scholarly journals Safety and efficacy of a single total dose infusion (1020 mg) of ferumoxytol

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 204062072110060
Author(s):  
Harris Khan ◽  
Paige May ◽  
Elim Kuo ◽  
Preetika Pai ◽  
Katherine Boles ◽  
...  

Purpose: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most common type of anemia. A single dose infusion of intravenous (IV) iron is a convenient treatment option. Ferumoxytol is an IV formulation of iron that is typically given in two doses of 510 mg each. Utilizing a single dose of 1020 mg over 15 min has previously been described as safe and effective. In July 2018, we began to administer a single 1020 mg dose of ferumoxytol to patients needing IV iron replacement at the North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System. To evaluate the impact of this change, a utilization review was conducted. Methods: Outcomes of all patients who received ferumoxytol injections in the 6 months prior to and after the dosing strategy change were analyzed. A total of 140 patients, who received 270 separate IV ferumoxytol infusions, were included in the analysis. Results: No significant difference in safety was observed, with one infusion reaction occurring in each group ( p = 1.00). Efficacy also appeared equivalent with no significant difference between the change in hemoglobin for those who received a single 1020 mg dose versus those who received two 510 mg doses ( p = 0.764). As expected, those who received a single total dose infusion of 1020 mg had less clinic utilization ( p < 0.0001). Conclusion: In summary, ferumoxytol administered as a 1020 mg single dose infusion was more convenient and should be considered a safe and effective treatment option for IDA.

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (21) ◽  
pp. 5151-5151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Meyers ◽  
Erik Erdal ◽  
Christpoher Khan ◽  
Amy McKee ◽  
Betsy Lahue

Abstract Abstract 5151 Patients with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) may require intravenous (IV) iron supplementation in an outpatient hematology setting. Such infusions require multiple visits and several hours of patient time. Ferumoxytol (Feraheme®) Injection is a novel IV iron approved for IDA in patients with reduced kidney function (CKD stages 1–5). Ferumoxytol requires fewer visits and fewer hours per treatment than other IV iron treatments. For instance, iron sucrose is generally given to nondialysis CKD patients in 200 mg doses given in five separate 1 hour infusions while ferumoxytol may be given in 510 mg doses given as a rapid injection in 2 visits. The objective of this analysis was to understand the impact of increased ferumoxytol utilization on patient, staff and financial efficiency metrics for an outpatient infusion clinic. Data on IV iron and other procedure mix, payer mix, length of clinic visit, medication and administration costs, and treatment revenue were collected from hospital financial data, staff interviews and pharmacy records for the 10-chair outpatient infusion clinic of a 325-bed academically-affiliated, non-profit hospital from January 1, 2008 through June 30, 2010. Cost of medication and administration used in each procedure came from the hospital's cost accounting system, revenue was captured as the amounts reimbursed by payers and margin was calculated as the difference between costs and revenue. Cost, revenue, margin and chair time required per IV iron treatment were analyzed for each year and estimated for 2011 utilization. Per hour efficiency metrics were calculated as the total revenue divided by total hours for each procedure. Revenue and margin per hour for the clinic's other administered therapies were also analyzed and modeled to quantify the projected financial impact of allocating freed IV iron chair time to these therapies. The clinic estimates that 80% of patients receiving IV iron treatment have reduced kidney function. Ferumoxytol treatment became available in 2009 and its share of the clinic's administered IV iron increased from 0% in 2008, to 25% in 2009, and to 42% in 2010. From 2008 to 2010, the clinic's use of iron sucrose dropped from 12% to 4%, sodium ferric gluconate decreased from 65% to 5% and iron dextran increased from 23% to 49%. The clinic forecasts that ferumoxytol will represent 60% (in 75% of ferumoxytol-eligible patients) of all IV iron administered in 2011. Because ferumoxytol requires 30 minutes per visit vs. 1.5 to 4.5 hours for other IV iron treatments, the average number of patient hours required to infuse a gram of IV iron in the clinic dropped 80% from 9.6 hours in 2008 to 1.9 hours in 2010. Furthermore, our study estimates that the clinic saved 282 hours of chair time in 2009 and the first half of 2010, and will save an additional 23 hours in 2011 by further increasing ferumoxytol utilization. Staff interviews suggested that ferumoxytol IV iron procedures were associated with improved clinic efficiencies such as reduced pharmacy preparation time (10-15 minutes less time) and improved availability of high demand equipment such as IV smart pumps. While total IV iron medication cost increased from 2008 to 2010, decreased chair time resulted in increased revenue per hour for IV iron medication (542%) and IV iron administration (153%). IV iron medication and administration margins per hour also increased (370% and 571%, respectively), moving the clinic's overall IV iron treatment margin per hour in line with their higher margin therapeutics, such as chemotherapy agents, erythropoietin, and monoclonal antibodies. By 2011, the clinic will have increased IV iron medication and administration revenue per hour by 858% and 195%, respectively over 2008 figures, and margins per hour by 588% and 753%, respectively, over 2008 figures. Given the clinic's average revenue and margin per hour for the current mix of other (non-IV iron) infusion therapies, reallocation of freed chair hours to other infusion therapies represents an additional clinic revenue and margin opportunity of $191,669 and $18,670, respectively. In conclusion, increasing use of ferumoxytol in an outpatient infusion clinic was associated with patient, staff and clinic efficiencies including fewer IV iron patient visits, decreased IV iron procedure time, the opportunity for increased clinic throughput and a substantial increase in overall IV iron revenue and margin per hour. Disclosures: Meyers: AMAG Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Honoraria. Erdal:Boston Strategic Partners: Consultancy. Khan:Boston Strategic Partners: Consultancy. McKee:AMAG Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Consultancy. Lahue:AMAG Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Employment.


Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 118 (21) ◽  
pp. 3184-3184
Author(s):  
Ellen S. Plummer ◽  
Shelley E. Crary ◽  
George R. Buchanan

Abstract 3184 Background: While iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is among the most common hematologic disorders during childhood, management strategies for patients poorly responsive to oral iron therapy have not been well studied. Children treated for IDA often have a poor response to oral iron due to noncompliance, intolerance of side effects, malabsorption, ongoing blood loss, or a combination of these factors. Alternative treatment approaches are therefore needed. Intravenous (IV) iron, including low molecular weight iron dextran (LMWID), offers the possibility of correcting the anemia and repleting iron stores using a single dose, potentially decreasing the overall burden of treatment. Use of LMWID in children has been limited due to concerns about anaphylaxis associated with high molecular weight iron dextran preparations, even though in adults the risk of anaphylaxis is decreased when alternative IV iron preparations, including LMWID, are employed. In this study we report our initial experience with LMWID in children with IDA. Methods: We performed a retrospective record review of patients receiving IV LMWID for IDA in the Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders at Children's Medical Center Dallas between December 1, 2010 and July 31, 2011. Records were reviewed for age, indication for LMWID, concurrent medical problems, use of premedication, initial and follow-up hemoglobin values, adverse events (AEs), and prior or subsequent receipt of other IV iron preparations. The primary study aim was to characterize the clinical course of patients receiving LMWID to inform a planned prospective cohort study of IV iron in children with IDA poorly responsive to oral iron therapy. Results: A total of 18 patients, age 11 months (mos) to 18 years (yrs), received IV LMWID during the study period. 11 of them (median age 13 yrs) received LMWID for IDA secondary to external blood loss due to menorrhagia (n=3), gastrointestinal disease (n=3), hemophilia (n=2), Von Willebrand disease (n=2), and immune thrombocytopenia (n=1). Five (median age 2 yrs) had IDA due to nutritional deficiency, and two patients had multiple causes for their IDA. 14 patients (77.8%) received their initial LMWID infusion without AEs, and all demonstrated an increase in hemoglobin (mean 3 g/dL) 4 to 7 weeks following infusion. Premedication with diphenhydramine, acetaminophen, hydrocortisone, or a combination of these was given to 6 of the 14 patients (42.8%) at the discretion of the treating physician based on history of atopy. The average dose of LMWID was 600 mg (20.2mg/kg) with a range of 150 mg to 1 gram (6.9 mg/kg to 30.9 mg/kg). 3 of these 14 patients (21.4%) required a subsequent infusion to achieve and maintain a normal hemoglobin due to ongoing blood loss. 6 patients (33.3%) had transient AEs during LMWID infusion including hives (n=3), tachycardia (n=2), chest tightness (n=1), fever (n=2), nausea (n=1), vomiting (n=1), sweating (n=2), and cough (n=1). 2 of them were able to complete the infusion without further sequelae after receiving diphenhydramine or hydrocortisone. Only one of the patients with AEs had received premedication, although on review 3 of the 6 patients with AEs had a concurrent medical problem affecting immune function including asthma and orthotopic liver transplant. No patient required hospital admission or treatment of the AE beyond the day of their clinic visit. 4 of the 6 patients with AEs related to LMWID subsequently received IV iron sucrose infusions without any complications. Conclusions: Among 18 children with IDA receiving LMWID planned as a single dose infusion, treatment was well tolerated and effective in 14 of them and associated with only transient AEs in 6. The latter patients were able to either receive the remainder of the LMWID infusion or an alternative iron preparation without complication. Some patients with ongoing blood loss needed additional infusions, although the majority of children were treated effectively with a single dose. These encouraging results support the need for further study of LMWID in children with IDA unresponsive to oral iron therapy or even as an initial treatment alternative to the oral route. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (21) ◽  
pp. 5167-5167
Author(s):  
Sara Hiller ◽  
Jeffrey Gilreath ◽  
David Stenehjem ◽  
Daniel S. Sageser ◽  
George M Rodgers

