scholarly journals COVID-19–Associated Acute Asymmetric Hemorrhagic Necrotizing Encephalopathy: A Case Report

2022 ◽  
pp. 194187442110553
Author(s):  
Najo Jomaa ◽  
Tarek El Halabi ◽  
Jawad Melhem ◽  
Georgette Dib ◽  
Youssef Ghosn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Biological Drugs ◽  
Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Acute Necrotizing ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Right

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been associated with many neurological complications affecting the central nervous system. Purpose: Our aim was to describe a case of COVID-19 associated with a probable variant of acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE). Results: A 60-year-old man who presented with a 3-day history of dyspnea, fever, and cough tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome–coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Five days following his admission, the patient was intubated secondary to respiratory failure. Following his extubation 16 days later, he was found to have a left-sided weakness. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain showed hemorrhagic rim-enhancing lesions involving the right thalamus, left hippocampus, and left parahippocampal gyrus. These lesions showed decreased relative cerebral blood flow on MR perfusion and restricted on diffusion-weighted imaging. These neuroimaging findings were consistent with ANE. The left-sided weakness gradually improved over the subsequent weeks. Conclusions: We concluded that COVID-19 can be associated with ANE, a condition believed to be the result of an immune-mediated process with activation of the innate immune system. Future studies must address whether biological drugs targeting the pro-inflammatory cytokines could prevent the development of this condition.

scholarly journals Involvement of peripheral III nerve in multiple sclerosis patient: Report of a new case and discussion of the underlying mechanism

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 748-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Shor ◽  
Maria del Mar Amador ◽  
Didier Dormont ◽  
Catherine Lubetzki ◽  
Anne Bertrand
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Secondary Process ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Damage ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Right

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disorder that affects the central nervous system myelin. However, a few radiological cases have documented an involvement of peripheral cranial nerves, within the subarachnoid space, in MS patients. We report the case of a 36-year-old female with a history of relapsing-remitting (RR) MS who consulted for a subacute complete paralysis of the right III nerve. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination showed enhancement and thickening of the cisternal right III nerve, in continuity with a linear, mesencephalic, acute demyelinating lesion. Radiological involvement of the cisternal part of III nerve has been reported only once in MS patients. Radiological involvement of the cisternal part of V nerve occurs more frequently, in almost 3% of MS patients. In both situations, the presence of a central demyelinating lesion, in continuity with the enhancement of the peripheral nerve, suggests that peripheral nerve damage is a secondary process, rather than a primary target of demyelination.

scholarly journals Granulomatous orchitis: case report and review of the literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 030006052110037
Author(s):  
Liu Liang ◽  
Wang Jiajia ◽  
Li Shoubin ◽  
Qi Yufeng ◽  
Wang Gang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Color Doppler ◽  
Radical Resection ◽  
Blood Flow Imaging ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Disease Characteristics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Right ◽  
Combined Spinal Epidural Anesthesia ◽  
Spinal Epidural

We report the disease characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment of granulomatous orchitis. A 38-year-old man presented with a history of intermittent swelling, pain, and discomfort in the right testicle of 3 days’ duration. Unenhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the testis and scrotum revealed an oval mass in the right testis measuring approximately 17 mm in diameter, with clear borders and a target ring-like appearance from periphery to center. T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) showed uniform low-intensity signals, and T2WI showed mixed high- and low-intensity signals. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) signals were iso-intense, and the outer ring on enhanced scans showed progressive enhancement. We performed radical resection of the right testis under combined spinal–epidural anesthesia. The pathological diagnosis was granulomatous right orchitis. Two months postoperatively, ultrasonography showed no testis and epididymal echo signals in the right scrotum, and no obvious abnormalities; color Doppler blood flow imaging (CDFI) findings were normal. Granulomatous orchitis is rare in clinical practice, and the cause is unknown. The disease involves non-specific inflammation; however, it is currently believed that antibiotics and steroids are ineffective for conservative treatment, and orchiectomy should be actively performed.

