scholarly journals Antidiabetic Mechanisms of Rosa canina Fruits

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Fattahi ◽  
Fatemeh Niyazi ◽  
Behzad Shahbazi ◽  
Mohammad Hosein Farzaei ◽  
Gholamreza Bahrami
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Rosa Canina ◽  
Glucose Diffusion ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Line ◽  
Natural Agent

Rosa canina fruits have been used traditionally for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and its complications. The aim of current study was to evaluate the in vitro mechanism of action of R canina in managing diabetes mellitus. Cell proliferation and cytotoxicity assay were performed on pancreatic β-cells, βTC6. The protective activity of the extract on streptozotocin-induced death in βTC6 cells was studied. The effect of R canina on the metabolism of glucose in HepG2, a hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, was evaluated. The effect of the extract on glucose diffusion across the dialysis membrane, which is a comfortable model for assessing cellular glucose absorption, was evaluated. The results obtained from current study confirmed that R canina extract can act as a growth factor for pancreatic β-cell line providing a novel mechanism for the observed antidiabetic effect of this natural agent. Further preclinical studies are necessary to evaluate the perfect mechanism of action of R canina in diabetes mellitus.

Berberine in the treatment of diabetes mellitus: a review

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Baska ◽  
Kamil Leis ◽  
Przemysław Gałązka
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Macrophages Polarization ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4

: Berberine is an alkaloid found in plants. It has e.g. neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and hypolipidemic activity. The research proves that it also strongly impacts the carbohydrate metabolism. The compound also protects pancreatic βcells and increases sensitivity to insulin in peripheral tissues via the induction of GLUT-1, GLUT-4 and insulin type 1 (Ins1) receptors activity. It also stimulates glycolysis and leads to a decrease in insulin resistance by macrophages polarization, lipolytic processes induction and energy expenditure enhancement (by reducing body mass and limiting insulin resistance caused by obesity). In liver berberine inhibits FOX01, SREBP1 and ChREBP pathways, and HNF-4α (hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha) mRNA that hinder gluconeogenesis processes. In intestines it blocks α-glucosidase contributing to glucose absorption decrease. Its interference in intestinal flora reduces levels of monosaccharides and suppresses diabetes mellitus complications development.

scholarly journals Preliminary in vitro study of anti-oxidant activity and anti-diabetic potential of plant extracts from 4 herbal substances not traditionally used for treatment of diabetes mellitus

Pharmacia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 755-762
Author(s):  
Dora Trifonova ◽  
Anna Gavrilova ◽  
Galina Dyakova ◽  
Genadi Gavrilov ◽  
Maya Yotova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Sambucus Ebulus ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes

The focus of the presented study is the in vitro anti-oxidant activity and anti-diabetic potential of water extracts from the following four herbal substances, not traditionally used for treatment of diabetes mellitus – leaves of Sambucus ebulus L. and Prunus mahaleb L., and flowering stems of Cichorium intybus L. and Satureja kitaibelii Wierzb. ex Heuff. The water extracts are obtained through ultrasonication. The extract of S. kitaibelii stands out due to its highest values in all studied indicators – total phenolic content, scavenging potential (DPPH, ABTS) and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity which was six times higher than acarbose. The extract of C. intybus also showed significant α-glucosidase inhibitory activity compared to acarbose. The flowering stems of both species are promising sources of biologically active substances for blood sugar control in diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Unique Mechanisms in Treatment of Diabetes mellitus: A Herbal-Based Therapeutic Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 1099-1111
Author(s):  
Mahitab H. El Bishbishy ◽  
Abeer M. Eladawi ◽  
Eman M. El Hamrawy ◽  
Lamis A. ElShennawy ◽  
Menaallah W. Karim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fructose 1,6 Bisphosphatase ◽  
Impaired Insulin ◽  
Glut 4 Translocation ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Microvascular And Macrovascular Complications ◽  
Persistent Hyperglycemia ◽  
Selection Of