Abstract Abstract 5167 Objective Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is common in cancer patients. The Hemoglobin (Hb) response rate in cancer patients with IDA who receive an erythropoiesis stimulating agent (ESA) ranges from 25 – 65% and is increased to 68 – 93% when intravenous (IV) iron is added to the ESA. Interestingly, there have been no studies to date that have evaluated Hb response to IV iron monotherapy for the treatment of IDA in cancer patients. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) recommends treating absolute IDA (AIDA, serum ferritin < 30 ng/mL and TSAT < 15%) with iron monotherapy, preferably IV. However, the NCCN recommends that functional IDA (FIDA, serum ferritin ≤ 800 ng/mL and TSAT < 20%) be treated with both IV iron plus an ESA. Unfortunately, ESAs carry black box warnings for increased mortality, cancer progression, and venous thromboembolism. Therefore, it is important to explore other ways to more safely treat IDA in cancer patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the Hb response rate to IV iron monotherapy in cancer patients with AIDA and FIDA. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed at the Huntsman Cancer Institute between January 2006 and June 2011 in cancer patients with AIDA or FIDA who were treated with low molecular weight iron dextran (LMWID) monotherapy. Patients were excluded if they had a ferritin > 800 ng/mL or TSAT ≥ 20%, received an ESA within 6 weeks prior to or within 4 weeks after the LMWID infusion, or received a packed red blood cell transfusion prior to the LMWID infusion without a documented post- transfusion, pre-LMWID infusion Hb. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with a Hb response defined as an increase of at least 1 g/dL within 6 weeks post IV iron infusion. The secondary outcome was the Hb response within 6 weeks stratified by dose of IV iron. Results Two hundred patients received LMWID at our institution within the specified time period. However, 182 patients were excluded because they did not have active cancer, did not have a definitive diagnosis of AIDA or FIDA, or received concomitant therapy with an ESA. Eighteen patients with either a hematologic or solid malignancy were included. Thirteen patients had AIDA and 5 patients had FIDA. Eight of the 13 (62%) patients in the AIDA group had a Hb response. The median Hb increase in the AIDA group was 1. 3 g/dL (p < 0. 0001). A Hb response was observed in 4 of the 5 (80%) patients in the FIDA group. The median Hb increase in the FIDA group was 1. 8 g/dL (p = 0. 0224). Of the 8 patients with AIDA achieving a response, 4 received less than and 4 received more than the calculated total IV iron dose (equation per package insert). Of the 4 patients achieving a Hb response in the FIDA group, 3 received less than and 1 received equal to the calculated total dose. The overall Hb response rate to IV iron monotherapy for both groups was roughly 67% which is greater than the Hb response rate reported with ESAs alone. See Table 1 for individual patient details. Conclusion Although our study has limited patient numbers, this is the first data suggesting that IV iron without an ESA may be an effective treatment for both AIDA and FIDA in anemic patients with a variety of malignancies. IV iron monotherapy may eliminate the need for an ESA. This hypothesis should be tested in larger studies. Disclosures: Off Label Use: The total dose infusion of low molecular weight iron dextran is not an FDA approved dosing regimen. However, it is commonly used in practice and has been used in other studies. Rodgers:American Regent: Consultancy.


