Neuroimaging cerebrovascular biomarkers in Parkinson’s disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 197140092110591
Author(s):  
Mariana Alves ◽  
Patrícia Pita Lobo ◽  
Linda Azevedo Kauppila ◽  
Leonor Rebordão ◽  
M Manuela Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Imaging Evaluation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Imaging Sequence ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
3.0 T ◽  
Neuroimaging Biomarkers

Background and Purpose The cardiovascular risk in Parkinson’s disease (PD) remains uncertain and controversial. Some studies suggest PD patients present an increased risk of cerebrovascular disease. We aimed to study the prevalence of neuroimaging cerebrovascular biomarkers in PD patients compared to controls, using an accurate and complete magnetic resonance (MR) imaging evaluation. Material and Methods Neuroimaging sub-study within a larger cross-sectional case–control study. An enriched subgroup of PD patients (≤10 years since diagnosis) with at least a moderate cardiovascular mortality risk based on a Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) was compared to community-based controls regarding neuroimaging biomarkers. Patients underwent a high-resolution T1-weighted MR imaging sequence at 3.0 T to visualize neuromelanin. A 3D SWI FFE, sagittal 3D T1-weighted, axial FLAIR and diffusion-weighted image sequences were obtained. Results The study included 47 patients, 24 with PD and 23 controls. PD patients presented a reduced area and signal intensity of the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus on neuromelanin-sensitive MR. The median SCORE was 5% in both groups. No significant differences regarding white matter hyperintensities (OR 4.84, 95% CI 0.50, 47.06), lacunes (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.07, 2.63), microbleeds (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.13, 3.26), or infarcts (0.95, 95% CI 0.12, 7.41) was found. The frequency of these neuroimaging biomarkers was very low in both groups. Conclusion The present study does not support an increased prevalence of neuroimaging cerebrovascular biomarkers in PD patients.

scholarly journals The “Gender Factor” in Wearing-Off among Patients with Parkinson’s Disease: A Post Hoc Analysis of DEEP Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delia Colombo ◽  
Giovanni Abbruzzese ◽  
Angelo Antonini ◽  
Paolo Barone ◽  
Gilberto Bellia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Motor Symptom ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Wearing Off ◽  
Gender Factor ◽  
Post Hoc

Background. The early detection of wearing-off in Parkinson disease (DEEP) observational study demonstrated that women with Parkinson’s disease (PD) carry an increased risk (80.1%) for wearing-off (WO). This post hoc analysis of DEEP study evaluates gender differences on WO and associated phenomena.Methods. Patients on dopaminergic treatment for ≥1 year were included in this multicenter observational cross-sectional study. In a single visit, WO was diagnosed based on neurologist assessment as well as the use of the 19-item wearing-off questionnaire (WOQ-19); WO was defined for scores ≥2. Post hoc analyses were conducted to investigate gender difference for demographic and clinical features with respect to WO.Results. Of 617 patients enrolled, 236 were women and 381 were men. Prevalence of WO was higher among women, according to both neurologists’ judgment (61.9% versus 53.8%,P=0.045) and the WOQ-19 analysis (72.5% versus 64.0%,P=0.034). In patients with WO (WOQ-19), women experienced ≥1 motor symptom in 72.5% versus 64.0% in men and ≥1 nonmotor symptom in 44.5% versus 36.7%, in men.Conclusions. Our results suggest WO as more common among women, for both motor and nonmotor symptoms. Prospective studies are warranted to investigate this potential gender-effect.

scholarly journals Late onset depression: dopaminergic deficit and clinical features of prodromal Parkinson’s disease: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
pp. jnnp-2020-324266
Author(s):  
Hiba Kazmi ◽  
Zuzana Walker ◽  
Jan Booij ◽  
Faraan Khan ◽  
Sachit Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Screening Questionnaire ◽  
Imaging Results ◽  
Increased Risk

