Cardiorespiratory fitness and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in older adults with multiple sclerosis

Background Cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak) may be a modifiable indicator of health status and well-being in older adults with multiple sclerosis. Purpose We examined differences in VO2peak and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity between older adults with multiple sclerosis and healthy controls, and whether moderate-to-vigorous physical activity accounted for group differences in VO2peak. Methods Older adults with multiple sclerosis ( n = 31) and healthy controls ( n = 29) completed a cardiopulmonary exercise test and wore an accelerometer for measuring moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. The data were analyzed using the Baron and Kenny approach for examining moderate-to-vigorous physical activity as a mediator of group differences in VO2peak. Results The multiple sclerosis group had significantly lower VO2peak and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity than healthy controls. VO2peak had a large correlation with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity ( r = .59). Group initially explained 8% of the variance in VO2peak ( β = −0.29). The inclusion of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity accounted for an additional 27% of the variance in VO2peak, but only moderate-to-vigorous physical activity ( β = 0.57) was a statistically significant correlate of VO2peak. The effect of Group was attenuated and non-significant with the addition of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in Step 2 (Group β Step 1 = −0.29, Group β Step 2 = −0.05). Conclusions Our results provide initial support for targeting moderate-to-vigorous physical activity as an approach for improving VO2peak in older adults with multiple sclerosis.

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Cardiorespiratory fitness and free-living physical activity are not associated with cognition in persons with progressive multiple sclerosis: Baseline analyses from the CogEx study

Multiple Sclerosis Journal ◽

10.1177/13524585211048397 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 135245852110483

Author(s):

Brian M Sandroff ◽

Robert W Motl ◽

Maria Pia Amato ◽

Giampaolo Brichetto ◽

Jeremy Chataway ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Verbal Learning ◽

Progressive Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Aerobic Exercise Training ◽

California Verbal Learning Test ◽

Z Scores ◽

Learning Test

Background: Aerobic exercise training (physical activity for improving cardiorespiratory fitness) represents a promising approach for managing cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, there is limited evidence that levels of physical activity and fitness are associated with cognition in progressive MS. Objective: We examined associations among cardiorespiratory fitness, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and cognitive performance in a large, international progressive MS sample. Methods: Two hundred forty European and North American persons with progressive MS underwent cardiorespiratory fitness measurement on a recumbent stepper, wore an ActiGraph GT3X + accelerometer for 7 days for measuring MVPA, and underwent the Brief International Cognitive Assessment in MS. Results: Cardiorespiratory fitness was not significantly correlated with Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT; r = −0.01; r = −0.04), California Verbal Learning Test-II (CVLT-II; r = 0.05; r = 0.05), or Brief Visuospatial Memory Test–Revised (BVMT-R; r = −0.14; r = −0.14) z-scores controlling for age, sex, and education. MVPA and SDMT ( r = 0.05), CVLT-II ( r = −0.07), and BVMT-R ( r = 0.01) z-scores were not significantly correlated. Conclusion: Cardiorespiratory fitness and MVPA were not associated with cognition in this large progressive MS sample, yet these outcomes represent critical manipulation checks for documenting the success of the CogEx trial. This highlights the importance of examining other exercise-related mechanisms-of-action for improving cognition in progressive MS.

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Association between 6-minute walk test and moderate to vigorous physical activity level in older adults

Korean Journal of Sports Science ◽

10.35159/kjss.2017.10.26.5.911 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 26 (5) ◽

pp. 911-919

Author(s):

Soon-Chang Sung ◽

Jin-Wook Chung ◽

Seung-Sam Jung ◽

Hyun-Soo Kim

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Physical Activity Level ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Activity Level ◽

Walk Test ◽

6 Minute Walk Test ◽

Minute Walk

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Profiles of Loneliness and Social Isolation in Physically Active and Inactive Older Adults in Rural England

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18083971 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (8) ◽

pp. 3971

Author(s):