Blood ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 3538-3538
Author(s):  
Paige May ◽  
Preetika Pai ◽  
Katherine Boles ◽  
Ashley McGee ◽  
Jess David Delaune ◽  
...  

Background Ferumoxytol (Feraheme) is an intravenous (IV) formulation of iron that can be infused quickly, making it a convenient choice. It is typically given in two doses of 510 mg. Auerbach and colleagues previously described utilizing a single dose of 1020 mg over 15 minutes safely and effectively (Am J Hematol 2013). A total dose infusion of 1020 mg has been described by experts in the field as the "maximum safe dose" (Auerbach and Adamson, Am J Hematol 2016). There exists very little published literature about the safety and efficacy of this off-label dosing, however it is an attractive administration schedule due to convenience of the one-time dose. In July 2018, we began to administer a single 1020 mg dose of feumoxytol to patients diagnosed with iron deficiency at the North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System (NF/SG VHS). The purpose of this review is to evaluate the impact of the use of the 1020 mg ferumoxytol dose to ensure safe, effective and efficient utilization in the management of iron deficiency anemia. Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted on patients who received ferumoxytol from February 1st, 2018 to January 31st, 2019 to capture approximately 6 months of data prior to and after the dosing strategy change. Patients were excluded from review if they had received IV iron within 3 months prior to the study period. Parameters collected included pre and post hemoglobin, iron saturation and ferritin concentrations, dose of iron given, frequency and number of infusions, post infusion monitoring time and hypersensitivity reactions. Our primary outcome was assessing safety, particularly the rate of infusion reactions for the entire cohort of patients. Secondary outcomes included efficacy and clinic utilization. Number of clinic visits, baseline and change in hemoglobin, ferritin and iron saturation following 1 dose of 1020 mg or 2 doses of 510 mg were compared using paired t tests. Rate of infusion reactions was compared between all patients who received either dose using Fisher's exact test. Results A total of 212 patients were screened and 140 included in analysis. 270 total doses of iron were given during the study period. Fifty nine patients (42%) received only 510 mg doses, 60 (43%) received only 1020mg doses and were included in the efficacy analysis. An additional 21 patients (15%) received both 510 mg and 1020 mg doses and were included in the analysis of reaction rate. Baseline characteristics were similar between the groups (see Table 1). Response to iron infusions were not significantly different between the dosing strategies. Mean change in hemoglobin was 1.96 g/dL for 510 mg group and 2.00 g/dL for the 1020 mg group (p=0.726). Mean change in ferritin was 114 ng/ml and 120 ng/ml, respectively(p=0.8203). Likewise, mean change in iron saturation was 13.6% and 14.3% (p=0.7808). The rate of infusion reactions was not increased with the higher dose (see Table 2), with only 1 reaction occurring in each group (0.57 % and 1.04 %, p=1.00). Both infusion reactions were able to be treated on an outpatient basis and the patients were discharged from the infusion clinic on the same day. Utilizing the 1020 mg dose significantly reduced the number of infusion room visits required, with an average of 2 visits for 510 mg patients and 1 visit for 1020 mg patients (p&lt;0.0001). Conclusion Implementation of a total dose infusion of 1020 mg of ferumoxytol reduced the number of infusion room visits without increasing infusion reactions or compromising efficacy. This strategy could be considered at other institutions to improve infusion room access, patient convenience, and reduce costs. OffLabel Disclosure: Off label discussion concerns use of a one time dose of 1020mg of ferumoxytol as opposed to the labeled dose of 510 mg followed by a second dose 3 to 8 days later.


Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 3753-3753
Author(s):  
Eran Israeli ◽  
Drorit Merkel ◽  
Naama Constantini ◽  
Ran Yanovich ◽  
Rachel K. Evans ◽  
...  

Abstract The impact of iron deficiency is considerable when enhanced physical fitness is required. Female military recruits represent a unique population faced with intense physical and cognitive demands. Purpose: To examine the prevalence of iron deficiency and the impact of dietary habits among female recruits in the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). Methods: 348 recruits completed the study (188 female combatants, 58 male combatants, 92 non-combat females). Dietary intake was assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Blood samples were collected for CBC, iron indices and vitamin B12. The common definitions for anemia and iron store deficiency were used as follows: Hemoglobin (Hgb) < 12gr/dl for females and <14gr/dl for males; Serum ferritin < 12 mg/dl. Results: The prevalence of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia was 29.8% and 12.8%, respectively, among female combatants. Similar data were found among non-combat females (27.2% and 17.4% respectively) as compared to 5.2% and 0%, among males. No significant difference in iron or total calorie intake was detected between subjects with iron deficiency (with or without anemia) when compared to subjects with normal iron status in the same study group. Plant sources constituted 85% of dietary iron source for females, in comparison to 73% for males. Conclusions: A high prevalence of iron deficiency was found among female recruits. Coupled with the iron loss during menstruation, inadequate iron intake may have a permissive role for iron deficiency in female recruits, and is an important issue facing females in the military.


Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 118 (21) ◽  
pp. 1042-1042
Author(s):  
Michael Auerbach ◽  
Stella Rineer ◽  
Huzefa Bahrain ◽  
Sarah A Auerbach

Abstract Abstract 1042 Title: The safety and efficacy of total dose infusion of 1020 mg of ferumoxytol administered in 15 minutes Background: For the past two years, it has been our standard to treat iron deficiency anemia (IDA) with intravenous iron (low molecular weight iron dextran) administered as a total dose infusion (TDI) of 1 g over one hour. We recently published our experience with 1266 such infusions administered to 888 patients, in whom no serious adverse events (SAEs) were reported (AJH, in press by ). In June 2009, ferumoxytol (FER) was approved for the treatment of IDA in adults with chronic kidney disease, administered as 2 × 510 mg boluses in less than 1 minute, separated by 3 to 8 days, for a total dose of 1020 mg. After administering >300 510 mg doses per label, we sought to explore the potential convenience for clinics and patients of delivering the full dose at a single administration. Methods: This was a single-arm, open-label, single-center clinical trial conducted under an investigator IND with IRB approval. A total of 30 patients with IDA (Hgb <11g/dL, ferritin <100 ng/mL, TSAT <19%) and a history of intolerance of or inadequate response to oral iron received 1020mg (34ml) of FER diluted in 100 mL normal saline via infusion pump in 15 minutes. Patients with anemia due to another cause, active use of epoetin, parenteral iron therapy in the prior 30 days or known sensitivity to FER were excluded. Vital signs were measured for one hour post-dose, and phone calls were made at 1, 2, and 7 days post-dose to assess AEs; efficacy assessments (Hgb, TSAT, ferritin, RDW) occurred at 4 and 8 weeks post-dose. The primary endpoint was the safety and tolerability, while secondary efficacy endpoints included mean change in Hgb and TSAT from baseline to week 4. Results: At the time of submission, the trial remains ongoing and has enrolled 24 of 30 IDA patients. Of these, 9 patients have completed the Week 4 assessments. These preliminary results are presented below; complete results from all 30 patients will be available by the time of presentation. For the 24 enrolled patients, the mean age was 51 years (range 24–80 years). Eighty-three percent (83%) were female, while 79% were white and 21% black. The most common associated diagnoses were gastric bypass and menorrhagia (both 33%). There were no SAEs. One patient discontinued due to flushing, which resolved in 2 minutes without treatment. Minor AEs were experienced by 12 of 24 patients (50%), with the most common being headache (17%), arthralgia/myalgia/cramps (17%), and mild nausea (13%). All of these AEs were self-limited and resolved without therapy. Consistent with previously published data, 4 of the 12 subjects who experienced AEs had a known medication allergy. The mean Hgb (N=24) prior to treatment was 9.3 g/dL, while the mean Hgb at week 4 (N=8) was 11.4 g/dL. Of the 8 evaluable patients at week 4, the mean change from baseline was 2.0 g/dL; 7 of 8 patients (87%) had a >1 g rise in Hgb from baseline to week 4. All 8 patients with week 4 data had elevated RDWs, reflective of an ongoing hematopoietic response. Conclusions: FER administered as a TDI of 1020 mg TDI in 15 minutes was well tolerated and effective in patients with IDA with a variety of underlying conditions. If confirmed through randomized controlled studies, TDI administration of intravenous iron provides a more convenient method for the treatment of IDA for both physicians and patients. Disclosures: Off Label Use: Total dose iron replace with 1020 mg of ferumoxytol in 15 minutes (under auspices of FDA IND 112001).


