scholarly journals Corruption in Latin America

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel R. Ramos ◽  
Marcelo Moriconi
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Political Leadership ◽  
Political Context ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Perceived Justice ◽  
Stereotype Content ◽  
Positive Direct

Latin America has experienced a series of recent corruption scandals, resulting in an unprecedented uncertainty in political leadership across the whole region. Within this context, we have conducted a survey study comprising nine countries in Latin America ( n = 1,250) examining the stereotype content of politicians. We tested a dual effects model in which the stereotypes of politicians were predicted to shape perceptions of justice directly and indirectly through the activation of affect. Our findings revealed that politicians tended to be stereotyped with negative morality traits and with a certain degree of negativity across other stereotype dimensions. Results supported a positive direct effect of morality on perceived justice and a positive indirect effect through the activation of affect. We discuss the implications of these findings for the current political context in Latin America and also for our understanding of perceptions about politicians and their relationship with leader and power legitimacy.

Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Minat Beli Produk Makanan Olahan Halal pada Konsumen

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 250
Author(s):  
Saniatun Nurhasah ◽  
Jono M Munandar ◽  
Muhammad Syamsun
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Brand Image ◽  
Perceived Value ◽  
Perceived Quality ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
Purchasing Intention ◽  
Positive Direct

<p><em>ABSTRACT</em></p><p><em>Indonesia is one of the largest Moslem population countries in the world. It leads to the increasing of halal product demand in Indonesia. The awareness to consume halal product becomes a large market potential for producers to produce their halal products. Nowadays, halal is not only purely about religion matter, but also about business and trade. The objective of this study is to investigate the factors affecting customers on purchasing halal buying interest on processed food. We use a purposive sampling method with 109 respondents who are customers of the supermarkets and minimarkets in Bogor City/District, Indonesia. While data analysis is done by SEM-PLS method, this study uses brand image, perceived quality, perceived value, halal certification, health reason, halal awareness, and halal marketing as the factors which are affecting the halal purchase intention of the customers. The result showed that health reason, halal awareness, and perceived value have a significant and positive direct effect on purchasing intention. Halal marketing also shows a significant and positive effect on purchasing intention. While halal marketing shows a negative and significant effect on purchasing intention. The food safety, halal certification, brand image, and perceived quality show the same effect which has no direct effect on purchasing intention. Furthermore, food safety has an indirect effect on purchasing intention through health reason. Halal certification has an indirect effect on minat beli through brand image variable. Meanwhile, brand image and perceived quality have an indirect effect through perceived value variable on purchasing intention.</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p><p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Indonesia adalah salah satu negara dengan populasi Muslim terbesar di dunia. Hal ini menyebabkan meningkatnya permintaan produk halal di Indonesia. Kesadaran untuk mengkonsumsi produk halal menjadi potensi pasar yang besar bagi produsen untuk memproduksi produk halal mereka. Saat ini, halal tidak hanya murni soal agama, tapi juga soal bisnis dan perdagangan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi minat pelanggan dalam membeli pada makanan olahan halal. Kami menggunakan metode voluntery sampling dengan 109 responden yang merupakan pelanggan supermarket dan minimarket di Kota/Kabupaten Bogor, Indonesia. Sedangkan analisis data dilakukan dengan metode SEM-PLS. Penelitian ini menggunakan citra merek, persepsi kualitas, persepsi nilai, sertifikasi halal, kesehatan, kesadaran halal, dan Pemasaran halal sebagai faktor yang mempengaruhi niat pembelian halal pelanggan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kesadaran halal, alasan kesehatan, dan persepsi nilai berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap niat beli. Pemasaran halal juga menunjukkan efek positif dan signifikan terhadap niat beli. Sedangkan pemasaran halal menunjukkan efek negatif dan signifikan terhadap niat beli. Keamanan pangan, sertifikasi halal, citra merek, dan kualitas yang dirasakan menunjukkan efek yang sama yang tidak berpengaruh langsung pada niat beli. Selanjutnya, keamanan pangan berpengaruh tidak langsung terhadap niat beli melalui alasan kesehatan. Sertifikasi halal memiliki efek tidak langsung terhadap niat beli melalui variabel citra merek. Sedangkan citra merek dan persepsi kualitasmemiliki pengaruh tidak langsung melalui persepsi nilai variable terhadap niat beli.</p>

scholarly journals IMPACT OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH ON THE UNEMPLOYMENT RATE AND ECONOMY OF EAST JAVA

