scholarly journals Auditory Rate Perception Displays a Positive Serial Dependence

i-Perception ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 204166952098231
Author(s):  
Aysha Motala ◽  
Huihui Zhang ◽  
David Alais
Keyword(s):  
Central Tendency ◽  
Serial Dependence ◽  
Positive Dependence ◽  
Reproduction Task ◽  
Perceptual Effect ◽  
Current Trial ◽  
If Current ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Auditory Rate

We investigated perceived timing in auditory rate perception using a reproduction task. The study aimed to test (a) whether central tendency occurs in rate perception, as shown for interval timing, and (b) whether rate is perceived independently on each trial or shows a serial dependence, as shown for other perceptual attributes. Participants were well able to indicate perceived rate as reproduced and presented rates were linearly related with a slope that approached unity, although tapping significantly overestimated presented rates. While the slopes approached unity, they were significantly less than 1, indicating a central tendency in which reproduced rates tended towards the mean of the presented range. We tested for serial dependency by seeing if current trial rate reproductions depended on the preceding rate. In two conditions, a positive dependence was observed. A third condition in which participants withheld responses on every second trial produced a negative dependency. These results suggest separate components of serial dependence linked to stimulus and response: Withholding responses reveals a negative perceptual effect, whereas making responses adds a stronger positive effect that is postperceptual and makes the combined effect positive. Together, these data show that auditory rate perception exhibits both central tendency and serial dependence effects.

62 Feeding Chicory-plantain Silage and Se-yeast to Lactating Ewes Subjected to Intramammary Infection: Effect on the Immune System

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 32-33
Author(s):  
Hunter Ford ◽  
Massimo Bionaz ◽  
Serkan Ates ◽  
Joe Klopfenstein ◽  
Jorge Vanegas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Mean Cell Volume ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Intramammary Infection ◽  
Alfalfa Meal ◽  
The Mean ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract The objective was to test the effect on the immune status by feeding a combination of chicory-plantain and Se-yeast in lactating ewes subjected to intramammary infection (IMI) with 2×107CFU of Strep uberis in both glands. For the purpose we enrolled 28 Polypay lactating sheep from a prior study where they were randomly allocated to receive chicory (CS) or grass (GC) silage and either 3.6 mg of Se/day as Se-yeast (DiaMune, Diamond V) (Y) or isoenergetic-isonitrogenous alfalfa meal (C) for 2 months. For the present study, ewes were kept on the original dietary regiment except the CT group received a chicory-plantain silage(50% each). Blood was collected prior to and for 10 days after IMI for a complete blood count(VetScan HM5), leukocytes migration, and rectal temperature (RT). Data were analyzed using GLIMMIX (SAS)with time, silage type, and Se and their interactions as the fixed effects and ewe as random effect with significance declared at P ≤ 0.05. RT was lower in chicory vs. grass before IMI and Se limited the RT increase after IMI. Total WBC levels tended (P = 0.06) to increase in animals fed with Se after IMI, which was driven by a larger number of lymphocytes. Hematocrit, red blood cells, and hemoglobin were strongly decreased by IMI. The mean cell volume was overall larger in ewes fed with chicory-plantain silage while mean cell hemoglobin was larger in animal fed with grass silage. The platelet distribution width was affected by silage*Se interaction due to a positive effect by Se in grass-fed but negative in chicory-plantain-fed ewes. Migration of neutrophils was larger in animals fed with chicory-plantain before IMI but similar between groups after IMI. Overall, these findings indicate that Se supplementation can increase lymphocytes with no effect on neutrophils while activity of neutrophils is positively affected by feeding chicory-plantain silage.

Results and Complications after Implantation of a Black Iris-Lens Diaphragm in Patients with Traumatically Induced Aphakia and Aniridia

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 754-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasileios Petousis ◽  
Lothar Krause ◽  
Gregor Willerding ◽  
Michael H. Foerster ◽  
Nikolaos E. Bechrakis
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Chamber ◽  
Surgical Repair ◽  
Silicone Oil ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Corrected Visual Acuity ◽  
Time Out ◽  
Anatomic Results ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Positive Effect

Purpose. The black iris-lens diaphragm (ILD) can be used in the treatment of traumatic aniridia and aphakia. The aim of our study was to show postoperative functional and anatomic results and complications in a small case series. Methods. We retrospectively analyzed the files of 16 patients managed with a black ILD or a sole iris diaphragm in the period 1994–2007. Four of them were female and 12 were male. The mean age of the group was 50±17 years. At the time of the implantation, all of the eyes had already undergone primary surgical repair. Results. The preoperative best-corrected visual acuity in half of the patients was ≥0.1 and remained stable after the first postoperative year. During the follow-up years, one eye developed a subluxation of the implant and one eye an anterior chamber hemorrhage. At the same time, out of 8 eyes carrying a silicone tamponade in the vitreous cavity, silicone oil entered the anterior chamber in 3 cases. In one case, enucleation was undertaken due to phthisis. Conclusions. In the case of severely traumatized eyes with aniridia and aphakia, the implantation of a black ILD can have a positive effect on functional and anatomic stabilization.

