The Effect of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Incorporated into a Hyaluronic Acid-Based Nasal Pack on Nasal Mucosal Healing in a Healthy Sheep Model and a Sheep Model of Chronic Sinusitis

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh Rajapaksa ◽  
David McIntosh ◽  
Allison Cowin ◽  
Damian Adams ◽  
Peter-John Wormald
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Chronic Sinusitis ◽  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Sheep Model ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Healthy Sheep

Background Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is the accepted surgical treatment for chronic refractory rhinosinusitis. Prolonged healing and adhesion formation remain common problems. This study investigates the use of a hyaluronic acid-based pack impregnated with insulin-like growth factor (IGF) 1 to facilitate more rapid and effective healing after ESS in a healthy sheep model and a sheep model of chronic sinusitis. Methods This study used 12 healthy sheep and 9 sheep with chronic sinusitis. In each sheep one side (computer randomized) was used as a control. Under endoscopic guidance, mucosal injuries and adhesions were created on both sides and were either packed with a hyaluronic acid pack impregnated with IGF-1 or left unpacked as a control. Serial biopsies were performed for 4 months. Results In the healthy sheep there was a statistically significant (p < 0.05) improvement in reepithelialization in IGF-1 packed wounds at day 28 (89% for IGF-1 versus 44% for controls). In both healthy sheep and sheep with sinusitis there was no significant difference in mucosal reepithelialization at any of the other measured time points. In the sinusitis group, there was a significant decrease in ciliary regeneration at day 56 in the Merogel/IGF-1 group compared with the control group: 59.20% versus 77.68% (p < 0.01) and at day 112, 69.70% versus 87.26% (p < 0.01). Conclusion Hyaluronic acid impregnated with IGF-1 improved reepithelialization in the healthy sheep but not in the sheep with chronic rhinosinusitis. These packs had a detrimental effect on mucosal ciliary regeneration in the sheep with chronic rhinosinusitis.

The Effect of a Hyaluronic Acid–Based Nasal Pack on Mucosal Healing in a Sheep Model of Sinusitis

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 572-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh P. Rajapaksa ◽  
Allison Cowin ◽  
Damian Adams ◽  
Peter-John Wormald
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Chronic Sinusitis ◽  
Adhesion Formation ◽  
Mucosal Healing ◽  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
Lateral Nasal Wall ◽  
Sheep Model ◽  
Nasal Pack ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Clinically Significant

Background A hyaluronic acid–based nasal pack has been shown previously to have a beneficial effect on mucosal healing in a healthy sheep model. However, endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) usually is performed in the presence of infection and inflammation. The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of hyaluronic acid–based nasal packing on mucosal healing in a sheep model of chronic sinusitis. Methods A standardized sheep model of chronic sinusitis was used. Full-thickness mucosal injuries were performed under endoscopic guidance with a microdebrider. Adjacent wounds were created between the lateral nasal wall and the ethmoid turbinate. Then, the injuries were either packed with a dissolvable hyaluronic acid–based pack or left unpacked to serve as a control. Serial biopsies of the healing mucosa were performed at days 28, 56, 84, and 112 postsurgery, and the presence or absence of adhesions between the ethmoid turbinate and lateral nasal wall was noted. The biopsy specimens were assessed for reepithelialization and epithelial height using light microscopy, and for reciliation using scanning electron microscopy. Results There was no significant difference in reepithelialization or relative epithelial height between the packed sides and the control sides at any time point. There was a statistically significant difference in reciliation between the two groups at day 112 but this was not deemed clinically significant. The packing had no significant effect on adhesion formation. Conclusion In the sheep model of chronic sinusitis, a dissolvable hyaluronic acid–based pack did not have any significant effect on mucosal healing or adhesions formation after ESS, as assessed by examining reepithelialization, epithelial height, reciliation, and the presence of adhesions.

