scholarly journals Markers of Online Privacy Marginalization: Empirical Examination of Socioeconomic Disparities in Social Media Privacy Attitudes, Literacy, and Behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 205630512091685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry Epstein ◽  
Kelly Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Digital Divide ◽  
The United States ◽  
Online Privacy ◽  
Socioeconomic Disparities ◽  
Empirical Examination ◽  
Privacy Concerns ◽  
Digital Divides ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Analyze Data

This study explores how traditional socioeconomic markers of the digital divide interact with new markers of marginalization when it comes to online privacy protecting behaviors. To do this, we analyze data from a representative sample of social media users in the United States. Using hierarchical linear regression, we explore the relationships between established components of the digital divide, antecedents of privacy concerns, privacy-protecting behaviors, and privacy literacy. Our analysis highlights privacy literacy as a potentially understudied dimension of the digital divide and unpacks how traditional markers of marginalization explain distinct dimensions of privacy-protecting behaviors. Moreover, our findings suggest that the privacy literacy divide can amplify aspects of the second- and third-level digital divides, when translated into privacy-protecting behaviors.

Prior Negative Experience, Online Privacy Concerns and Intent to Disclose Personal Information in Chinese Social Media

2015 ◽  
pp. 1053-1075
Author(s):  
Hongwei “Chris” Yang
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Online Privacy ◽  
Online Information ◽  
Sensitive Information ◽  
Negative Experience ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Chinese College Students ◽  
Privacy Concerns

A paper survey of 489 Chinese college students was conducted in spring, 2012 to test a conceptual model of online information disclosure in social media. It shows that young Chinese SNS users' prior negative experience of online disclosure significantly increased their online privacy concerns and their perceived risk. Their online privacy concerns undermined their trust of online companies, marketers and laws to protect privacy and elevated their perceived risk. Their trust strongly predicted their intent to disclose the lifestyle and sensitive information. Their online privacy concerns only inhibited them from disclosing sensitive information in social media. However, their prior negative experience did not directly predict their intent of self-disclosure on SNS. Implications for academia and industry are discussed.

scholarly journals Shameful Secrets and Self-Presentation: Negotiating Privacy Practices Among Youth and Rural Women in China

SAGE Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824402090339
Author(s):  
Yini Wang ◽  
Mark Balnaves ◽  
Judith Sandner
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Online Privacy ◽  
Central China ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Media Technologies ◽  
South Central ◽  
Human Flesh

China, like the United States, has no defined concept of privacy in its Constitution and Chinese citizens have to work out how to negotiate their presence online, just as others elsewhere do. Online privacy in China has not received strong legislative protection compared with the U.S. and European countries as privacy has never written as an individual right in China’s Constitution, nor in the Civil Law. Chinese privacy perceptions and everyday privacy practices in social media have not been fully examined. This article presents an original, ethnographic study of how 26 Chinese youth, men and women, and 25 older rural women from Changsha, south-central China are negotiating what counts as privacy online in their everyday practices. It finds out that youth group in Changsha has a stronger understanding of the technical level of deployment of the social media technologies, enacting both positive and protective self-presentation instantiated by “human flesh search,” “public online privacy,” and “improved firewall.” However, the notion of shameful secrets touches on the protection of the reputation of those concerned, and social relationships play an important role in privacy boundary negotiation, common to both groups. This demonstrates that sociocultural contexts need to be taken into consideration and should be more nuancedly examined when studying online privacy and working out privacy protection methods.

scholarly journals Racial and Ethnic Digital Divides in Posting COVID-19 Content on Social Media Among US Adults: Secondary Survey Analysis (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celeste Campos-Castillo ◽  
Linnea I. Laestadius
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Digital Divides ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Minority