Comorbid Depressive Disorders in Epilepsy

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (S4) ◽  
pp. 3-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres M. Kanner ◽  
Andrew J. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Room ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Clonic Seizure ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Abnormal Signal ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Right ◽  
History Of Depression

A 27-year-old woman presented to the emergency room after having witnessed generalized tonic clonic seizure while asleep. Birth and development were normal. She had suffered a single febrile seizure at 13 months of age, but had no other seizure risk factors. She was otherwise well except for a history of depression for which she was taking sertraline. Depressive symptoms had been well controlled over the past 3 months, but she had been under increased stress working to finish a doctoral thesis. Neurological examination was normal. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed modest asymmetry of the hippocampi, slightly smaller on the right, but no abnormal signal and well-preserved laminar anatomy. An electroencephalogram was negative. She was discharged from the emergency room with no treatment. Three weeks later, the patient's boyfriend witnessed an episode of behavioral arrest with lip smacking and swallowing automatisms lasting 45 seconds, after which the patient was confused for 20–30 minutes. The next morning she and her boyfriend kept a previously scheduled appointment with a neurologist.

Immune-Mediated Neutropenia in a Miniature Poodle

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Brunson
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Marrow Aspirate ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Tertiary Referral Center ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Specialized Equipment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Light Sedation ◽  
The Right

ABSTRACT A 10 yr old spayed female toy poodle was presented to a tertiary referral center for a 10 day history of waxing and waning lethargy, vomiting, diarrhea, and anorexia. An immune-mediated neutropenia (IMN) was suspected to be the underlying cause of her clinical signs. A bone marrow aspirate was obtained from the chostochondral junction of the 11th and 12th ribs on the right side and provided a definitive diagnosis of IMN. A positive response to therapy and repeat blood work further confirmed the diagnosis. Obtaining bone marrow aspirates from the chostochondral junction is a safe, cheap, and reliable method of diagnosing IMN and can be performed in the private practice setting with light sedation and minimal need for specialized equipment.

scholarly journals Intracranial And Intraorbital Rosai Dorfman Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 5187-5191
Author(s):  
Sivapriya G Nair ◽  
Jina Raj ◽  
Sajesh K Menon ◽  
Suhas Udayakumaran ◽  
Roshni P R
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Disease Treatment ◽  
Mri Scan ◽  
Massive Lymphadenopathy ◽  
Rosai Dorfman Disease ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Suprasellar Extension

Rosai Dorfman disease is a rare histiocytic disorder. It is also known as Sinus Histiocytosis. It is with massive lymphadenopathy involves an overproduction of a type of white blood cell. The disease is rarely associated with intracranial and intraorbital involvement. Intracranial Rosai-Dorfman can mimic meningioma. Other pathologies also underline its pathologies. Here, we report a nine-year-old boy with a history of proptosis of the right eye and presenting with multiple skull lesions. Histopathological study revealed Sphenopetroclival lesion, which features that of Rosai Dorfman Disease. His MRI scan of the brain was taken, which showed evidence of right optic nerve meningioma with sella and suprasellar extension, causing severe proptosis. The child underwent right frontotemporal craniotomy with petrosectomy and Transylvanian, subtemporal approach to multicompartmental Rosai-Dorfmans lesion. After four months, the patient had a recurrence of the disease on which chemotherapy and steroids were started, which also did not show much response while taking an MRI scan. A corticosteroid is a useful option in the Central Nervous System Rosai Dorfman disease treatment. But this patient showed a negative outcome to the treatment.

scholarly journals Intracranial subdural osteoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 205873922092685
Author(s):  
Yunna Yang ◽  
Zheng Gu ◽  
Yinglun Song
Keyword(s):  
Dura Mater ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Benign Neoplasms ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
History Of ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
T1 Hyperintensity ◽  
The Right

Subdural osteomas are extremely rare benign neoplasms. Here, we report the case of a 35-year-old female patient with a right frontal and parietal subdural osteoma. The patient presented with a 2-year history of intermittent headache and fatigue. Computerized tomography (CT) scan showed a high-density lesion attached to the inner surface of the right frontal and parietal skull. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated T1 hyperintensity and T2 hypointensity of the lesion. Intraoperatively, the hard mass was located in subdural space and attached to the dura mater. Histopathological examination revealed lamellated bony trabeculae lined by osteoblasts and the intertrabecular marrow spaces occupied by adipose tissue. The patient underwent neurosurgical resection and recovered without complication. Surgical excision is recommended to extract the symptomatic lesions with overlying dura mater.