Long-term treadmill training ameliorates endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation mediated by insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 in hypertension

2015 ◽  
Vol 119 (6) ◽  
pp. 663-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Yuan Lin ◽  
Shin-Da Lee ◽  
Chia-Ting Su ◽  
Tsung-Lin Cheng ◽  
Ai-Lun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Insulin Receptor ◽  
Treadmill Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nos Inhibitors

Dysfunction of insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is associated with the pathophysiology of hypertension. The influence of long-term exercise on vascular dysfunction caused by hypertension remains unclear. We investigated whether long-term treadmill training improved insulin- and IGF-1-mediated vasorelaxation in hypertensive rats. Eight-week-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were randomly divided into sedentary and exercise (SHR-EX) groups. The SHR-EX group was trained on a treadmill for 60 min/day, 5 days/wk, for 8 wk. Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) were used as the normal control group. After training, aortic insulin- and IGF-1-mediated vasorelaxation was evaluated in organ baths. Additionally, the roles of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and aortic protein expression were examined in the three groups. Compared with sedentary SHR and WKY groups, insulin- and IGF-1-mediated vasorelaxation was significantly enhanced to a nearly normal level in the SHR-EX group. After endothelial denudation, blunted and comparable vasorelaxation was found among the three groups. Pretreatment with selective PI3K and NOS inhibitors attenuated insulin- and IGF-1-mediated vasorelaxation, and no significant difference was found among the three groups after the pretreatment. The aortic protein levels of the insulin receptor (IR), IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R), insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), and endothelial NOS (eNOS) were also significantly increased in the SHR-EX group compared with the other two groups. These results suggested that treadmill training elicited the amelioration of endothelium-dependent insulin/IGF-1-mediated vasorelaxation partly via the increased activation of PI3K and NOS, as well as the enhancement of protein levels of IR, IGF-1R, IRS-1, and eNOS, in hypertension.

scholarly journals Relationship of vitamin D3 deficiency and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal and sinus polyposis in patients referring to the Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat Diseases Department of Vali-asr Hospital in Brigand, Iran

2021 ◽  
pp. 99-104
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Vitamin D3 Deficiency ◽  
Nose And Throat

Introduction: Chronic rhinosinusitis may require referral to an ear, nose, and throat specialist for possible endoscopic sinus surgery if medical management fails. Vitamin D is one of the essential vitamins for the body that is effective in inflammatory processes. Therefore, it seems necessary to confirm the association between the deficiency of this vitamin and the occurrence of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis. This study aimed to determine the relationship of vitamin D3 deficiency and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal and sinus polyposis in patients referring to the Otorhinolaryngology Department of Valiasr Hospital, Birjand, Iran, in 2017. Methods: A case-control study was performed on individuals, including a group of patients with rhinosinusitis and a control group (n=20 each), referring to the Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat Diseases Department of Vali-asr Hospital. Among patients diagnosed with chronic rhinosinusitis, the cases that had polyps on endoscopic examination were included in the study. After completing the consent form, venous blood samples (10cc) were collected from the patients in fasting conditions. The electrochemical luminescence method was used for measuring the level of serum vitamin D. A questionnaire containing demographic information and clinical findings was completed by reviewing the patients' records. Data analysis was performed in SPSS software (Version. 22)using Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U-tests. Results: The mean and median scores of vitamin D level were obtained at14.13±12.99 and 10.25 in the case group, and 18.72±9.29 and 18.77 in the control group, respectively. The level of vitamin D was significantly higher in the control group than in the chronic group (P=0.04). In the case group, 16 (80%) patients lacked vitamin D and 3 patients had an insufficient level of vitamin D. In the control group, 13 (65%) patients lacked vitamin D and 4 cases had an insufficient level of vitamin D. There was no significant difference in vitamin D levels between the two groups (P=0.61). No significant difference was observed between the two clinical symptoms. Conclusion: It was revealed that the lack of vitamin D was likely to be an effective factor in the rhinosinusitis disease; therefore, proceedings need to be taken to cure the deficiency of this vitamin.