2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e23153-e23153
Author(s):  
Burak Yasin Aktas ◽  
Vildan Eda Kayku ◽  
Alma Aslan ◽  
Neyran Kertmen ◽  
Omer Dizdar ◽  
...  

e23153 Background: Most cancer patients are faced with anemia during the disease course. Iron deficiency (ID) is one of the major causes of anemia in cancer patients.Bleeding, malabsorption and organ dysfunction may cause iron deficiency in cancer patients. Anemia may result in a decrease in the patient's performance and delayed chemotherapy. Administration of intravenous (IV) iron is a therapeutic option in cancer patients with iron-deficiency related anemia. In this study we analyzed effectiveness and tolerability of ferric carboxymaltose in cancer patients with iron deficiency anemia Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of 603 cancer patients who were treated with ferric carboxymaltose for anemia and iron-deficiency between October 2014 and April 2017 in a tertiary cancer clinic. Demographic data, cancer diagnoses, pre- and post-treatment hemoglobin levels, pre-treatment ferritin, serum iron, and transferrin saturation (TSA) levels were recorded. Results: The median age of the population was 55 (22-90) years, and 52% were male. Of 603 patients, 47.9% (n = 289) had gastrointestinal malignancies and 17% (n = 103) had breast cancer. A total of 331 patients (55%) received cytotoxic chemotherapy and 272 patients (45%) were not on anti-cancer treatment. Median dose of the ferric carboxymaltose is 1000 mg (500-2000). The median baseline hemoglobin, ferritin and TSA were 10.7 (7-13) g/dl, 28 (2.9-2200) ng/ml and 9.3 (1-19) %, respectively. The median hemoglobin level at the 12th week of treatment was 12.7 g/dl. The median increase in hemoglobin was 2.9 (-0.10-6.9) g/dl in patients whom received cytotoxic chemotherapy. Only 2 patients had allergic reaction during IV ferric carboxymaltose administration and treatment was discontinued. Conclusions: Intravenous-iron improved hemoglobin levels both in actively treated and not-actively treated cancer patients. The effect has been shown in the first 3 months after injection. This approach is safe and tolerable. However, the impact of tumor progression on IV iron replacement is unclear, further studies are required.


CJEM ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (S1) ◽  
pp. S108
Author(s):  
Z. Siddiqi ◽  
E. Lang ◽  
D. Grigat ◽  
S. Vatanpour