scholarly journals CD56bright Natural Killer Cells: A Possible Biomarker of Different Treatments in Multiple Sclerosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Laroni ◽  
Antonio Uccelli
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Natural Killer ◽  
Dimethyl Fumarate ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Clinical Activity ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system, which leads, in many cases, to irreversible disability. More than 15 disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) are available for the treatment of MS. Clinical activity or activity at magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are now used to assess the efficacy of DMTs, but are negative prognostic factors per se. Therefore, a biomarker permitting us to identify patients who respond to treatment before they develop clinical/radiological signs of MS activity would be of high importance. The number of circulating CD56bright natural killer (NK) cells may be such a biomarker. CD56bright NK cells are a regulatory immune population belonging to the innate immune system. The number of CD56bright NK cells increases upon treatment with interferon-beta, alemtuzumab, dimethyl fumarate, after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and is higher in those who respond to fingolimod. In some cases, an increased number of CD56bright NK cells is associated with an increase in their regulatory function. In the current review, we will evaluate the known effect on CD56bright NK cells of DMTs for MS, and will discuss their possible role as a biomarker for treatment response in MS.

First report of the simultaneous occurrence of choroid plexus papilloma and meningioma in a dog

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano Espino ◽  
Maruska Suarez ◽  
German Santamarina ◽  
Mónica Vila ◽  
Natalia Miño ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Choroid Plexus Papilloma ◽  
The Other ◽  
Simultaneous Occurrence ◽  
Falx Cerebri ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Right ◽  
Plexus Papilloma

A 7-year-old spayed female English Cocker Spaniel was examined because of a 1-week history of lethargy, stumbling over objects and circling, and the presence of two tonic-clonic generalised seizures two days before presentation. The neurological signs suggested a lesion involving the right forebrain. Computed tomography revealed the presence of two intracranial masses, one located inside the right lateral ventricle and the other located in the right frontal lobe attached to the falx cerebri. Because of the poor prognosis, the owner refused to continue with the therapy and the dog was euthanised. On postmortem examination one mass was diagnosed histologically as a meningioma and the other as a papilloma of the choroid plexus. Information in the veterinary literature on multiple malignancies affecting the central nervous system is very limited. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the association of meningioma and choroid plexus papilloma has never been reported either in the human or in the veterinary medical literature.

scholarly journals Metronidazole-Induced Encephalopathy: Case Report and Review of MRI Findings

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 512-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamsheed A. Desai ◽  
Jessica Dobson ◽  
Michel Melanson ◽  
Giovanna Pari ◽  
Albert Yongwon Jin
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Finding ◽  
Sensory Loss ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Axonal Polyneuropathy ◽  
Large Fibre ◽  
History Of ◽  
Impaired Balance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Right ◽  
Vibration Threshold

A 74-year-old man presented with a four week history of behavioural disturbances, upper and lower extremity numbness and impaired balance. He had been treated with metronidazole for six months for osteomyelitis of the right hallux. Examination revealed encephalopathy, and glove-and-stocking sensory loss to pinprick with reduced vibration threshold at the toe. The gait was wide based and ataxic. Nerve conduction studies showed a large fibre sensory-motor axonal polyneuropathy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a solitary restricted diffusion lesion in the splenium of the corpus callosum (Figure A, B) with subtle prolongation of T2 (Figure C). The radiographic differential diagnosis included hypoglycaemia, viral encephalitis, antiepileptic drug toxicity/withdrawal and metronidazole toxicity. The combination of the imaging finding with the history of prolonged metronidazole use suggested metronidazole induced encephalopathy.

The life history of the rat lung-worm, Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Chen) (Nematoda: Metastrongylidae).

1955 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Mackerras ◽  
DF Sandars
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
The Body ◽  
Angiostrongylus Cantonensis ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Anterior Portion ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Right

Adult Angiostrongylus cantonensis live in the pulmonary arteries. Unsegmented ova are discharged into the blood stream, and lodge as emboli in the smaller vessels. First-stage larvae break through into the respiratory tract, migrate up the trachea, and eventually pass out of the body in the faeces. Slugs (Agriolimax laevis) act as intermediate hosts. Two moults occur in the slug, and third-stage larvae appear about the 17th day. The larvae remain within the two cast skins until freed in the stomach of the rat by digestion. They then pass quickly along the small intestine as far as the lower ileum, where they leave the gut and become blood-borne. They congregate in the central nervous system, and have been found there 17 hr after ingestion. The anterior portion of the cerebrum is the most favoured site, and here the third moult takes place on the sixth or seventh day and the final one between the 11th and 13th days. Young adults emerge on the surface of the brain from the 12th to 14th day, and spend the next 2 weeks in the subarachnoid space. From the 28th to 31st days they migrate to the lungs via the venous system, passing through the right side of the heart to their definitive site in the pulmonary arteries. The prepatent period in the rat usually lies between 42 and 45 days.

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