BackgroundLate onset depression (LOD) may precede the diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) or dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). We aimed to determine the rate of clinical and imaging features associated with prodromal PD/DLB in patients with LOD.MethodsIn a cross-sectional design, 36 patients with first onset of a depressive disorder (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV criteria) diagnosed after the age of 55 (LOD group) and 30 healthy controls (HC) underwent a detailed clinical assessment. In addition, 28/36 patients with LOD and 20/30 HC underwent a head MRI and 29/36 and 25/30, respectively, had dopamine transporter imaging by 123I-ioflupane single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging. Image analysis of both scans was performed by a rater blind to the participant group. Results of clinical assessments and imaging results were compared between the two groups.ResultsPatients with LOD (n=36) had significantly worse scores than HC (n=30) on the PD screening questionnaire (mean (SD) 1.8 (1.9) vs 0.8 (1.2); p=0.01), Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale total (mean (SD) 19.2 (12.7) vs 6.1 (5.7); p<0.001), REM-sleep behaviour disorder screening questionnaire (mean (SD) 4.3 (3.2) vs 2.1 (2.1); p=0.001), Lille Apathy Rating Scale (mean (SD) −23.3 (9.6) vs −27.0 (4.7); p=0.04) and the Scales for Outcomes in PD-Autonomic (mean (SD) 14.9 (8.7) vs 7.7 (4.9); p<0.001). Twenty-four per cent of patients with LOD versus 4% HC had an abnormal 123I-ioflupane SPECT scan (p=0.04).ConclusionsLOD is associated with increased rates of motor and non-motor features of PD/DLB and of abnormal 123I-ioflupane SPECTs. These results suggest that patients with LOD should be considered at increased risk of PD/DLB.

THUR 116 Vascular prevention in patients with parkinson’s disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (10) ◽  
pp. A12.3-A12
Author(s):  
Kempe Isla ◽  
Grosset Katherine A ◽  
Grosset Donald G
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Statin Therapy ◽  
Statin Treatment ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
Vascular Events ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cognitive Problems

BackgroundVascular prevention is appropriate for patients with a vascular history (secondary prevention) and increased risk (primary prevention). Cerebrovascular disease adds to gait and cognitive problems in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD).MethodsA convenience cross-sectional sample of consecutive PD patients attending the Neurology Movement Disorder clinic was assessed, and QRISK3 scored when appropriate (cases without vascular events, age <85 years).ResultsOf 100 cases, mean age 66.5 (SD 9.0) years, 52.0% male, with PD duration 8.3 (SD 5.5) years, 15 had a vascular history meriting statin therapy, of whom 12 (80.0%) were prescribed statins. 22 had a high vascular risk (QRISK3 >20%), mean QRISK3 28.6 (SD 7.7) of whom 2 (9.1%) were prescribed statins. We are now actively assessing QRISK3 and recommending statin therapy where appropriate.ConclusionsSecondary vascular prevention with statins is more commonly implemented than primary prevention, in patients with PD. In patients without a vascular diagnosis, vascular risk should be assessed and statin therapy offered where appropriate, noting that around one-fifth of patients have a high vascular risk and are not on statin treatment.

Prevalence of Parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease in Qena governorate/Egypt: a cross-sectional community-based survey

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 607-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman M. Khedr ◽  
Gharib Fawi ◽  
Mohammed Abd Allah Abbas ◽  
Talal A. Mohammed ◽  
Noha Abo El-Fetoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Study of Set Shifting Impairments and Falling in Individuals with and without Parkinson’s Disease