BACKGROUND Public health surveillance experts are leveraging user-generated content on social media to track the spread and effects of COVID-19. However, racial and ethnic digital divides, which are disparities among people who have internet access and post on social media, can bias inferences. This bias is particularly problematic in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic because due to structural inequalities, members of racial and ethnic minority groups are disproportionately vulnerable to contracting the virus and to the deleterious economic and social effects from mitigation efforts. Further, important demographic intersections with race and ethnicity, such as gender and age, are rarely investigated in work characterizing social media users; however, they reflect additional axes of inequality shaping differential exposure to COVID-19 and its effects. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to characterize how the race and ethnicity of US adults are associated with their odds of posting COVID-19 content on social media and how gender and age modify these odds. METHODS We performed a secondary analysis of a survey conducted by the Pew Research Center from March 19 to 24, 2020, using a national probability sample (N=10,510). Respondents were recruited from an online panel, where panelists without an internet-enabled device were given one to keep at no cost. The binary dependent variable was responses to an item asking whether respondents “used social media to share or post information about the coronavirus.” We used survey-weighted logistic regressions to estimate the odds of responding in the affirmative based on the race and ethnicity of respondents (white, black, Latino, other race/ethnicity), adjusted for covariates measuring sociodemographic background and COVID-19 experiences. We examined how gender (female, male) and age (18 to 30 years, 31 to 50 years, 51 to 64 years, and 65 years and older) intersected with race and ethnicity by estimating interactions. RESULTS Respondents who identified as black (odds ratio [OR] 1.29, 95% CI 1.02-1.64; <i>P</i>=.03), Latino (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.36-2.04; <i>P</i>&lt;.001), or other races/ethnicities (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.02-1.72; <i>P</i>=.03) had higher odds than respondents who identified as white of reporting that they posted COVID-19 content on social media. Women had higher odds of posting than men regardless of race and ethnicity (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.39-1.80; <i>P</i>&lt;.001). Among men, respondents who identified as black, Latino, or members of other races/ethnicities were significantly more likely to post than respondents who identified as white. Older adults (65 years or older) had significantly lower odds (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.57-0.94; <i>P</i>=.01) of posting compared to younger adults (18-29 years), particularly among those identifying as other races/ethnicities. Latino respondents were the most likely to report posting across all age groups. CONCLUSIONS In the United States, members of racial and ethnic minority groups are most likely to contribute to COVID-19 content on social media, particularly among groups traditionally less likely to use social media (older adults and men). The next step is to ensure that data collection procedures capture this diversity by encompassing a breadth of search criteria and social media platforms.

Will Social Media and Its Consumption Converge or Diverge Global Consumer Culture?

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-87
Author(s):  
Yowei Kang ◽  
Kenneth C. C. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Consumer Culture ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Online Privacy ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Wealth Accumulation ◽  
Cultural Characteristics ◽  
Privacy Concerns ◽  
The World

Social media have been claimed to homogenize human and consumer behaviors around the world – in other words, to make people think, feel, and act alike regardless of national borders. Scholars often debate this claim from either a convergence or a divergence perspective from the marketing and consumer behavior literature. The theoretical foundation will be based on the convergence-divergence debates that postulate universal consumption patterns and values are made possible, due to the industrialization, modernization, technology, and wealth accumulation. The authors use perceptions of online privacy among users of privacy-invasive technologies as an example to discuss why people will think the same about their own privacy could be a myth for the failure to consider the unique socio-cultural characteristics of each nation. This study begins with a global consumption analysis of social media around the world. Then, they examine how privacy concerns may help account for the homogenization or heterogenization trend of global consumer culture. Discussions and implications are provided.

scholarly journals Collecting Social Media Information in a Substance Use Intervention Trial With Adolescent Girls With Lifetime Substance Use History: Observational Study

10.2196/25405 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. e25405
Author(s):  
Lili M C Ramos ◽  
Joseline Delgadillo ◽  
Sarah Vélez ◽  
Emily Dauria ◽  
Jamie Salas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Developmentally Appropriate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Intervention Trial ◽  
Privacy Concerns ◽  
The Impact

Background Adolescents with juvenile legal system contact face numerous barriers to participation in behavioral health intervention research, including housing disruption, legal privacy concerns, and systems mistrust. Technology, such as social media, may be a novel and developmentally appropriate adolescent research study engagement and retention tool. Objective We examined data on social media information collected for study retention purposes from adolescents participating in a substance use intervention trial. Methods Data were collected as part of a randomized controlled trial determining efficacy of a group-based substance use intervention for girls and young women (12-24 years) with substance use histories referred from legal and school systems in the United States. Baseline demographic and social media information was analyzed from the subset of 114 adolescent girls (mean age 15.7 years; range 13-18 years), of whom 31.6% (36/114) were legally involved, 87.7% (100/114) belonged to minoritized racial/ethnic groups, and 32.5% (37/114) received public assistance. Results Most girls (74/114, 64.9%) provided at least one social media account (Instagram, 95% [70/74]; Facebook, 27% [20/74]; and Twitter, 11% [8/74]) during study enrollment. Legally involved girls were significantly less likely to provide social media information than school-referred girls (44% [16/36] versus 74% [58/78]; χ21 [N=114]=9.68, P=.002). Conclusions Obtaining social media information for study retention purposes from adolescent girls with lifetime substance use appears possible; however, particular subgroups (ie, legally involved girls) may be less likely to provide accounts. Factors shaping legally involved girls’ willingness to provide social media information, including mistrust and privacy concerns, and the impact of researcher’s access to social media information on study retention are critical directions for future research. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02293057; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02293057

