Hip and Core Muscle Activation During High-Load Core Stabilization Exercises

2021 ◽  
pp. 194173812110152
Author(s):  
Zohre Khosrokiani ◽  
Amir Letafatkar ◽  
Bahram Sheikhi ◽  
Abbey C. Thomas ◽  
Peyman Aghaie-ataabadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Activity Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Load ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Gluteal Muscle ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Right ◽  
G Ratio

Background: There is some evidence that high-load lumbar stabilization exercises, such as back bridge, can recruit both local and global muscles. Hypothesis: Therapeutic exercises would optimize gluteus maximus (GMax), gluteus medius (GMed), multifidus (MF), and transversus abdominis (TrA) activation, while minimizing the activation of the tensor fascia latae (TFL) and erector spinae (ES) muscles in healthy individuals. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Research laboratory. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, surface electromyography (EMG) of GMax, GMed, TFL, TrA, MF, and ES was used to quantify the gluteal-to-TFL muscle activation (GTA) index and a ratio of local to global (L/G) lumbar muscles during (1) the elbow-toe exercise in the prone position, (2) the elbow-toe with right left lifted, (3) the hand-knee with left arm and right leg lifted, (4) the back bridge, (5) the back bridge with right leg lifted, (6) the back bridge with left leg lifted, (7) the side bridge with left leg lifted, (8) the side bridge with right leg lifted, and (9) the elbow-toe with right leg horizontally lifted exercises in healthy individuals (20 men, 20 women; age, 25 ± 4 years). Results: The back bridge exercise with left leg lift generated the highest L/G muscles activity ratio (L/G = 3.35) while the hand-knee exercise yielded the lowest L/G muscles activity ratio (L/G = 1.21). The side bridge exercise with left elbow and foot and lifting the right leg (GTA = 63.78), hand-knee exercise (GTA = 49.62), back bridge (GTA = 28.05), and elbow-toe exercise with left leg horizontally lifted (GTA = 23.02) generated the highest GTA indices, respectively. Meanwhile, the normalized EMG amplitude for GMax was significantly less than the TFL, for elbow-toe exercise ( P < 0.001), back bridge with left leg lift ( P = 0.001), side bridge exercise with the right elbow and foot and lifting the left leg ( P = 0.002), and elbow-toe exercise with right leg horizontally lifted ( P < 0.001). Conclusion: The highest GTA indexes were observed during (1) the side bridge lifting the dominant leg and (2) the hand-knee horizontally lifting dominant leg, respectively. The L/G ratio was highest during (1) the back bridge lifting nondominant leg, (2) back bridge, and (3) back bridge lifting dominant leg, respectively. This study supports the use of back bridge exercises to strengthen the MF and side bridges to improve gluteal muscle activation. Clinical Relevance: The highest GTA index was observed in the side bridge lifting the right leg. Highest L/G ratio was in the back bridge with nondominant leg lifted. This study supports the use of back bridge exercises to strengthen the MF. This study supports the use of side bridges to improve gluteal muscle activation.

scholarly journals Transversus abdominis and multifidus asymmetry in runners measured by MRI: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e000556
Author(s):  
Ulrike H Mitchell ◽  
A Wayne Johnson ◽  
Patrick J Owen ◽  
Timo Rantalainen ◽  
Daniel Belavy
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Transversus Abdominis ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Multifidus Muscle ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Right

ObjectiveThe transversus abdominis muscle (TrA) is active during running as a secondary respiratory muscle and acts, together with the multifidus, as trunk stabiliser. The purpose of this study was to determine size and symmetry of TrA and multifidus muscles at rest and with contraction in endurance runners without low back pain.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingA medical imaging centre in Melbourne, Australia.ParticipantsThirty middle-aged (43years±7) endurance-trained male (n=18) and female (n=12) runners without current or history of low back pain.Outcome measuresMRI at rest and with the core engaged. The TrA and multifidus muscles were measured for thickness and length (TrA) and anteroposterior and mediolateral thickness (multifidus). Muscle activation was extrapolated from rest to contraction and compared with the same and contralateral side. Paired t-tests were performed to compare sides and contraction status.ResultsLeft and right TrA and multifidus demonstrated similar parameters at rest (p>0.05). However, with contraction, the right TrA and multifidus (in mediolateral direction) were 9.2% (p=0.038) and 42% (p<0.001) thicker, respectively, than their counterparts on the left. There was no TrA thickness side difference with contraction in left-handed participants (p=0.985). When stratified by sex, the contracted TrA on the right side remained 8.4% thicker, but it was no longer statistically significant (p=0.134). The side difference with contraction of the TrA became less with increasing training age.ConclusionsRight-handed long-term runners without low back pain exhibit a greater right side core muscle activation when performing an isometric contraction. This activation preference diminishes with increasing training age.