scholarly journals Congenital malformations in neonates: analysis of morbidity and associated factors

10.3823/2465 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosana Alves de Melo ◽  
Flávia Emília Cavalcante Valença Fernandes ◽  
Ana Kariny Costa Araújo ◽  
Nadja Maria dos Santos ◽  
Maria Elda Alves de Lacerda Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Neonatal Morbidity ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Central Tendency ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Upper Level ◽  
The City ◽  
Prenatal Visits

Objective: To evaluate the neonatal morbidity due to congenital malformations in the city of Petrolina-PE, from 2008 to 2013. Methods: A descriptive study with data from the Information System on Live Births (Sinasc). The analyzes were carried out through frequency distribution and measures of central tendency and dispersion. The associations were tested by the Pearson and Kruskal Wallis chi-square tests. Significance was set at 5% and 95% confidence. Results: 436 cases of congenital malformations were recorded in the study period, with 2011 being the highest occurrence year. The mothers of the newborns were young (25.2 years old), single, upper level of education and household. In general multiparous, with single gestation, vaginal delivery and performed up to six prenatal visits. The newborns were males, at 39 weeks or more of gestation and with normal weight (> = 2500g). The malformations of the musculoskeletal system were the most frequent followed by the genitourinary system. Congenital malformations were especially associated with neonatal characteristics such as gender and weight. In all causes the mean weight was greater than 2500g (p <0.05). The causes of malformation of greater occurrence in both sexes were osteomuscular (p <0.05). The aspects of the mother did not present significant differences in the present study (p> 0.05). Conclusion: The present study evidenced relevant aspects in the occurrence of morbidities due to congenital malformations, directing to a greater attention the occurrence of these diseases especially in relation to the newborn.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF TEAM PRODUCT TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ CREATIVITY IN WRITING AT SMPN 1 JONGGAT

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Zukhairatunniswah Prayati
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Product Method ◽  
8Th Grade ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Inferential Analysis ◽  
And Control ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Experimental Group

This study investigated the effect of team product to improve students’ creativity in writing at the 8th-grade students of SMPN 1 Jonggat, Central Lombok in the academic year 2018/2019. The research was designed as quasi experiment research. The students were divided into the experimental group and control group. The experimental group was treated using the team product method while the control group was subjected to a conventional method. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential analysis. The data in this research was taken from the mean scores of students’ achievement and the score percentages. The subject of this research was the 8th-grade students of SMPN 1 Jonggat, which consisted of 54 students. The instruments of this research were tests and questionnaires. The mean score of students’ creativity in the experimental group was 75 and the writing skill was 76. It was higher than the students in the control group. It can be concluded that the team product had a positive effect on students’ writing skills in relation to creativity at SMPN 1 Jonggat.

scholarly journals Analysis of L-carnitine effectiveness in complex treat-ment of pregnant women with placental insufficiency

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 15-23
Author(s):  
G. H. Mamedli ◽  
G. I. Babaeva ◽  
M. E. Azizova ◽  
U. M. Sirajli ◽  
G. G. Hajizade
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Fetal Development ◽  
Placental Insufficiency ◽  
Complex Treatment ◽  
Fetal Blood ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Treat Ment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Basic Treatment

Objective. To increase the effectiveness of treatment of placental insufficiency in pregnant women with the inclusion of L-carnitine (Inestom) in complex therapy. Materials and methods. A total of 76 pregnant women aged 18 to 39 years were examined at 2240 weeks of gestation. All the examined patients were divided into two groups. Patients of the first group (n = 37) received only basic treatment, which included the use of a complex of vasodilators, tocolytics, drugs that improve microcirculation and rheological properties of blood. Patients of the second group (n = 39) received L-carnitine along with basic therapy (Inestom, Help SA Pharmaceuticals, Greece). Results. The use of the drug Inestom as a part of the complex treatment of placental insufficiency led to the normalization of utero-placental-fetal blood flow and intrauterine fetal development in 94.7 % of pregnant women. After the course of drug therapy, there was an increase in the total score of cardiotography, which in the first group of patients was 7.08 0.06 before treatment and 7.13 0.11 after treatment (p 0.05), and in the second group 7.12 0.11 before treatment and 7.95 0.05 after (p 0.05). The results of antenatal dopplerometry showed that in pregnant women who received Inestom as a part of the complex treatment, there was a decrease in the mean values of all vascular resistance indices. Conclusions. The use of Inestom in the complex treatment of placental insufficiency has a positive effect on the state of hemodynamics in the "mother-placenta-fetus" system, and affects the intrauterine state of the fetus.