Jolanthe de Koning ◽

Suzanne H. Richards ◽

Grace E. R. Wood ◽

Afroditi Stathi

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Social Isolation ◽

Physical Environment ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Social Contact ◽

Physical Activity Behaviour ◽

Rural Setting ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Physically Active

Objective: Loneliness and social isolation are associated with higher risk of morbidity and mortality and physical inactivity in older age. This study explored the socioecological context in which both physically active and inactive older adults experience loneliness and/or social isolation in a UK rural setting. Design: A mixed-methods design employed semi structured interviews and accelerometer-measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Interviews explored the personal, social and environmental factors influencing engagement with physical activities, guided by an adapted-socioecological model of physical activity behaviour. Findings: Twenty-four older adults (MeanAge = 73 (5.8 SD); 12 women) were interviewed. Transcripts were thematically analysed and seven profiles of physical activity, social isolation and loneliness were identified. The high-MVPA group had established PA habits, reported several sources of social contact and evaluated their physical environment as activity friendly. The low MVPA group had diverse experiences of past engagement in social activities. Similar to the high MVPA, they reported a range of sources of social contact but they did not perceive the physical environment as activity friendly. Conclusions: Loneliness and/or social isolation was reported by both physically active and inactive older adults. There is wide diversity and complexity in types and intensity of PA, loneliness and social isolation profiles and personal, social and environmental contexts.

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Relationship between Sedentary Time, Physical Activity, and Health-Related Quality of Life in Spanish Children

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18052702 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 2702

Author(s):

Manuel Ávila-García ◽

María Esojo-Rivas ◽

Emilio Villa-González ◽

Pablo Tercedor ◽

Francisco Javier Huertas-Delgado

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Physical Activity ◽

Sedentary Time ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Well Being ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Health Related Quality ◽

Related Quality ◽

Health Related

Higher sedentary time and lower physical activity (PA) are associated with a poor health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in children. The aims of this study were: (1) to analyze the sedentary time, objectively measured PA levels (light, moderate, vigorous, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA)), and HRQoL dimensions (physical well-being, emotional well-being, self-esteem, family, friends, school, and total score) in children; and (2) to examine the association between sedentary time, PA levels, and HRQoL in children separately by sex. A total of 459 children (8.4 ± 0.4 years old, 50.54% males) from 15 schools in Granada (Spain) participated in the study. A tri-axial accelerometer was used to measure PA levels in the children for 7 consecutive days. The Revidierter KINDer Lebensqualitätsfragebogen (KINDL-R) questionnaire was used to determine the children’s HRQoL dimensions. The results showed that males presented more minutes engaged in MVPA than females. Both sedentary time and PA levels were associated with self-esteem and total score (all p < 0.05). In males, moderate and vigorous PA levels were associated with higher HRQoL, whereas light PA was associated with higher HRQoL in females. Future studies should take into account the use of activities with difference intensities in order to increase HRQoL in males and females.

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Association of daily composition of physical activity and sedentary behaviour with incidence of cardiovascular disease in older adults

International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity ◽

10.1186/s12966-021-01157-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Manasa S. Yerramalla ◽

Duncan E. McGregor ◽

Vincent T. van Hees ◽

Aurore Fayosse ◽

Aline Dugravot ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Sedentary Behaviour ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Movement Behaviour ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Daily Movement ◽