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suyanto Suyanto ◽  
Bambang Purnomo ◽  
Rahmawati Erma StandsyahStandsyah
Keyword(s):  
Direct Effect ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Insignificant Effect ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Positive Direct

East Java statistics indicate that the total population of East Java Province is increasing every year. The increase in the population is followed by an increase in social problems, including unemployment. The unemployment rate can affect the economy of the society. Efforts must be made to reduce it by improving the quality of society through factors related to education and health. According to data from East Java in 2017, East Java's education has a significant positive direct effect on the East Java economy of 0.343%, while indirectly through unemployment has an insignificant effect increased by 0.0021%. In addition, health has no significant direct and indirect effect on the East Java economy with coefficients of 0.078% and -0.0023%, respectively.

scholarly journals Female nursing graduate students’ stress and health: the mediating effects of sense of coherence and social support

BMC Nursing ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Jin Jeong ◽  
Chin Kang Koh
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Graduate Students ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Mediating Effects ◽  
Nursing Graduate ◽  
Positive Direct ◽  
Stress And Health

Abstract Background Ninety-five percent of nursing graduate students in South Korea are women, and most are often engaged in both academic coursework and work outside of the academic environment. Nursing graduate students often experience stress leading to physical and mental health problems that negatively affect their academic performance and persistence during graduate programs. The purpose of this study was to test multiple mediation effects of sense of coherence (SOC) and social support in the relationship between stress and health status of nursing graduate students. Methods The participants of this study were 231 female nursing graduate students from 14 universities. Data were collected using an online survey conducted between August and October 2019. Bootstrap techniques using the PROCESS macro for SPSS software were applied to assess the multi-mediating effects. Results The total effect (B = − 12.29, p < .001) and direct effect (B = − 7.07, p < .001) of perceived stress on health status were significant. Perceived stress had negative direct effects on social support (B = − 0.41, p < .001) and SOC (B = − 5.77, p < .001). SOC had a positive direct effect on health status (B = 0.59, p < .001). However, social support was not a significant predictor of health status (B = 1.24, p = .232). In addition, there was a positive direct effect of social support on SOC (B = 5.23, p < .001). Furthermore, the indirect effect of perceived stress on health status through SOC was significant (B = − 3.42, 95% CI = − 5.2616, − 1.8906). There was also a significant indirect effect of perceived stress on health status through social support and SOC (B = − 1.28, 95% CI = − 2.1663, − 0.5992). Conclusion It is necessary to create strategies that enhance nursing graduate students’ SOC and social support to reduce their perceived stress and to improve their health status.

scholarly journals The Effect Of Organization Culture, Rewards, Job Satisfaction And Job Stress On Lecturer’s Performance At UIN Ar-Raniry anda Aceh

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 685-691
Author(s):  
Iis Marsithah ◽  
Benyamin ◽  
Nasrun
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Job Stress ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Performance Model ◽  
The Other ◽  
Causal Relationships ◽  
Positive Direct ◽  
Banda Aceh

The purpose of this study was to find out and examine: (1) the lecturer’s performance model built on associative causal relationships between exogenous variables and endogenous variables, (2) the effect of organizational culture to job satisfaction, (3) the effect of rewards to job satisfaction, (4) the effect of organizational culture to job stress, (5) the effect of rewards to job stress,(6) the effect of organizational culture to lecturer’s performance, (7) the effect of rewards to lecturer’s performance, (8) the effect of job satisfaction to lecturers performance, and, (9) the effect of job stress to lecturers performance. The population is all lecturer as many as 486 people. The research sample of 219 people was determined by the Slovin formula. Data collection is done by using a questionnaire with five answer choices. The sampling technique were used proportional random sampling. The instruments were used first tried out to respondent outside the sample to obtain validity and reliability instruments. Validity test uses Product Moment correlation, while to test its reliability with Alpha formula from Cronbach. Before testing the hypothesis, especially before the test is calculated, the requirements of the analysis include: normality data test and regression linearity test.The results showed (1) Obtained the lecturer’s performance model UIN Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh, (2) there is positive direct effect of organizational culture to job satisfaction 1,9%, (3) there is positive direct effect of rewards to job satisfaction 1,9%, (4) there is negative direct effect of organizational culture to job stres11,2%, (5) there is negative direct effect of rewards to job stress 2%, (6) there is positive direct effect of organizational culture to lecturer’s performance 7,9% include indirect effect through job satisfaction 0,6% and job stress 1,8%, (7) there is positive direct effect of rewards to lecturer’s performance 2,8%  include indirect effect through job satisfaction 0,4% and job stress 0,7%,(8) there is positive direct effect of job satisfaction to lecturer’s performance 1,5%, and (9) there is positive direct effect of job stress to lecturer’s performance 3%.Based on the acceptance of the research hypothesis, it is found a fixed model that describes the structure of causal relationships between organizational culture, rewards, job satisfaction, job stress and lecturer’s performance at UIN Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh. The organizational behavior has bigger influence than the other variable to lecturer’s performance. The next variable was job stress, rewards, and job satisfaction has lowest influence than the other variable to lecturer’s performance.