The effects of adenoidectomy of serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and ghrelin in hypertrophied adenoids in children with otitis media with effusion

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Beata Żelazowska-Rutkowska ◽  
Klaudia Jacewicz ◽  
Edwina Kasprzycka ◽  
Bożena Skotnicka ◽  
Bogdan Cylwik
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Significant Difference

<b>Aim:</b> The aim of the current study was to assess the serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and ghrelin in hypertrophied adenoids in children suffering with or without otitis media with effusion before and after adenoidectomy. <br><b>Material and methods:</b> Serum IGF-1 and ghrelin concentrations were measured with specific enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) methods. The study was carried out in 20 children with otitis media with effusion. The reference group comprised 24 children with hypertrophied adenoid, while control group included 19 children. <br><b>Results:</b> This mean values of IGF-1 in children with otitis media with effusion and children with hypertrophied adenoid before adenoidectomy were significantly lower than those found in healthy children. Serum levels of IGF-1 were higher after adenoidectomy. There was a significant difference of serum ghrelin levels between both examined groups and the control group. <br><b>Conclusion:</b> Our results suggest that adenoidectomy in children with hypertrophied adenoids and in children with otitis media with effusion significantly increases the level of IGF-1 in serum compared to before surgery through the effect of the GH-IGF-1 axis, which could contribute to children’s growth.

scholarly journals Effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. on insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) to prevent overtraining syndrome

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 187-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ermita I.I. Ilyas ◽  
Neng T. Kartinah ◽  
Trinovita Andraini ◽  
Roman A. Goenarjo ◽  
Donna N. Kahandjak
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Factor Binding ◽  
Overtraining Syndrome ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Igfbp 3

Background: Excessive physical exercises (overtraining) can increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). One of the indicators of overtraining syndrome is a decrease in insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3). Administration of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn., a powerful antioxidant, is expected to boost endogenous antioxidants, and thus prevents overtraining. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of H. sabdariffa on IGFBP-3 levels in rats under ”overtraining physical excersice”.Methods: This experimental study was conducted on 30 male rats (Rattus norvegicus 200-250 grams), randomly allocated into 5 groups: 1) control group (C); 2) control with H. sabdariffa (C-Hib); 3) mild aerobic exercise (A-Ex); 4) overtraining exercise (OT); 5) overtraining exercise with H. Sabdariffa (OT-Hib). H. sabdariffa (400 mg/kg/d, 11 weeks) were administered orally via syringe cannula. IGFBP-3 was measured by using ELISA (Cusa bio kit) and data were analyzed with ANOVA test.Results: Plasma level of IGFBP-3 in the C and OT groups were 17.4 ± 10 mIU/L, the lowest in OT groups (10.7 ± 9.9 mIU/L) and the OT-Hib group had the highest level (31.5 ± 6.2 mIU/L). There was significant difference of the level IGFBP-3 in OT groups with A-Ex groups (10.7 ± 9.9 vs 23.5 ± 9.7 mIU/L; p < 0,05). The significant difference was also observed in the level of IGFBP 3 between C groups and the OT-Hib groups (17.4 ± 10 vs 31.5 ± 6.2; p < 0.05).Conclusion: Administration of H. sabdariffa can prevent the decrease of IGFBP-3 levels in overtraining rats, indicating its role in preventing overtraining syndrome.

Circulating Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Levels in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1091-1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Lan Zhao ◽  
Jun Wu ◽  
Tian-Ping Zhang ◽  
Qian-Yao Cheng ◽  
Xue-Ping Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Standard Mean Difference ◽  
Significant Difference

Conclusion: Patients with RA have lower circulating IGF-1 level than healthy controls, particularly for patients from Asia and Europe. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the role of IGF-1 in the pathological process of RA. Results: A total of eleven articles with 334 cases and 261 controls were finally included. Compared with the healthy group, the RA group had lower circulating IGF-1 levels (pooled SMD= -0.936, 95% CI= -1.382 to -0.489, p<0.001). The subgroup analysis showed that RA patients from Asia (SMD= -0.645, 95% CI= -1.063 to -0.228, p= 0.002) and Europe (SMD= -1.131, 95% CI= -1.767 to -0.495, p<0.001) had lower circulating IGF-1 levels, no significant difference in plasma/serum IGF-1 levels was observed in RA patients from America. Sensitivity analysis indicated the stability and credibility of the overall effect sizes. Methods: PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library databases were searched up to December 2018 in English, and the studies comparing serum/plasma IGF-1 levels between RA group and healthy control group were what we are interested in. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. The heterogeneity test was performed by the Cochrane Q statistic and I2 –statistic. The publication bias was evaluated by the funnel plot and Egger’s test. The standard mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated by the fixed-effects or random-effects model. Background and Objectives: Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels have been investigated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), however, produced inconsistent results. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to derive a more precise conclusion about serum/plasma IGF-1 levels in RA patients.