Intensity Physical Activity ◽

Current Duration

Abstract Background Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is proposed as key for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) prevention. At older ages, the role of sedentary behaviour (SB) and light intensity physical activity (LIPA) remains unclear. Evidence so far is based on studies examining movement behaviours as independent entities ignoring their co-dependency. This study examines the association between daily composition of objectively-assessed movement behaviours (MVPA, LIPA, SB) and incident CVD in older adults. Methods Whitehall II accelerometer sub-study participants free of CVD at baseline (N = 3319, 26.7% women, mean age = 68.9 years in 2012–2013) wore a wrist-accelerometer from which times in SB, LIPA, and MVPA during waking period were extracted over 7 days. Compositional Cox regression was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) for incident CVD for daily compositions of movement behaviours characterized by 10 (20 or 30) minutes greater duration in one movement behaviour accompanied by decrease in another behaviour, while keeping the third behaviour constant, compared to reference composition. Analyses were adjusted for sociodemographic, lifestyle, cardiometabolic risk factors and multimorbidity index. Results Of the 3319 participants, 299 had an incident CVD over a mean (SD) follow-up of 6.2 (1.3) years. Compared to daily movement behaviour composition with MVPA at recommended 21 min per day (150 min/week), composition with additional 10 min of MVPA and 10 min less SB was associated with smaller risk reduction – 8% (HR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.87–0.99) – than the 14% increase in risk associated with a composition of similarly reduced time in MVPA and more time in SB (HR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.02–1.27). For a given MVPA duration, the CVD risk did not differ as a function of LIPA and SB durations. Conclusions Among older adults, an increase in MVPA duration at the expense of time in either SB or LIPA was found associated with lower incidence of CVD. This study lends support to public health guidelines encouraging increase in MVPA or at least maintain MVPA at current duration.

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Mii-vitaliSe: a pilot randomised controlled trial of a home gaming system (Nintendo Wii) to increase activity levels, vitality and well-being in people with multiple sclerosis

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016966 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (9) ◽

pp. e016966 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Sarah Thomas ◽

Louise Fazakarley ◽

Peter W Thomas ◽

Sarah Collyer ◽

Sarah Brenton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Well Being ◽

Recruitment Rate ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Nintendo Wii ◽

Serious Adverse Events ◽

Randomised Controlled

ObjectivesWhile the health and well-being benefits of physical activity are recognised, people with multiple sclerosis (MS) often face greater barriers than the general population. The Nintendo Wii potentially offers a fun, convenient way of overcoming some of these. The aim was to test the feasibility of conducting a definitive trial of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of Mii-vitaliSe; a home-based, physiotherapist-supported Nintendo Wii intervention.DesignA single-centre wait-list randomised controlled study.SettingMS service in secondary care.ParticipantsAmbulatory, relatively inactive people with clinically confirmed MS.InterventionThirty participants were randomised to receive Mii-vitaliSe either immediately (for 12 months) or after a 6-month wait (for 6 months). Mii-vitaliSe consisted of two supervised Nintendo Wii familiarisation sessions in the hospital followed by home use (Wii Sports, Sports Resort and Fit Plus software) with physiotherapist support and personalised resources.OutcomesIncluded self-reported physical activity levels, quality of life, mood, self-efficacy, fatigue and assessments of balance, gait, mobility and hand dexterity at baseline, 6 and 12 months. Interviews (n=25) explored participants’ experiences and, at study end, the two Mii-vitaliSe facilitators’ experiences of intervention delivery (main qualitative findings reported separately).ResultsMean (SD) age was 49.3 (8.7) years, 90% female, with 47% diagnosed with MS <6 years ago and 60% new to active gaming. The recruitment rate was 31% (95% CI 20% to 44%). Outcome data were available for 29 (97%) at 6 months and 28 (93%) at 12 months. No serious adverse events were reported during the study. Qualitative data indicated that Mii-vitaliSe was well-received. Mean Wii use across both groups over the initial 6-month intervention period was twice a week for 27 min/day. Mean cost of delivering Mii-vitaliSe was £684 per person.DiscussionMii-vitaliSe appears acceptable and a future trial feasible and warranted. These findings will inform its design.Trial registrationISRCTN49286846

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Physical Activity Level Following Resistance Training in Community-Dwelling Older Adults Receiving Home Care: Results from a Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18136682 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (13) ◽

pp. 6682

Author(s):

Hilde Bremseth Bårdstu ◽

Vidar Andersen ◽

Marius Steiro Fimland ◽

Lene Aasdahl ◽

Hilde Lohne-Seiler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Home Care ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Activity Level ◽