scholarly journals A Research on determining the factors affecting on seed yield in different lentil lines and cultivars (Lens culinaris Medik.) in adiyaman conditions by correlation and path coefficient analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Umit Girgel ◽  
Hatice Cokkizgin ◽  
Alihan Cokkizgin
Keyword(s):  
Direct Effect ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Path Coefficient Analysis ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Positive Direct ◽  
Pod Number

This research was conducted in 2015 year in Kahramanmaras province (37°32'09.5"N 36°55'01.2"E) with 3 lentil genotypes (CAGIL, FIRAT-87, and FLIP 2005-20 L).  In the research, direct and indirect effects of yield components on seed yield were examined by correlation and path coefficient analysis. The correlation coefficients between the investigated features were found to be insignificant. According to the path coefficients, the highest positive direct effect on seed yield was determined as pod number per plant (p=4.015). On the other hand, the highest negative direct effect on seed yield was obtained from plant height (p=-3.606). The indirect effect of the seed number per plant over number of days until maturity on the seed yield was determined as the highest positive indirect effect (p=55.546%). The indirect negative highest effect on seed yield was determined in the pod number per plant over thousand seed weight (p=51.488%). As a result, the number of pods per plant should be taken into consideration by the breeders due to direct effect of it was positive and high

scholarly journals When and How Does Mutation-Generated Variation Promote the Evolution of Cooperation?

Games ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Mathias Spichtig ◽  
Martijn Egas
Keyword(s):  
Direct Effect ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Evolutionary Games ◽  
Evolution Of Cooperation ◽  
Mutation Rates ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Cooperative Strategies ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Asexual Populations ◽  
Positive Direct

Mutation-generated variation in behavior is thought to promote the evolution of cooperation. Here, we study this by distinguishing two effects of mutation in evolutionary games of the finitely repeated Prisoner’s Dilemma in infinite asexual populations. First, we show how cooperation can evolve through the direct effect of mutation, i.e., the fitness impact that individuals experience from interactions with mutants before selection acts upon these mutants. Whereas this direct effect suffices to explain earlier findings, we question its generality because mutational variation usually generates the highest direct fitness impact on unconditional defectors (AllD). We identify special conditions (e.g., intermediate mutation rates) for which cooperation can be favored by an indirect effect of mutation, i.e., the fitness impact that individuals experience from interactions with descendants of mutants. Simulations confirm that AllD-dominated populations can be invaded by cooperative strategies despite the positive direct effect of mutation on AllD. Thus, here the indirect effect of mutation drives the evolution of cooperation. The higher level of cooperation, however, is not achieved by individuals triggering reciprocity (‘genuine cooperation’), but by individuals exploiting the willingness of others to cooperate (‘exploitative cooperation’). Our distinction between direct and indirect effects of mutation provides a new perspective on how mutation-generated variation alters frequency-dependent selection.

scholarly journals STRENGHTENING PERFORMANCE OF INDONESIAN NATIONAL POLICE IN SOUTH SUMATERA REGIONAL POLICE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vita Mayastinasari ◽  
Bayu Suseno
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Assessment Instruments ◽  
Police Service ◽  
Positive Performance ◽  
Positive Direct ◽  
National Police ◽  
Positive Effect

