scholarly journals Morphological classification of the tubercle of insertion of the transverse atlantal ligament: A computer tomography–based anatomical study of 200 subjects

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 426-430
Author(s):  
Kyle Mueller ◽  
Ashley MacConnell ◽  
Frank Berkowitz ◽  
Jean-Marc Voyadzis
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Morphological Type ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Morphological Classification ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Right ◽  
Transverse Atlantal Ligament

Background and purpose The atlantal tubercle is the attachment point of the transverse atlantal ligament, the main stabilizer of the atlantoaxial complex. No system of classification of the tubercle exists in the literature. We aimed to develop a morphologically based classification system of the atlantal tubercle to aid clinicians who deal with craniocervical pathology. Materials and methods A retrospective review of computed tomography (CT) scans of the cervical spine was performed. The morphology of the atlantal tubercle was classified into four variants: rounded (classical), pointed, flattened, and hypoplastic. Age, presence, and morphological type were recorded. Results A total of 200 CT scans were identified and reviewed. The tubercle was present bilaterally in all patients. Patients were equally distributed over various age ranges. The following morphological types were recorded: rounded (227/400; 56.8%), pointed (13/400; 3.3%), flattened (126; 31.5%), and hypoplastic (34/400; 8.5%). The same type was seen bilaterally in 68% (135/200) of patients. Morphological types appear equally on the right and left side of the atlas. Conclusions The first morphologically based classification system of the atlantal tubercle utilizing CT is presented. Morphology type, especially hypoplastic type, may confer an increased risk for subsequent need for posterior fusion.

scholarly journals Titanium Cervical Cage Subsidence: Postoperative Computed Tomography Analysis Defining Incidence and Associated Risk Factors

2021 ◽  
pp. 219256822110468
Author(s):  
Zachariah W. Pinter ◽  
Ryder Reed ◽  
Sarah E. Townsley ◽  
Anthony L Mikula ◽  
Lauren Dittman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Height Loss ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cage Subsidence ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
The Impact

Study Design Retrospective cohort study Objective Substantial variability in both the measurement and classification of subsidence limits the strength of conclusions that can be drawn from previous studies. The purpose of this study was to precisely characterize patterns of cervical cage subsidence utilizing computed tomography (CT) scans, determine risk factors for cervical cage subsidence, and investigate the impact of subsidence on pseudarthrosis rates. Methods We performed a retrospective review of patients who underwent one- to three-levels of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) utilizing titanium interbodies with anterior plating between the years 2018 and 2020. Subsidence measurements were performed by two independent reviewers on CT scans obtained 6 months postoperatively. Subsidence was then classified as mild if subsidence into the inferior and superior endplate were both ≤2 mm, moderate if the worst subsidence into the inferior or superior endplate was between 2 to 4 mm, or severe if the worst subsidence into the inferior or superior endplate was ≥4 mm. Results A total of 51 patients (100 levels) were included in this study. A total of 48 levels demonstrated mild subsidence (≤2 mm), 38 demonstrated moderate subsidence (2-4 mm), and 14 demonstrated severe subsidence (≥4 mm). Risk factors for severe subsidence included male gender, multilevel constructs, greater mean vertebral height loss, increased cage height, lower Taillard index, and lower screw tip to vertebral body height ratio. Severe subsidence was not associated with an increased rate of pseudarthrosis. Conclusion Following ACDF with titanium cervical cages, subsidence is an anticipated postoperative occurrence and is not associated with an increased risk of pseudarthrosis.

scholarly journals Cerebral Cavernous Hemangioma in a Dog

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviane Motta dos Santos Moretto ◽  
Luciana Maria Curtio Soares ◽  
Esthefanie Nunes ◽  
Uiara Hanna Araújo Barreto ◽  
Valéria Régia Franco Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Cavernous Hemangioma ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Post Contrast ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