Group Differences ◽

Control Group ◽

Cluster Randomized ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults

Older adults’ physical activity (PA) is low. We examined whether eight months of resistance training increased PA level in community-dwelling older adults receiving home care. A two-armed cluster-randomized trial using parallel groups was conducted. The included participants were >70 years and received home care. The resistance training group performed resistance training using body weight, elastic bands, and water canes twice per week for eight months. The control group was informed about the national PA guidelines and received motivational talks. The ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer was used to estimate PA. Outcomes included total PA (counts per minute), sedentary behavior (min/day), light PA (min/day), moderate-to-vigorous PA (min/day), and steps (mean/day). Between-group differences were analyzed using multilevel linear mixed models. Twelve clusters were randomized to either resistance training (7 clusters, 60 participants) or the control group (5 clusters, 44 participants). A total of 101 participants (median age 86.0 (interquartile range 80–90) years) had valid accelerometer data and were included in the analysis. There were no statistically significant between-group differences for any of the PA outcomes after four or eight months. This study offers no evidence of increased PA level following resistance training in older adults with home care.

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The Relations Between Physical Activity Level, Executive Function, and White Matter Microstructure in Older Adults

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.2021-0012 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Marissa A. Gogniat ◽

Catherine M. Mewborn ◽

Talia L. Robinson ◽

Kharine R. Jean ◽

L. Stephen Miller

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Executive Function ◽

White Matter ◽

Diffusion Tensor ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Neuropsychological Testing ◽

Activity Level ◽

Average Intensity ◽

Age Related

The population of older adults is increasing, indicating a need to examine factors that may prevent or mitigate age-related cognitive decline. The current study examined whether microstructural white matter characteristics mediated the relation between physical activity and executive function in older adults without any self-reported psychiatric and neurological disorders or cognitive impairment (N = 43, mean age = 73 y). Physical activity was measured by average intensity and number of steps via accelerometry. Diffusion tensor imaging was used to examine microstructural white matter characteristics, and neuropsychological testing was used to examine executive functioning. Parallel mediation models were analyzed using microstructural white matter regions of interest as mediators of the association between physical activity and executive function. Results indicated that average steps was significantly related to executive function (β = 0.0003, t = 2.829, P = .007), while moderate to vigorous physical activity was not (β = 0.0007, t = 1.772, P = .08). White matter metrics did not mediate any associations. This suggests that microstructural white matter characteristics alone may not be the mechanism by which physical activity impacts executive function in aging.

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Effect modification of cardiorespiratory fitness, obesity, and physical activity in adults

International Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1055/a-1562-6014 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Maria do Socorro Simoes ◽

Fernando Wehrmeister ◽

Marcello Romiti ◽

Antonio de Toledo Gagliardi ◽

Rodolfo Arantes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Clinical Information ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Effect Modification ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Arterial Blood

We investigated if cardiorespiratory fitness modifies the association between obesity and the level of physical activity. In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed data from 746 adults, free of diagnosed cardiorespiratory or locomotor diseases. We analyzed sociodemographic and clinical information, cardiovascular risk factors, cardiorespiratory fitness, anthropometry, and level of physical activity (time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity). Those that spent more time in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity were younger, male, with lower body mass index, without self-reported arterial blood hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia, non-smokers, and presented with better cardiorespiratory fitness. The linear regression coefficients showed that cardiorespiratory fitness changes according to the level of physical activity and body mass index (obesity in low cardiorespiratory fitness: β 6.0, p = 0.213, 95%CI -3.5 to 15.6; in intermediate cardiorespiratory fitness: β 6.3, p = 0.114, 95%CI -1.5 to 14.2; in high cardiorespiratory fitness: β -6.3, p = 0.304, 95%CI -18.4 to 5.8). This effect modification trend was present after adjusting the model by covariates. Cardiorespiratory fitness potentially modifies the association between body mass index and the level of physical activity. It should be routinely assessed to identify persons with overweight/ obesity with low/ intermediate cardiorespiratory fitness to prescribe individualized training.

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