scholarly journals Overflow of Muscle Activation by Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation in Standing Position: A Cross-Sectional Electromyographic Investigation in Healthy Individuals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciane Aparecida Pascucci Sande de Souza ◽  
Monica B. Curtarelli ◽  
Cyntia Rogean de Jesus Alves de Baptista ◽  
Valdeci Carlos Dionisio
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Gluteus Maximus ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background Although in several studies has been observed the principle of overflow of muscle activation, no one explored if this principle occurs in a standing position. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence and the condition of the overflow from upper limb migrating to inferior contralateral supported limb in standing position in healthy subjects.Methods Cross-sectional study with one sample. Eleven healthy individuals with a mean age of 22 (± 5.6) years were evaluated during 5 tasks applying the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation in left side 1) rest, 2) active diagonal primitive3) isotonic resistive diagonal primitive, 4) isometric resistive diagonal primitive, 5) active primitive diagonal with active extension of the right lower limb. The right side was monitored by electromyography activity of the tibial anterior, soleus, vastus medial oblique, rectus abdominis, tensor fasciae latae, gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, adductor longus muscles.Results Results showed a difference between tasks for soleus muscle (p < 0.001), with higher clinical relevance (d = 0.87), and the task with diagonal primitive against isotonic resistance produced more electromyography activity (p < 0.001). For all muscles there was a clinical relevance (d > 0.55). Conclusion The approach used in this study could improve the condition of distal muscles, mainly soleus, facilitating the acquisition of a standing position as soon as possible.

Distribution and Characteristics of Intrathoracic Lymphadenopathy in TB/HIV Co-Infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 414-420
Author(s):  
Payam Mehrian ◽  
Abtin Doroudinia ◽  
Moghadaseh Shams ◽  
Niloufar Alizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Short Axis ◽  
Mediastinal Lymph Nodes ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hilar Adenopathy ◽  
The Right ◽  
Pulmonary Abnormalities

Background: Intrathoracic Lymphadenopathy (ITLN) in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infected patients may have various etiologies and prognoses. Etiologies of ITLN can be distinguished based on the distribution of enlarged lymph nodes. Sometimes tuberculosis (TB) is the first sign of underlying HIV infection. Objective: We sought to determine ITLN distribution and associated pulmonary findings in TB/HIV co-infection using Computed Tomography (CT) scan. Methods: In this retrospective, observational, cross-sectional study, chest CT scans of 52 patients with TB/HIV co-infection were assessed for enlarged intrathoracic lymph nodes (>10 mm in short axis diameter), lymphadenopathy (LAP) distribution, calcification, conglomeration, the presence of hypodense center and associated pulmonary abnormalities. LAP distribution was compared in TB/HIV co-infection with isolated TB infection. Results: Mediastinal and/or hilar LAP were seen in 53.8% of TB/HIV co-infection patients. In all cases, LAP was multinational. The most frequent stations were right lower paratracheal and subcarinal stations. Lymph node conglomeration, hypodense center and calcification were noted in 25%, 21.4% and 3.5% of patients, respectively. LAP distribution was the same as that in patients with isolated TB infection except for the right hilar, right upper paratracheal and prevascular stations. All patients with mediastinal and/or hilar adenopathy had associated pulmonary abnormalities. Conclusion: All patients with TB/HIV co-infection and mediastinal and/or hilar adenopathy had associated pulmonary abnormalities. Superior mediastinal lymph nodes were less commonly affected in TB/HIV co-infection than isolated TB.

scholarly journals Assessment of the virtual guide on eye self-examination in the context of HIV/AIDS