Excellent police service is very important. Community expected the excellent police service, so that the National Police needs to create positive performance. The study aims to determine whether there is a direct or indirect effect of reward and job satisfaction on performance and strengthening the performance of the National Police. The research method is a survey with path analysis. The research variables are 2 exogenous variables, reward system (X1) and job satisfaction (X2) and 1 endogenous variable, performance (X3). Sampling of 548 Polri personnel in the South Sumatra Regional Police used stratified random sampling. Based on the results of statistical calculations, there is a positive direct effect of rewards on performance with a path coefficient of 0.381 and a T-count of 10.217. Job satisfaction on performance has a positive direct effect with a path coefficient of 0.475; T-count value of 12.740. The positive direct effect of rewards on job satisfaction with a path coefficient of 0.714 and the T-count of 23.817 and the indirect effect of rewards on performance through job satisfaction has a path coefficient of 0.339; T-count value is 11,242. Strengthening the performance of the National Police is done by building a healthy job environment through the accuracy of the management of reward, based on the accuracy of performance assessment instruments, so that it has an impact on job satisfaction and has positive effect on performance.

Meteorological and Management Factors Influencing Weed Abundance during 18 Years of Organic Crop Rotations

Weed Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Teasdale ◽  
Steven B. Mirsky ◽  
Michel A. Cavigelli
Keyword(s):  
Direct Effect ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Weed Cover ◽  
Crop Performance ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Management Factors ◽  
Positive Direct

AbstractOrganic crop production is often limited by the inability to control weeds. An 18-yr data set of weed cover in organic crop rotations at the long-term Farming Systems Project at Beltsville, MD, was analyzed to identify meteorological and management factors influencing weed abundance. A path analysis using structural equation models was employed to distinguish between the direct effect of factors on weed cover and the indirect effect on weed cover through effects on crop competitiveness. Grain yield of corn (Zea maysL.) and soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] served as a surrogate for crop competitiveness and was found to be the most important factor influencing weed cover. Precipitation during late vegetative and early reproductive crop growth had a strong positive effect on crop yield, and thereby a negative indirect effect on weed cover, but this effect was partially offset by a positive direct effect on weed cover. Delayed crop planting date and crop rotational diversification including crops other than summer row crops had a moderate negative effect on weed cover, while having minimal effect on crop performance. Rotary hoeing also had a direct negative effect on weed cover, but a corresponding negative effect on crop performance resulted in a diminished total effect on weeds. Results demonstrate the complex interactions that define the relative abundance of weeds faced by organic growers, but, generally, factors that enhanced crop competitiveness provided the most effective weed management.

The Effect of Paternalism on Incivility: Exploring Incivility Climate as an Important Boundary Condition

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanna R. Daniels ◽  
Samantha L. Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Boundary Condition ◽  
Climate Policy ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Counterproductive Work Behavior ◽  
Work Behavior ◽  
Health Care Employees ◽  
Positive Direct ◽  
The Relationship

In this article, we examine the effects of paternalism on experienced incivility across two studies. Study 1 examines the paternalism—experienced incivility relationship in a sample of health care employees, and Study 2 examines a moderated–mediated relationship, with incivility climate as the moderator of the paternalism—experienced incivility relationship, and counterproductive work behavior as the outcome. Results from these studies suggest that paternalism has a significant positive direct effect on incivility, and an indirect effect on counterproductive work behavior through experienced incivility. Moreover, our results suggest that the relationship between paternalism and experienced incivility is moderated by incivility climate, such that the effect of paternalism on experienced incivility is stronger at higher levels of incivility climate tolerance and lower levels of incivility climate policy.

scholarly journals The Role of Collaboration Breadth Attributes in Research Project and Innovation: The Example of National Funded Projects in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1362
Author(s):  
Zhenhua Yang (Alamo) ◽  
Yanmei Xu
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Innovation Output ◽  
Positive Direct ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Research Resources

Collaboration is regarded as an effective approach to improve the efficiency of research resources and reduce risks in innovation activities. Collaboration breadth is an important feature of collaborative extent. Therefore, it is necessary to analyse its role between R&D subsidy and innovation and to explore its direct and indirect ties to innovation. The paper is based on government-funded research projects, and the results show that R&D subsidy and collaboration breadth of organizations have positive direct effect on innovation output. Meanwhile, R&D subsidy has positive effect to collaboration breadth. However, the linkage of collaboration breadth of researchers on innovation output is uncertainty. That is, the direct effect is positive, while the indirect effect is negative. It may suggest that collaboration breadth of researchers and innovation output may be affected by other factors, such as knowledge sharing or diffusion. Our contribution is to extend the theory of collaboration breadth and to suggest discussion of the role of knowledge in collaboration breadth.

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