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lucas McKay ◽  
Kimberly C. Lang ◽  
Lena H. Ting ◽  
Madeleine E. Hackney
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Freezing Of Gait ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Set Shifting ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractINTRODUCTION. Individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) are at increased risk for falls, and exhibit deficits in executive function, including Set Shifting, which can be measured as the difference between parts B and A of the Trailmaking Test. METHODS. We conducted a cross-sectional study using baseline data of PD patients with and without freezing of gait (FOG) (n=69) and community-dwelling neurologically-normal older adults (NON-PD) (n=84) who had volunteered to participate in clinical rehabilitation research. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine associations between Set Shifting, PD, and faller status, as determined by ≥1 self-reported falls in the previous 6 months, after adjusting for demographic and cognitive factors and clinical disease characteristics. RESULTS. Impaired Set Shifting was associated with previous falls after controlling for age, sex, overall cognitive function, PD, FOG, and PD disease duration (OR=1.29 [1.03-1.60]; P=0.02). In models controlling for age, sex, and overall cognitive function, PD was associated with increased fall prevalence among the study sample (OR=4.15 [95% CI 1.65-10.44], P<0.01) and FOG was associated with increased fall prevalence among the PD sample (OR=3.63 [1.22-10.80], P=0.02). Although the strongest associations between Set Shifting and falling were observed among PD without FOG (OR=2.11) compared to HOA (OR=1.14) and PD with FOG (OR=1.46) in a multivariate model that allowed for interaction between set shifting and PD status, there was insufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis of no interaction. CONCLUSIONS. Set Shifting is associated with previous falls in non-demented older adults with and without PD.HighlightsIndividuals with PD are at increased risk for falls, although causes are unclear.Impaired Set Shifting was associated with falls in older adults with and without PD.Associations were strongest among those with PD but without freezing of gait.

scholarly journals DOPA-sparing strategy in the treatment of young onset Parkinson’s disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (01) ◽  
pp. 67-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Qayyum Rana ◽  
Mohamad Saleh ◽  
Muhammad Saad Yousuf ◽  
Wasim Mansoor ◽  
Syed Hussaini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Movement Disorder ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Young Onset

ABSTRACT Context: Late onset Parkinson’s disease (LOPD) is a neurodegenerative disorder afflicting individuals of ages 60 and older. However, 5–10% of cases can begin earlier between the ages 20 to 40, and are classified as young onset Parkinson disease (YOPD). Aim: In turn, this study aims to observe the trend in the choice of drug administered to patients with both YOPD and LOPD, with particular emphasis on this trend in its relation to the practice background of the neurologist. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a community based Parkinson’s disease and movement disorder clinic. Statistical Analysis Used: Using a retrospective chart review data was obtained and analysed. Results: The results showed that 83% of general neurologists prescribed levodopa to their patients with YOPD, whereas movement-disorder specialists took a different approach altogether. They opted not to use levodopa and, in its stead, prescribed a mixture of alternate drugs.

scholarly journals Assessment of Parkinson’s Disease symptoms and toxin exposures in firefighters: a cross-sectional survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roshni Kotwani ◽  
Andrea N. Clapp ◽  
Haley E. Huggins ◽  
Oceanis Vaou ◽  
Anna DePold Hohler
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Behavior Disorder ◽  
Muscle Stiffness ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Toxin Exposure

Abstract BACKGROUND: Parkinson’s disease (PD) has been correlated with several environmental and toxic exposures. The frequency of PD in firefighters is higher than the general population, which may be due to the high amounts of toxin exposures firefighters experience on the job. There is a need to further address the high rates of PD among this subgroup. The purpose of this study is to improve our understanding of the relationship between toxin exposure in firefighters and Parkinson’s Disease symptoms. METHODS: An anonymous survey distributed to Massachusetts firefighters assessed risk factors for toxin exposure and presence of PD symptoms. Risk factors included frequency and duration of time spent firefighting, number of fires worked, and history of toxin exposure (i.e., pesticides). We collected the frequency of PD symptoms including tremors, muscle stiffness, REM behavior disorder, hyposmia, micrographia, and decreased walking pace. Analyses comparing toxin exposure and presence of PD symptoms were performed using Chi-square testing, p < 0.05 was considered significant.RESULTS: Two hundred participants were included in the study. The number of years as a firefighter, the number of days per week working, and the number of fires worked correlated with higher reports of hyposmia, micrographia, and decreased walking pace.CONCLUSION: Firefighters have an increased risk for PD symptoms as a result of the toxin exposures that are frequently present in fires.

