intervarietal Hybrids of Coffea canephora Have a High Content of Diterpenes

Beverages ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Julyene Silva Francisco ◽  
Rafael Carlos Eloy Dias ◽  
Enrique Anastácio Alves ◽  
Rodrigo Barros Rocha ◽  
Janderson Rodrigues Dalazen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
The State ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Porto Velho ◽  
Light Medium

The present investigation characterized the diterpene profile of Coffea canephora coffees, which are natural intervarietal hybrids of Conilon and Robusta. The impact of genetic diversity and environment on these compounds was also evaluated. Five genotypes (clones 03, 05, 08, 25, and 66) from six growing sites in the State of Rondônia in the western Amazon (Alto Alegre dos Parecis, São Miguel do Guaporé, Nova Brasilândia do Oeste, Porto Velho, Rolim de Moura, and Alto Paraíso) were analyzed. The contents of kahweol, cafestol, and 16-O-methylcafestol in light-medium roasted coffees were assessed by UPLC. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey’s test (p ≤ 0.05). The contents of cafestol and 16-O-methylcafestol ranged from 96 to 457 mg 100 g−1 and 75 to 433 mg 100 g−1, respectively. As for kahweol, from absence up to contents of 36.9 mg 100 g−1 was observed. The diterpene profile was dependent on genetics, growing site, and the interaction between these factors. A higher variability was observed for kahweol contents. The natural intervarietal hybrid coffees stood out for their high contents of diterpenes and increased frequency of kahweol presence (77% of the samples).

scholarly journals Genetic bottleneck and founder effect signatures in a captive population of common bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus (Montagu 1821) in Mexico

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Améndola-Pimenta ◽  
Miriam Camelo-Marrufo ◽  
Jesús Alejandro Zamora-Briseño ◽  
Ioreni Margarita Hernández-Velázquez ◽  
Roberto Zamora-Bustillos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Founder Effect ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphin ◽  
Tursiops Truncatus ◽  
Genetic Bottleneck ◽  
Quintana Roo ◽  
Captive Population ◽  
The Impact

Background. The captive cetacean industry is very profitable and popular worldwide, focusing mainly on leisure activities such as “Swim-with-dolphins” (SWD) programs. However, there is a concern for how captivity could affect the bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus, which in nature is a highly social and widespread species. To date, there is little information regarding to the impact of restricted population size on their genetic structure and variability. Methods. The aim of this study was to estimate the genetic diversity of a confined population of T. truncatus, composed of wild-born (n=25) from Cuba, Quintana Roo and Tabasco, and captive-born (n=24) dolphins in southern Mexico, using the hypervariable portion of the mitochondrial DNA and ten nuclear microsatellite markers: TexVet3, TexVet5, TexVet7, D18, D22, Ttr19, Tur4_80, Tur4_105, Tur4_141 and GATA098. Results. Exclusive mtDNA haplotypes were found in at least one individual from each wild-born origin populations and in one captive-born individual; total mean haplotype and nucleotide diversities were 0.912 (±0.016) and 0.025 (±0.013) respectively. At microsatellite loci, low levels of genetic diversity were found with a mean number of alleles per locus of 4 (±2.36), and an average expected heterozygosity over all loci of 0.544 (±0.163). Measures of allelic richness and effective number of alleles were similar between captive-born and wild-born dolphins. No significant genetic structure was found with microsatellite markers, whereas the mtDNA data revealed a significant differentiation between wild-born organisms from Cuba and Quintana ROO. Discussion. Data analysis suggests the occurrence of a recent genetic bottleneck in the confined population probably because of a strong founder effect, given that only a small number of dolphins with a limited fraction of the total species genetic variation were selected at random to start this captive population. The results herein provide the first genetic baseline information on a captive bottlenose dolphin population in Mexico.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Relatedness among Captive African Painted Dogs in North America

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1463
Author(s):  
Cassandra M. Miller-Butterworth ◽  
Karen Vacco ◽  
Amy L. Russell ◽  
Joseph C. Gaspard
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
North America ◽  
Mhc Class Ii ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Captive Population ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Size Estimates

African painted dogs (Lycaon pictus, APD) are highly endangered, with fewer than 7000 remaining in nature. Captive breeding programs can preserve a genetically diverse population and provide a source of individuals for reintroductions. However, most programs are initiated from few founders and suffer from low genetic diversity and inbreeding. The aims of this study were to use molecular markers to assess genetic variation, inbreeding, and relatedness among APDs in the North American captive population, to use these data to realign studbook records, and to compare these data to wild populations and to the European captive population to facilitate the development of a global management plan. We sequenced mitochondrial and major histocompatibility (MHC) class II loci and genotyped 14 microsatellite loci from 109 APDs from 34 institutions in North America. We identified three likely studbook errors and resolved ten cases of uncertain paternity. Overall, microsatellite heterozygosity was higher than reported in Europe, but effective population size estimates were lower. Mitochondrial sequence variation was extremely limited, and there were fewer MHC haplotypes than in Europe or the wild. Although the population did not show evidence of significant inbreeding overall, several individuals shared high relatedness values, which should be incorporated into future breeding programs.

scholarly journals Diversity and distribution of freshwater turtles (Reptilia: Testudines) in Goa, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 12194
Author(s):  
Trupti D. Jadhav ◽  
Nitin S. Sawant ◽  
Soorambail K. Shyama
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
The State ◽  
Middle Level ◽  
Freshwater Turtle ◽  
Freshwater Turtles ◽  
Trachemys Scripta Elegans ◽  
The World ◽  
Living Species

Freshwater turtles symbolize a key component of biodiversity in aquatic ecosystems.  Of the 356 living species of turtles and tortoises in the world, 34 species are recorded from India.  The number of freshwater turtle and tortoise species found in the state of Goa, however, is debatable.  No study specific to the Goa region has been carried out on freshwater turtles.  Therefore, baseline data on diversity and distribution of freshwater turtles is scanty.  The present study was conducted to address this lacuna in knowledge, which will further aid in identifying threats to the population of freshwater turtles and in devising appropriate methods for their conservation.  The diversity and distribution of freshwater turtles was investigated in 186 sites in Goa from June 2012 to May 2015.  A total of 337 specimens of two native and one introduced species of freshwater turtles belonging to three families—Trionychidae (Indian Flap-shell Turtle Lissemys puncata), Geomydidae (Indian Black Turtle Melanochelys trijuga) and Emydidae (Red-eared Slider Trachemys scripta elegans)— were identified.  Melanochelys trijuga (52.23%) was the most widely and abundantly distributed species, and was recorded from 132 sites.  L. punctata (46.88%) was recorded from 113 sites, while T. scripta elegans (0.89%) was rare and was recorded from only two sites. While Melanochelys trijuga is generalized in habitat selection, making it the widely distributed species in the State of Goa, L. punctata is more specific in habitat selection thus restricting its range to coastal, middle-level plateau and the foothills of Western Ghats. 

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