scholarly journals Ultra-Sonographic Evaluation and Growth Factors Measurement of Using Tendon Derived Hydrogel and Hyaluronic Acid in Tendon Repair in Rams

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Flexor Tendon ◽  
Tendon Repair ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Tendon Defect ◽  
Hydrogel Matrix ◽  
Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon ◽  
Significant Difference

The present study was planned to evaluate the efficacy of tendon derived hydrogel and hyaluronic acid in repair of experimentally induced superficial digital flexor tendon defect in rams, ultrasonographically with detection of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in blood. Thirty six adult rams were divided randomly into three equal groups: First group (control group) rams were subjected to partial removal of the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT), second group (tendon derived hydrogel group): rams were subjected to the same procedure as mentioned in first group except that the tendon defect was filled with tendon derived hydrogel directly, while third group (hyaluronic acid group): same procedure as in first group but the tendon defect was filled with hyaluronic acid directly. Clinically there was no pain, no infection, no signs of rejection and all wounds had healed completely in all rams, normal body temperature, except for the swelling which appeared in the first group in one ram at 30 days post operatively and two rams in third group at 60 days post operatively, all animals were able to stand and showed normal gait. Ultrasonographic results at 120th day post operation in first group showed, hypoechoic to hyperechoic regions at the site of the defect. At the same period for the second group the sonogram showed, well-aligned echoic tendon structure, while in the third group at the same period there were hypoechoic areas at the site of the defect. The results of bFGF and VEGF detection showed significant differences between the periods in first group at P≤0.05, while in second and third groups there were significant differences at P≤0.01for bFGF. The results of detection VEGF showed, significant differences in the mean values among the periods at P≤0.01in first group, also second group there was significant differences at P≤0.01. And in third group there was a significant difference at P≤0.05. Also there were significant differences among all groups P≤0.01in at 60th day postoperatively. In conclusion the tendon derived hydrogel matrix and the hyaluronic acid have a regenerative effect in repair of tendons injuries, but the superiority is for tendon derived hydrogel matrix.

scholarly journals Intravenous Tranexamic Acid Improves the Intraoperative Visualization of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery for High-Grade Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Randomized, Controlled, Double-Blinded Prospective Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjing Yang ◽  
Haoling Gou ◽  
He Li ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Ying Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tranexamic Acid ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Endoscopic Sinus Surgery ◽  
Prospective Trial ◽  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Clinical Trial Registration ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective: Intraoperative bleeding during endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for high-grade rhinosinusitis can be serious and can further obscure the surgical field. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of tranexamic acid (TXA) on the surgical visualization of ESS for high-grade rhinosinusitis.Methods: In total, 60 patients with high-grade chronic rhinosinusitis (Lund-Mackay score 12 or greater) treated by ESS were randomized into two groups: the control group (Group C) or the TXA group (Group T). Each group included 30 patients. Patients in Group T received intravenous TXA, and those in Group C received normal saline. The Boezaart grading scale (BS) score was assessed as the primary outcome. Total blood loss (TBL), whole blood coagulation, and fibrinolysis were assessed by Sonoclot analysis, and complications were recorded and compared between the groups.Result: A significant difference was found in the BS score between Group T and Group C [2.02 (1.88–2.05) vs. 2.27 (2.13–2.41), P = 0.011]. Increases in platelet function (PF) and fibrin degradation time (FDT) were assessed during the operation and showed significant differences between Group T and Group C (P = 0.040 for PF; P = 0.010 for FDT). No difference in complications was found between the two groups.Conclusion: A 15 mg/kg bolus of intravenous TXA before surgery can improve the surgical visualization of ESS for high-grade chronic rhinosinusitis without causing significant adverse effects. Intravenous TXA may be beneficial in ESS for high-grade chronic rhinosinusitis.Clinical Trial Registration:https://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=121653&amp;htm=4.