Background: Cerebral cavernous hemangioma is a rare neoplasm of vascular origin in the brain, characterized by abnormally dilated vascular channels surrounded by endothelium without muscle or elastic fibers. Presumptive diagnosis is performed by magnetic resonance or computed tomography (CT) scanning and can be confirmed by histopathology. The prognosis of intracranial cavernous hemangioma is poor, with progression of clinical signs culminating in spontaneous death or euthanasia. The purpose of this paper is to report a case of cerebral cavernous hemangioma in a dog, presenting the clinical findings, tomographic changes, and pathological findings.Case: This case involved a 2-year-old medium sized mixed breed female dog presenting with apathy, hyporexia, ataxia, bradycardia, dyspnea, and seizure episodes for three days. Hemogram and serum biochemistry of renal and hepatic function and urinalysis did not reveal any visible changes. CT scanning was also performed. The scans revealed a hyperdense nodule of 15.9 x 14 mm, with well defined borders, and a hypodense halo without post-contrast enhancement and mass effect in the right parietal lobe was observed in both transverse and coronal sections. Based on the image presented in the CT scans, the nodule was defined as a hemorrhagic brain lesion. The animal died after a seizure. The right telencephalon was subjected to necropsy, which revealed a reddish-black wel-defined nodule 1.7 cm in diameter extending from the height of the piriform lobe to the olfactory trine at the groove level and extending towards the lateral ventricle, with slight compression and deformation of the thalamus but no other macroscopic alterations in the other organs. The histopathology indicated that this nodular area in the encephalus contained moderate, well-delimited but unencapsulated cellularity, composed of large vascular spaces paved with endothelial cells filled with erythrocytes, some containing eosinophilic fibrillar material (fibrin) and others with organized thrombus containing occasional neutrophil aggregates. The endothelial cells had cytoplasm with indistinct borders, elongated nuclei, scanty crust-like chromatin, and cellular pleomorphism ranging from discrete to moderate, without mitotic figures.Discussion: The histological findings characterized the morphological changes in the brain as cavernous hemangioma, and the growth and compression of this neoplasm were considered the cause of the clinical signs of this dog. The main complaint was seizures, although ataxia and lethargy were also noted. These clinical signs are often related to changes in the anterior brain and brainstem. The literature does not list computed tomography as a complementary diagnostic method in cases of cerebral cavernous hemangioma in dogs, but CT scanning was useful in confirming cerebral hemorrhage. The main differential diagnosis for cerebral cavernous hemangioma would be a hamartoma, but what differentiates them histologically is the presence of normal interstices between the blood vessels, since no intervening neural tissue occurs in the case of cerebral hemangioma. Therefore, even in the absence of immunohistochemistry to more confidently confirm a cavernous hemangioma, the clinical signs, CT scans and especially the pathological findings were consistent with a case of cerebral cavernous hemangioma, a benign neoplasm with a poor prognosis due to the severe neurological changes it causes and its difficult treatment.

3D morphological classification of the nasolacrimal duct: Anatomical study for planning treatment of tear drainage obstruction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohyun Lee ◽  
U‐Young Lee ◽  
Suk‐Woo Yang ◽  
Won‐Joon Lee ◽  
Dong‐Ho Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Nasolacrimal Duct ◽  
Morphological Classification ◽  
Planning Treatment

Prospective Study of the Correlation Between Postoperative Computed Tomography Scan and Primary Surgeon Assessment in Patients With Advanced Ovarian, Tubal, and Peritoneal Carcinoma Reported to Have Undergone Primary Surgical Cytoreduction to Residual Disease 1 cm or Less

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (31) ◽  
pp. 4946-4951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis S. Chi ◽  
Pedro T. Ramirez ◽  
Jerrold B. Teitcher ◽  
Svetlana Mironov ◽  
Debra M. Sarasohn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Residual Disease ◽  
Advanced Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Primary Surgery ◽  
The Right ◽  
Analysis Scale ◽  
Tomography Scan

Purpose To compare surgeons' operative assessments of residual disease (RD) to those identified on postoperative computed tomography (CT) scans in patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma reported to have undergone optimal primary cytoreduction. Patients and Methods All patients at one of two institutions, who were scheduled to have primary surgery for presumed advanced ovarian cancer, were asked to consent to a postoperative CT scan if cytoreduction to ≤ 1 cm RD was reported. CT scan findings were graded using a qualitative analysis scale from 1 (normal) to 5 (definitely malignant). Results From January 2001 to September 2006, 285 patients were enrolled. A total of 78 patients met eligibility criteria and had postoperative CT scans. In 41 cases (52%), postoperative scan findings correlated with the surgical report of no RD more than 1 cm, and in seven cases (9%), the CT findings were indeterminate. In 10 cases (13%), more than 1 cm RD was noted by the radiologist as probably malignant, and in 20 cases (26%), definitely malignant. In these 30 cases, the radiologically reported median largest residual mass was 1.9 cm (range, 1.1 to 5.1), with RD more than 1 cm reported most commonly in the right upper quadrant (15 patients [50%]) and central abdomen (nine patients [30%]). Conclusion There was only a 52% correlation between surgeons' assessments and postoperative CT scan evaluations of RD in patients reported to have undergone optimal cytoreduction. Further study is required to determine whether this lack of correlation is due to rapid interval tumor regrowth, RD underestimated by the surgeons, and/or overestimated by the radiologists; and to determine the clinical implications of these discrepancies.

scholarly journals AI-Based Image Processing for COVID-19 Detection in Chest CT Scan Images

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussein Kaheel ◽  
Ali Hussein ◽  
Ali Chehab
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Image Processing ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Training Phase ◽  
The Right ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Chest Ct Scan

The COVID-19 pandemic has attracted the attention of big data analysts and artificial intelligence engineers. The classification of computed tomography (CT) chest images into normal or infected requires intensive data collection and an innovative architecture of AI modules. In this article, we propose a platform that covers several levels of analysis and classification of normal and abnormal aspects of COVID-19 by examining CT chest scan images. Specifically, the platform first augments the dataset to be used in the training phase based on a reliable collection of images, segmenting/detecting the suspicious regions in the images, and analyzing these regions in order to output the right classification. Furthermore, we combine AI algorithms, after choosing the best fit module for our study. Finally, we show the effectiveness of this architecture when compared to other techniques in the literature. The obtained results show that the accuracy of the proposed architecture is 95%.