Not too deep: Privacy, resistance, and the incorporation of social media in background checks

First Monday ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Young
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
The United States ◽  
Congressional Hearings ◽  
Privacy Concerns ◽  
Background Checks ◽  
Security Clearance ◽  
The Social ◽  
Derivative Type ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Investigation Process

In May 2016, the United States Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) issued “Security Executive Agent Directive 5” (SEAD-5) (U.S. ODNI, 2016) authorizing the collection, use, and retention of social media information for the personnel security clearance process (PSCP), a process put in place to screen applicants for eligibility for national security and public trust positions. The incorporation of social media was a watershed moment for this process as social media, and even information from the entire Internet, had not been allowed into the investigation process before. The integration was not without resistance to the implementation, though, and backstage concerns about privacy emerged in Congressional hearings. What is most interesting to note, however, is that the resistance was for the most part in support of privacy for the potential employees of whom were receiving the check and the government’s obligations for the information collection; however, there was little, if any, mention of deeper, possibly problematic privacy concerns for the social media platforms and their mediated connections that co-create a second, derivative type of content beyond the access of their users. This paper examines the hearing “Incorporating social media into federal background investigations” in response to the SEAD-5 to see what the U.S. Congress did and did not discuss at the hearing and explores potential explanations for the inclusions/omissions, ultimately answering how those in charge of policies could have overlook deeper privacy complexities, and evaluating what this can mean for government, privacy, and policy researchers.

Digital Divides

Education ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maggie Hartnett
Keyword(s):  
Digital Divide ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Digital Inclusion ◽  
Wrong Side ◽  
Digital Divides ◽  
Urban Rural

The term “digital divide” emerged in the 1990s in the United States to describe observed inequalities of access, initially, to computers and later to the Internet, information, and other digital technologies. Originally defined as the gap between those who have physical access to technology and those who do not, over time a more nuanced picture of the digital divide has emerged. Other factors such as motivation to use and technology skills, intention to use, and social support available vary among populations and are collectively referred to as the second-level divide. Recently, a third-level divide related to outcomes of using the Internet has emerged. A variety of sociodemographic factors have been identified across a multitude of national and cross-national studies that determine which groups are more likely to be on the wrong side of the access, use, and outcomes divides. These sociodemographic factors include: age, income, education, employment status, and geographical location (i.e., urban/rural). Other terms such as digital inclusion/exclusion and digital capital are increasingly used to highlight how sociodemographic factors related to digitally disadvantaged groups tend to reflect existing societal inequities. Over the two decades in which research about the digital divide has been undertaken, studies have shown that the divide is narrowing in terms of access but deepening, when considering use and outcomes of use, in countries where availability of digital technologies is near ubiquitous. Research in the last decade or so has identified various user groups whose characteristics sit on a spectrum from non-use to expert use. Digital divide theories are also emerging and large datasets across multiple countries are now being used to test such theories. It is also evident from recent research that the digital divide is not a static entity but is changing as a result of increasing use of digital devices, complexities of use, and socio-contextual factors. Research focused on initiatives that attempt to address digital divide issues demonstrates that there is no “one size fits all” solution and governments, in particular, play a central role in ensuring that technology infrastructure investment and development occurs to ensure the benefits of technological use are spread throughout society.