Optimization of postoperative management of patients undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery

2018 ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Sergey Bezshapochny ◽  
Andrey Loburets ◽  
Valery Loburets
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Sodium Hyaluronate ◽  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nasal Breathing ◽  
Traditional Therapy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Water Salt ◽  
Experimental Group

Topicality: The result of surgical treatment depends largely on the chosen method of management of the postoperative period, the main purpose of which is to reduce the effects of surgical trauma. Despite the wide variety of drugs for local and systemic use, the question of pharmacotherapy of the operated sinus remains open to this day. The main properties that a modern drug should possess are safety and high clinical efficacy. Aim: to study the clinical efficacy of topical application of a complex preparation based on a saline solution containing sodium hyaluronate and dexpanthenol in patients with chronic sinusitis after functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). Materials and Methods: Clinical and laboratory studies were conducted on 47 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis who underwent surgery using the FESS technique. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the principle of the postoperative period. Patients of research group (n=21), except for traditional therapy, was used locally NASOMER (a preparation based on a water-salt solution containing sodium hyaluronate and dexpanthenol); to the control group (n=26) patients entered, in the postoperative period received traditional therapy. Traditional therapy included a toilet of the nasal cavity, the use of short-course topical decongestants, irrigation of the nasal cavity with water-salt solutions. Criteria of clinical effectiveness: data of endoscopy of the nasal cavity, rhinomanometry, activity of the mucociliary transport system. The effectiveness of functional research methods in the postoperative period was determined on the 7th and 14th day of treatment. Results: On the 3rd day of the study, an increase in the swelling of the nasal cavity was observed in patients of both clinical groups, correlated with difficulty in nasal breathing. On the 7th day, a decrease in edema was observed in patients of both groups, but in the experimental group, the index of nasal breathing, according to rhinomanometry, was significantly (p<0.05) different from the control group, and was respectively 1.54±0.14 and 2.04±0.19 kPa/l*s. On the 14th day of the study, no significant difference was observed between these indicators. When studying the activity of the ciliated epithelium of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity, it was proved that patients of the experimental group on day 7 after surgery showed a statistically significant difference in this indicator compared to the control group (17.8±1.0 and 22.7±2.1 min. respectively). Conclusions: The use of NASOMER after surgical intervention in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis contributes to more effective treatment compared with traditional therapy, as evidenced by the rapid recovery of the main functional parameters according to active posterior rhinomanometry and mucociliary clearance. Based on the results of the studies performed, the use of NASOMER for pharmacotherapy in the postoperative period is recommended for patients who have undergone rhinosurgical interventions with the aim of reducing the period of postoperative rehabilitation as an effective anti-inflammatory and wound-healing agent.

scholarly journals JAK2 Phosphorylation Signals and Their Associated Cytokines Involved in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps and Correlated with Disease Severity

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1059
Author(s):  
Yu-Tsai Lin ◽  
Wei-Chih Chen ◽  
Ming-Hsien Tsai ◽  
Jing-Ying Chen ◽  
Chih-Yen Chien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Nasal Polyps ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Janus Kinase ◽  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Jak2 Inhibitor ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Snot 22

Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) is a member of the JAK family that transduces cytokine-mediated signals via the JAKs/STATs (signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins) pathway, which plays an important role in many inflammatory diseases. This study investigates the association of p-JAK2 and JAK2-associated cytokines from nasal polyp (NP) tissue with disease severity, and evaluates the p-JAK2-mediated STATs in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with NP. Sixty-one CRSwNP patients with nasal polyps undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery were enrolled, while the turbinate tissues from 26 nasal obstruction patients were examined as the control group. Elevated levels of p-JAK2 were detected in CRSwNP, and significantly correlated with scores of disease severity (LMK-CT, TPS, and SNOT-22). Expressions of the JAK2-associated cytokines, such as IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, G-CSF, and IFN-γ were significantly higher in CRSwNP than in the controls, while the levels of IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, or G-CSF had positive correlation with scores of disease severity. Moreover, markedly increased expression of p-STAT3 in CRSwNP was observed relative to the control. Taken together, these data showed that the JAK2-associated cytokines including IL-6 and G-CSF may stimulate JAK2 phosphorylation to activate p-STAT3, indicating an association with disease severity and supporting its development of JAK2 inhibitor as a potential therapeutic agent for CRS.

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