scholarly journals Interaction Between Genetic Variants and Serum Levels of Organochlorine Pesticides Contributes to Parkinson’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaoqing Xu ◽  
Xiaodong Yang ◽  
Yiwei Qian ◽  
Dayong Wan ◽  
Fenghua Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Organochlorine Pesticides ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Hamilton Depression Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background: There is evidence that genetic and environmental factors contribute to the onset and progression of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Pesticides are a class of environmental toxins that are linked to increased risk of PD. However, few studies have investigated the interaction between specific pesticides and genetic variants related to PD in the Chinese population.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 19 serum levels of pesticides were measured. In addition, we also analyzed the interaction between specific pesticides and candidate genetic variants for PD. Finally, we investigated the mechanistic basis for the association between pesticides and increased risk of PD.Results: Serum levels of organochlorine pesticides including α-hexachlorocyclohexane (α-HCH), β-HCH, γ-HCH, δ-HCH, propanil, heptachlor, dieldrin, hexachlorobenzene, p,p’-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p’-DDE) and o,p’-dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (o,p’-DDT) were higher in PD patients than in controls. α-HCH and propanil levels were associated with increased PD risk. Serum levels of dieldrin were associated with Hamilton Depression Scale and Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores in PD patients. The interaction between rs11931074 in α-synuclein (SNCA) and α-HCH or β-HCH, respectively, as well as rs16940758 in the microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) gene and δ-HCH were related to increased risk of PD. In addition, α-HCH and propanil enhanced the production of reactive oxygen species and decreased of mitochondrial membrane potential. Propanil but not α-HCH induced the aggregation of α-synuclein.Conclusions: Elevated serum levels of α-HCH and propanil are associated with increased risk of PD. Serum levels of dieldrin were associated with depression and cognitive function in PD patients. The interaction between genetic variants and pesticides also increased the risk of PD. Effects of genetic variants and pesticides on the risk of PD should be studied in more detail with a larger sample size to further understand the mechanisms involved.

scholarly journals Premature cognitive decline in specific domains found in young veterans with mTBI coincide with elder normative scores and advanced-age subjects with early-stage Parkinson’s disease

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0258851
Author(s):  
Vicki A. Nejtek ◽  
Rachael N. James ◽  
Michael F. Salvatore ◽  
Helene M. Alphonso ◽  
Gary W. Boehm
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cognitive Tests ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Increased Risk

Importance Epidemiologists report a 56% increased risk of veterans with (+) mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) developing Parkinson’s disease (PD) within 12-years post-injury. The most relevant contributors to this high risk of PD in veterans (+) mTBI is unknown. As cognitive problems often precede PD diagnosis, identifying specific domains most involved with mTBI-related PD onset is critical. Objectives To discern which cognitive domains underlie the mTBI-PD risk relationship proposed in epidemiology studies. Design and setting This exploratory match-controlled, cross-sectional study was conducted in a medical school laboratory from 2017–2020. Participants Age- and IQ-matched veterans with (+) and without mTBI, non-veteran healthy controls, and IQ-matched non-demented early-stage PD were compared. Chronic neurological, unremitted/debilitating diseases, disorders, dementia, and substance use among others were excluded. Exposure Veterans were or were not exposed to non-penetrating combat-related mTBI occurring within the past 7-years. No other groups had recent military service or mTBI. Main outcomes / measures Cognitive flexibility, attention, memory, visuospatial ability, and verbal fluency were examined with well-known standardized neuropsychological assessments. Results Out of 200 volunteers, 114 provided evaluable data. Groups significantly differed on cognitive tests [F (21,299) = 3.09, p<0.0001]. Post hoc tests showed veterans (+) mTBI performed significantly worse than matched-control groups on four out of eight cognitive tests (range: p = .009 to .049), and more often than not performed comparably to early-stage PD (range: p = .749 to .140). Conclusions and relevance We found subtle, premature cognitive decline occurring in very specific cognitive domains in veterans (+) mTBI that would typically be overlooked in a clinic setting, This result potentially puts them at-risk for continual cognitive decline that may portend to the eventual onset of PD or some other neurodegenerative disease.

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