scholarly journals Anatomical and Radiological Study of Jugular Foramen

2019 ◽  
Vol 08 (03) ◽  
pp. 121-125
Author(s):  
Ajay Kumar ◽  
Alok Tripathi ◽  
Shobhit Raizaday ◽  
Shilpi Jain ◽  
Satyam Khare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Skull Base ◽  
Jugular Foramen ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Radiological Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Human Skulls ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background and Aim The purpose of present study was to obtain comprehensive data of morphometric and anatomical details of jugular foramen. Materials and Methods The study was performed on 30 dry adult human skulls along with computed tomography (CT) scans from 30 adult patients. The parameters observed were dimensions, shape, margins, confluence, septations, and distance from jugular foramen to mastoid base. Result In the dry skull observations, only anteroposterior diameter (APD) was significantly different between the right and left side, while for the CT scan observations both transverse diameter and APD exhibit significant difference. Conclusion We believe that data from the present study will help radiologists and neurosurgeons for diagnosis and treatment of skull base pathology around jugular foramen.

scholarly journals A comprehensive study on classification of COVID-19 on computed tomography with pretrained convolutional neural networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuan D. Pham
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Convolutional Neural Networks ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Data Augmentation ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Automated Classification ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Use Of Data

Abstract The use of imaging data has been reported to be useful for rapid diagnosis of COVID-19. Although computed tomography (CT) scans show a variety of signs caused by the viral infection, given a large amount of images, these visual features are difficult and can take a long time to be recognized by radiologists. Artificial intelligence methods for automated classification of COVID-19 on CT scans have been found to be very promising. However, current investigation of pretrained convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for COVID-19 diagnosis using CT data is limited. This study presents an investigation on 16 pretrained CNNs for classification of COVID-19 using a large public database of CT scans collected from COVID-19 patients and non-COVID-19 subjects. The results show that, using only 6 epochs for training, the CNNs achieved very high performance on the classification task. Among the 16 CNNs, DenseNet-201, which is the deepest net, is the best in terms of accuracy, balance between sensitivity and specificity, $$F_1$$ F 1 score, and area under curve. Furthermore, the implementation of transfer learning with the direct input of whole image slices and without the use of data augmentation provided better classification rates than the use of data augmentation. Such a finding alleviates the task of data augmentation and manual extraction of regions of interest on CT images, which are adopted by current implementation of deep-learning models for COVID-19 classification.

CT scan evaluation of the distance between maxillary sinus floor and maxillary teeth apices

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (41) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
Daniel Lupoi ◽  
Mihai Dragomir ◽  
Gabriela Coada ◽  
Alexandra Sanda ◽  
Vlad Budu
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Maxillary Sinusitis ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Maxillary Sinus Floor ◽  
Sinus Floor ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractBACKGROUND. The relationship between the maxillary sinus floor and the roots of the teeth in the upper arch is essential, especially in the correct diagnosis and treatment of odontogenic maxillary sinusitis. The aim of this study was to determine exactly this distance and to observe the most common teeth situated closely to the maxillary sinus.MATERIAL AND METHODS. The study was performed in 2020, in the ENT Department of “Sfanta Maria” Hospital, and was made based on computed tomography (CT) scans of the sinuses from the clinic’s archive. The image analysis was performed with a radiologic software. For each tooth, from both right and left upper hemiarcade, the distance between the dental root and the bony floor of the maxillary sinus was measured and the average distances were compared.RESULTS. Among the present teeth analysed, those with the closest distance were the 1st M (95.15% on the right side and 96.23% on the left side), then the second molars (96.08% on the right side and 90% on the left side). The 2nd and 3rd PM had a similar percentage of the sinusal approach, which varied between 82% and 86%.CONCLUSION. Knowing these dento-sinusal relationships, there is a win-win situation for both the ENT doctor and the dentist. The paraclinical examination necessary for the analysis of the dento-alveolo-sinusal relation and of the afferent pathology is the imaging one, of choice being the CT and CBCT scans.

Quantitative computed tomographic study in schizophrenia: cerebral density and ventricle measures

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Rossi ◽  
Paolo Stratta ◽  
Luigi D'Albenzio ◽  
Vittorio Di Michele ◽  
Antonio Serio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Parietal Region ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenics ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
The Right

SynopsisTwenty-seven chronic schizophrenics and nineteen controls, all male, were evaluated by computed tomography (CT) scans. Lateral, third and fourth ventricles and cerebral density numbers were measured. In the schizophrenic patients there was a significant increase in third ventricle width. Ventricular Brain Ratio (VBR) and there were significantly higher densities of white matter in the right frontal and parietal region.

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