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (spe1) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennara Candido Nascimento ◽  
Maria Alzete Lima ◽  
Paulo Cesár de Almeida ◽  
Lorita Marlena Freitag Pagliuca ◽  
Joselany Áfio Caetano
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eye Health ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Socioeconomic Profile ◽  
The Right ◽  
Self Examination ◽  
Text Illustrations ◽  
Hiv Aids

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the efficacy of a virtual guide with a view to promoting eye health. METHODS: Cross-sectional study carried out with 130 HIV/AIDS patients from an ambulatory unit between May and August/2010. The data was collected through interviews and observation, using three forms that addressed the socioeconomic profile, understanding and performing the virtual guide eye self-examination. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, χ² and Fisher-Freeman-Halton tests. It was considered statistically significant p <0.05. RESULTS: The virtual guide was positively evaluated in the categories of understanding and adequacy of text illustrations. There was statistically significant difference between the tests performed with this virtual guide (p=0.036). Comparing the results obtained by participants and researchers, we observed similarities in the findings (p>0.140), excepting only the evaluation of the right eyelid. CONCLUSION: The virtual guide helped developing proper eye self-exam, enabling people to notice alterations in their eyes.

scholarly journals Organ donation perception and beliefs: a cross sectional study amongst degree college students and teachers in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 399
Author(s):  
Priyanka Gupta ◽  
Shreya Sodhani ◽  
Kamaxi Bhate
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
College Teachers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Deceased Organ Donation ◽  
The Right

Background: Studies have shown that there is a lack of understanding about deceased organ donation. An adequate knowledge and the right attitude towards organ donation helps create a positive influence on people which may increase the organ donation rate. Since young students are less prejudiced and easily accept new ideas, it is necessary to educate the youth about organ donation through their teachers. At the same time, it is imperative to train teachers who will be responsible for spreading awareness so that they can include this topic in their lessons.Methods: A cross- sectional study was conducted among the degree college teachers and students in Mumbai city from November 2017- January 2018, after obtaining the institutional ethical approval and written informed consent. Using purposive sampling, teachers and students of degree colleges in Mumbai were approached, out of which 40 students and 40 teachers consented to participate in the study. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess the pre-existing understanding, beliefs, perception and attitude about deceased organ donation.  Results: Limited number of degree college teachers and students were aware of the various terminologies related to organ donation. Organ donation definition was correctly answered by 23 teachers (57.5%) and 17 students (42.5%). The correct meaning of brainstem death was known to 19 teachers (47.5%) and 2 students (5%). There are certain misconceptions and perceptions about deceased organ donation among both the teachers and the students. 13 teachers (32.5%) and 16 students (40%) believed that donor family will be revealed about the recipient’s details. 7 teachers (17.5%) and 18 students (45%) were of the opinion that government provides monetary support to donor families. decision of organ donation after death rests on relatives was known to 33 teachers (82.5%) and 21 students (52.5%). About 6 teachers (15%) and 18 students (45%) wrongly believed that if conflicts arise between relatives’ organs can still be donated. There’s no possibility of buying /selling of organs in India was known 27 teachers (67.5%) and 31 students (77.5%). About 34 teachers (85%) and 31 students (77.5%) wanted to pledge for organ donation after death. 90% teachers and 80% students said they think deceased organ donation awareness should be incorporated in the education curriculum.Conclusions: 85% of the study subjects (both teachers and students) felt the need of intensifying organ donation awareness programmes. Thus, organ donation awareness should be effectively incorporated in the educational curriculum.

scholarly journals Vertebrogenic back pain syndrome in children 9–17 years with spinal deformities

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marchel S. Vetrile ◽  
Aleksandr A. Kuleshov ◽  
Nikolai A. Eskin ◽  
Mikhail B. Tsykunov ◽  
Alexey I. Kokorev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Back Pain ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Spinal Deformities ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray

Aim. We defined the prevalence of back pain in children and adolescents aged 917 years with spinal deformities. Material and methods. The cross-sectional study included 230 students with different spinal deformities aged 917 years. The prevalence of back pain, intensity, location, and situations in which it occurred were assessed via questionnaire. Results. Among 230 respondents, 186 (80.9%) admitted that they had experienced back pain (mainly in the lumbar spine) at various frequencies within the year preceding the study. Mild pain was prevalent (71% of respondents). Girls experienced back pain significantly more frequently than boys. Conclusions. Back pain in children and adolescents requires clinical and instrumental examination, including X-ray. Back pain is a frequent phenomenon in children with different spinal deformities. Тhe incidence of pain in children and adolescents with spinal deformities in our study is statistically higher than that of healthy individuals of the same age group.