scholarly journals Land snails as experimental animals: a study of the variability and distribution of individual weights in Helix aspersa snails born from the same clutch

1990 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sanz Sampelayo ◽  
J. Fonolla ◽  
F. Gil Extremera
Keyword(s):  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Helix Aspersa ◽  
Land Snails ◽  
Central Tendency ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
The Mean

A study was carried out to examine the distribution of individual weights in Helix aspersa snails, the aims being to establish the best estimate of the ponderal growth and also to obtain a model growth curve. Four groups of 20 snails from the same clutch were analysed and kept under experimental conditions from birth up to 6 months. The variability of their individual weights within groups was studied by calculating the coefficients of variation every 15 days. At the same time, the assumed normal distribution of those weights was being tested. The coefficients of variation increased with age and the assumed normal distribution of individual weights had to be rejected. By means of a log transformation of the original data, a model growth curve was constructed, and was used to assess the possibility of estimating age from weight. We finally reached the conclusion that median weight, rather than the mean, would be a better measure of central tendency to use until it is possible to obtain selected populations. The difficulty of estimating age from weight is emphasized.

15. Quantitative Analysis: Description and Inference

2020 ◽  
pp. 393-421
Author(s):  
Sandra Halperin ◽  
Oliver Heath
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Central Tendency ◽  
Margin Of Error ◽  
Univariate Statistics ◽  
The Mean

This chapter deals with quantitative analysis, and especially description and inference. It introduces the reader to the principles of quantitative research and offers a step-by-step guide on how to use and interpret a range of commonly used techniques. The first part of the chapter considers the building blocks of quantitative analysis, with particular emphasis on different ways of summarizing data, both graphically and with tables, and ways of describing the distribution of one variable using univariate statistics. Two important measures are discussed: the mean and the standard deviation. After elaborating on descriptive statistics, the chapter explores inferential statistics and explains how to make generalizations. It also presents the concept of confidence intervals, more commonly known as the margin of error, and measures of central tendency.

The effect of weight at mating and of nutrition during mid-pregnancy on the birth weight of lambs from primiparous ewes

1981 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 723-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. F. Russel ◽  
Janet Z. Foot ◽  
I. R. White ◽  
G. J. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Nutritional Treatment ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pelleted Diet ◽  
Positive Effect

SUMMARYForty-eight approximately 18-month-old Scottish Blackface ewes were used to study the effects of two levels of nutrition during mid-pregnancy (30–98 days of gestation) on the birth weight of lambs from ewes varying in weight, size and condition at first mating. The mean live weight (42–4 kg), size index (31–9) and condition score (2–4) at mating of the 26 ewes from flock A were all less than those of the 22 ewes from flock B (54–5, 39–4 and 2–9 respectively). Mean intakes of the low and high nutritional treatment ewes during mid-pregnancy were 10–6 and 22–0 g/kg/day respectively of a pelleted diet supplying 8–81 MJ metabolizable energy and 125–5 g crude protein/kg. These intakes produced estimated changes in net maternal weight of approximately – 5 and 0 kg respectively.Mean lamb birth weights from ewes on the low and high nutritional treatments were:flock A, 3–32 and 3–83 kg; flock B, 4–96 and 4–23 kg respectively. Analyses showed intake during mid-pregnancy to have a positive effect on lamb birth weight in the flock A ewes, and a negative effect in flock B ewes. Mating weight accounted for 78% of the variance in birth weight in the low nutritional treatment ewes but had little effect in those on the higher level of feeding.The practical implications of the results are discussed in relation to levels of juvenile nutrition.

scholarly journals Technical note: A nonparametric outlier rejection scheme

1992 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. O. Odonde
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Central Tendency ◽  
Frequency Filtering ◽  
Outlier Rejection ◽  
Absolute Deviation ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Mean

Experimental data always contains measurement errors (or noise, in signal processing). This paper is concerned with the removal of outliers from a data set consisting of only a handful of points. The data set has a unimodal probability distribution function, the mode is thus a reliable estimate of the central tendency. The approach is nonparametric; for the data set (xi, yi) only the ordinates (yi) are used. The abscissa (xi) are reparametrized to the variable i = 1, N.The data is bounded using a calculated mode and a new measure: the mean absolute deviation from the mode. This does not seem to have been reported before. The mean is removed and low frequency filtering is performed in the frequency domain, after which the mean is reintroduced.

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