scholarly journals Collecting Social Media Information in a Substance Use Intervention Trial With Adolescent Girls With Lifetime Substance Use History: Observational Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili M C Ramos ◽  
Joseline Delgadillo ◽  
Sarah Vélez ◽  
Emily Dauria ◽  
Jamie Salas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Developmentally Appropriate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Intervention Trial ◽  
Privacy Concerns ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND Adolescents with juvenile legal system contact face numerous barriers to participation in behavioral health intervention research, including housing disruption, legal privacy concerns, and systems mistrust. Technology, such as social media, may be a novel and developmentally appropriate adolescent research study engagement and retention tool. OBJECTIVE We examined data on social media information collected for study retention purposes from adolescents participating in a substance use intervention trial. METHODS Data were collected as part of a randomized controlled trial determining efficacy of a group-based substance use intervention for girls and young women (12-24 years) with substance use histories referred from legal and school systems in the United States. Baseline demographic and social media information was analyzed from the subset of 114 adolescent girls (mean age 15.7 years; range 13-18 years), of whom 31.6% (36/114) were legally involved, 87.7% (100/114) belonged to minoritized racial/ethnic groups, and 32.5% (37/114) received public assistance. RESULTS Most girls (74/114, 64.9%) provided at least one social media account (Instagram, 95% [70/74]; Facebook, 27% [20/74]; and Twitter, 11% [8/74]) during study enrollment. Legally involved girls were significantly less likely to provide social media information than school-referred girls (44% [16/36] versus 74% [58/78]; χ<sup>2</sup><sub>1</sub> [N=114]=9.68, <i>P</i>=.002). CONCLUSIONS Obtaining social media information for study retention purposes from adolescent girls with lifetime substance use appears possible; however, particular subgroups (ie, legally involved girls) may be less likely to provide accounts. Factors shaping legally involved girls’ willingness to provide social media information, including mistrust and privacy concerns, and the impact of researcher’s access to social media information on study retention are critical directions for future research. CLINICALTRIAL ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02293057; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02293057

scholarly journals Racial and Ethnic Digital Divides in Posting COVID-19 Content on Social Media Among US Adults: Secondary Survey Analysis

10.2196/20472 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. e20472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celeste Campos-Castillo ◽  
Linnea I Laestadius
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Digital Divides ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Minority

Background Public health surveillance experts are leveraging user-generated content on social media to track the spread and effects of COVID-19. However, racial and ethnic digital divides, which are disparities among people who have internet access and post on social media, can bias inferences. This bias is particularly problematic in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic because due to structural inequalities, members of racial and ethnic minority groups are disproportionately vulnerable to contracting the virus and to the deleterious economic and social effects from mitigation efforts. Further, important demographic intersections with race and ethnicity, such as gender and age, are rarely investigated in work characterizing social media users; however, they reflect additional axes of inequality shaping differential exposure to COVID-19 and its effects. Objective The aim of this study was to characterize how the race and ethnicity of US adults are associated with their odds of posting COVID-19 content on social media and how gender and age modify these odds. Methods We performed a secondary analysis of a survey conducted by the Pew Research Center from March 19 to 24, 2020, using a national probability sample (N=10,510). Respondents were recruited from an online panel, where panelists without an internet-enabled device were given one to keep at no cost. The binary dependent variable was responses to an item asking whether respondents “used social media to share or post information about the coronavirus.” We used survey-weighted logistic regressions to estimate the odds of responding in the affirmative based on the race and ethnicity of respondents (white, black, Latino, other race/ethnicity), adjusted for covariates measuring sociodemographic background and COVID-19 experiences. We examined how gender (female, male) and age (18 to 30 years, 31 to 50 years, 51 to 64 years, and 65 years and older) intersected with race and ethnicity by estimating interactions. Results Respondents who identified as black (odds ratio [OR] 1.29, 95% CI 1.02-1.64; P=.03), Latino (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.36-2.04; P<.001), or other races/ethnicities (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.02-1.72; P=.03) had higher odds than respondents who identified as white of reporting that they posted COVID-19 content on social media. Women had higher odds of posting than men regardless of race and ethnicity (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.39-1.80; P<.001). Among men, respondents who identified as black, Latino, or members of other races/ethnicities were significantly more likely to post than respondents who identified as white. Older adults (65 years or older) had significantly lower odds (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.57-0.94; P=.01) of posting compared to younger adults (18-29 years), particularly among those identifying as other races/ethnicities. Latino respondents were the most likely to report posting across all age groups. Conclusions In the United States, members of racial and ethnic minority groups are most likely to contribute to COVID-19 content on social media, particularly among groups traditionally less likely to use social media (older adults and men). The next step is to ensure that data collection procedures capture this diversity by encompassing a breadth of search criteria and social media platforms.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document