Width and thickness of the gingiva in periodontally healthy individuals in a central Indian population: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradeep S. Anand ◽  
Abhinav Bansal ◽  
Balaji R. Shenoi ◽  
Kavitha P. Kamath ◽  
Namitha P. Kamath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals No QTc Prolongation in Girls and Women with Turner Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris D Noordman ◽  
Anthonie L Duijnhouwer ◽  
Misty Coert ◽  
Melanie Bos ◽  
Marlies Kempers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Turner Syndrome ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Qtc Interval ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Qtc Prolongation ◽  
Genetic Condition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Qt Intervals

Abstract Context Turner syndrome (TS) is a genetic condition that is reported to be associated with a prolonged rate-corrected QT (QTc) interval. Objectives To evaluate the prevalence of QTc prolongation in patients with TS, to compare their QTc intervals with healthy controls, and to investigate whether QTc prolongation is associated with a monosomy 45,X karyotype. Method Girls (n = 101) and women (n = 251) with TS visiting our center from 2004–2018 were included in this cross-sectional study. QT intervals of 12-leaded electrocardiograms were measured manually, using Bazett’s and Hodges formulas to correct for heart rate. A QTc interval of &gt;450 ms for girls and &gt;460 ms for women was considered prolonged. Corrected QT (QTc) intervals of patients with TS were compared to the QTc intervals of healthy girls and women from the same age groups derived from the literature. Results In total, 5% of the population with TS had a prolonged QTc interval using Bazett’s formula and 0% using Hodges formula. Mean QTc intervals of these patients were not prolonged compared with the QTc interval of healthy individuals from the literature. Girls showed shorter mean QTc intervals compared with women. We found no association between monosomy 45,X and prolongation of the QTc interval. Conclusions This study shows that the QTc interval in girls and women with TS is not prolonged compared with the general population derived from the literature, using both Bazett’s and Hodges formulas. Furthermore, girls show shorter QTc intervals compared with women, and a monosomy 45,X karyotype is not associated with QTc prolongation.

scholarly journals Health consequences of thick forest fire smoke to healthy residents in Riau, Indonesia: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamal Zaini ◽  
Agus Dwi Susanto ◽  
Erlang Samoedro ◽  
Vonni Christiana Bionika ◽  
Budhi Antariksa
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fire Disaster ◽  
Fire Smoke ◽  
Forest Fire Disaster

BACKGROUND Indonesia forest fire in 2015 emitted a huge amount of pollutants into the air. This study was aimed to assess the health consequences of forest fire smoke in healthy residents in Riau during forest fire disaster in 2015. METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed in healthy residents who lived in Pekanbaru, Riau Province, Sumatera, for at least 6 months during forest fire disaster in 2015, and data were taken in October 2015. Questionnaires consisting of respiratory and non-respiratory symptoms were collected. Lung function was assessed by spirometry (MIR II Spirolab™ spirometer, Medical International Research, Italy) and exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) was assessed using piCO+ Smokerlyzer®. Heart rate at rest and oxygen saturation in the room air were measured using Onyx 9591 Pulse Oximeter®. RESULTS A total of 89 subjects were mostly female (75.3%), housewife (37.7%), nonsmoker (86.5%) with mean age of 38.9 years old. The non-respiratory and respiratory symptoms were reported in 84.7% and 71.4% subjects, respectively. Lung function was impaired in 72.6% subjects, mostly with mild obstruction and mild restriction. Exhaled CO was highly detected over normal values (mean [standard deviation] = 32.6 [9.97] ppm) with predicted carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) of 5.74 (1.56). CONCLUSIONS Forest fire smoke exposure increased the respiratory and nonrespiratory symptoms among healthy individuals, which showed impairment in lung function, exhaled CO, and predicted COHb. Long term health effects on healthy individuals exposed to forest fire smoke warrant further evaluation.

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