Introduction: Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) is a common presentation to the emergency department (ED) and is often treated with red blood cell transfusions. Choosing Wisely and the American Association of Blood Banks released guidelines in 2016 outlining under what circumstances transfusions should be given for patients with IDA. Few well-powered studies have looked at the impact of these guidelines on transfusions in EDs. The goal of this study was to examine the number of RBC transfusions that were given in EDs in Calgary, Alberta from 2014-2018 and what proportion of these were potentially avoidable (PA). Methods: We analyzed 8651 IDA patient encounters from 2014–2018 at four centers in the Calgary Zone. A transfusion was considered PA if the patient's hemoglobin (hgb) was ≥70 g/L AND if the patient was hemodynamically stable. We performed descriptive statistics to assess the number of transfusions and the number of avoidable transfusions. We used chi-squared tests to determine if there were significant differences between site, time-period, hemoglobin level. Results: In total, 990 (11.4%) of the encounters received transfusions; 711 (71.8%) were indicated while 279 (28.1%) were PA. Out of the transfusions that were indicated, 230 (32.3%) were given to patients with a hgb &lt;70 g/L and 481 (67.7%) were given to patients with a hgb &gt;70 g/L but who were hemodynamically unstable. Out of the transfusions that were PA, the highest number were given to those in the 71-80 g/L hgb group (142) and the lowest number were given to those in the 110-130 g/L hgb group (9), a difference that was statistically significant (p &lt; 0.001). The PA transfusion rates from 2014 to 2018 were 30.8%, 25.6%, 34.5%, 23.6%, 20.7% respectively, which was a statistically significant difference (p = 0.004). Conclusion: Our data suggest that the number of PA transfusions at the hospitals in the Calgary zone is comparable to the rates reported in the existing literature. In addition, the rate of PA transfusions has decreased since the release of the guidelines. A limitation of the present study was that it did not look at the number of units of red blood cells transfused and since many patients receive more than one unit, it is possible that the number of PA transfusions was underestimated. Nevertheless, we intend to use our results to create a safer and more cost-effective approach to managing IDA.


Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne M McDermott ◽  
Nadejda Kim ◽  
Maria Mor ◽  
MICHAEL J FINE ◽  
Utibe Essien

Background: Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is the most common heart rhythm disorder in the US and is treated with anticoagulation to mediate patients’ increased risk of ischemic stroke and death. Direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are associated with better patient outcomes than warfarin, but prior studies show disparities in DOAC prescription. AF patients with low socioeconomic status (SES) have an increased risk of AF incidence, adverse outcomes, and mortality. Despite SES disparities in AF outcomes and prescribed medications, the impact of neighborhood SES (ADI) on AF management is unclear. We hypothesized that in comparison to patients with high ADI (e.g. the most disadvantaged), those with low ADI will be more likely to initiate any oral anticoagulants (OACs) and will be more likely to initiate DOACs. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study using national data from the Veterans Health Administration (VA) of newly diagnosed AF patients. Our independent variable was ADI, a marker of SES incorporating income, education, employment etc. Our model assessed numerous baseline patient, provider, and system-level covariates. We grouped patients into ADI quintiles, with Q1 being the lowest ADI (e.g., the least disadvantaged) and Q5 being the highest ADI, and used Q5 as a reference value. We used mixed effects logistic regression models, with site as a random effect, to determine the adjusted odds of initiating any OACs and of initiating DOACs by ADI quintile. Results: In our final cohort including 111,666 patients, 10,9386 (98.0%) were male and 2280 (2.0%) were female. The overall mean age at diagnosis was 72.86 (SD 10.4). Patients had the following medical comorbidities: Congestive heart failure: 18212, (16.3%); Hypertension: 84944, (76.1%); Diabetes: 70673, (63.3%); Vascular Disease: 46599, (41.7%). The ADI quintiles included the following patients: Q1: 21570, (20.3%); Q2: 21032, (19.8%); Q3: 21439, (20.2%); Q4: 20974, (19.8%); Q5: 21215, (20.0%). There was no significant difference in the odds of initiating any OAC between ADI quintiles compared to Q5 (Q1: adjusted odds ratio [95% CI], 0.95 [ 0.9, 1.01]; p=0.11). Among patients initiating DOAC, there was a significant association between low ADI and higher odds of initiating DOAC (Q1: 1.39 [1.29, 1.50]); (Q2: 1.18 [1.10, 1.27]); (Q3: 1.13 [1.06, 1.20]); (Q4: 1.09 [1.02, 1.16]). Each ADI quintile had a significantly higher odds of initiating DOACs compared to the highest ADI quintile. Conclusions: Patients with lower ADI are significantly more likely to be prescribed DOACs compared to patients with the highest levels of ADI. We found no significant difference in initiation of any OAC between ADI quintiles, which may result from high Warfarin utilization in the VA compared to the general population. Our data suggests that differences in neighborhood deprivation contribute to disparities in the prescribing DOACs in the VA.


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