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease that affects millions of people worldwide, described by hyperglycemia due to impaired insulin secretion, insulin action or both. As a consequence of the persistent hyperglycemia, several microvascular and macrovascular complications arise. In herbal treatments, there are quite a variety of mechanisms and pathways that could be targeted while considering the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM); ranging from acting on pancreatic insulin, decreasing carbohydrates digestion, to inhibiting enzymes responsible for this disease like glucosidases, maltase fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, G6Pase and PTP1B enzymes and increasing GLUT-2 and GLUT-4 translocation. There is a diverse amount of plants that have individual active constituents that are responsible for their anti-diabetic effect; such constituents belong to classes like flavonoids, phenolic compounds and alkaloids. In our review, we will report a large variety of plants and phytoconstituents that have anti-diabetic action and discuss their mechanism of action highlighting their uniqueness and thus, providing for novel targets for anti-diabetic molecules either solely or as adjunctive therapies. Ethnopharmacological studies could aid in the selection of medicinal plants to be employed in these preliminary studies. However, the exact bioactive metabolite, along with the definite mechanism of action, should be studied before experimental and clinical studies. 

scholarly journals SGK1 inhibitor reverses hyperglycemia partly through decreasing glucose absorption

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Li ◽  
Yan Hao ◽  
Feng-Hui Pan ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Jian-Qiang Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Hba1c Level ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes

This study investigates the effectiveness and mechanisms of a serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) inhibitor in counteracting hyperglycemia. In an in vivo experiment, we demonstrated that after an 8-week treatment with an SGK1 inhibitor, the fasting blood glucose and HbA1c level significantly decreased in db/db mice. RT-PCR and western blot analyses revealed that intestinal SGK1 and sodium glucose co-transporter 1 (SGLT1) expression were enhanced in db/db mice. Treatment with an SGK1 inhibitor decreased excessive SGLT1 expression in the intestine of db/db mice. In vitro experiments with intestinal IEC-6 cells showed that the co-administration of an SGK1 inhibitor partly reversed the SGLT1 expression and glucose absorption that were induced by dexamethasone. In conclusion, this study revealed that the favorable effect of an SGK1 inhibitor on hyperglycemia is partly due to decreased glucose absorption through SGLT1 in the small intestine. These data collectively suggest that SGK1 may be a potent target for the treatment of diabetes and other metabolic disorders.

Anti-clastogenic effect of b-glucan extracted from barley towards chemically induced DNA damage in rodent cells

2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 319-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Pf Angeli ◽  
L R Ribeiro ◽  
M F Bellini ◽  
M S Mantovani
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Dna Polymerase ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Methylmethane Sulfonate ◽  
Chemically Induced ◽  
Clastogenic Effect ◽  
Chromosomal Aberration Assay ◽  
Mutagenic Mechanism

b-Glucan (BG) was tested in vitro to determine its potential clastogenic and/or anti-clastogenic activity, and attempts were made to elucidate its possible mechanism of action by using combinations with an inhibitor of DNA polymerase. The study was carried out on cells deficient (CHO-k1) and cells proficient (HTC) in phases I and II enzymes, and the DNA damage was assessed by the chromosomal aberration assay. BG did not show a clastogenic effect, but was anti-clastogenic in both cell lines used, and at all concentrations tested (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/mL) in combination with damage inducing agents (methylmethane sulfonate in cell line CHO-k1, and methylmethane sulfonate or 2-aminoanthracene in cell line HTC). BG also showed a protective effect in the presence of a DNA polymerase b inhibitor (cytosine arabinoside-3-phosphate, Ara-C), demonstrating that BG does not act through an anti-mutagenic mechanism of action involving DNA polymerase b.

Medical Herbs and the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-73
Author(s):  
Donovan Anthony McGrowder ◽  
Fabian G. Miller ◽  
Chukwuemeka Nwokocha ◽  
Cameil F. Wilson-Clarke ◽  
Melisa Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Medicinal Herbs ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Intestinal Glucose Absorption ◽  
Oral Hypoglycemic Drugs

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that affects millions of persons worldwide, and if uncontrolled may cause cardiovascular disease, retinopathy, or chronic kidney disease. Effective therapeutic management of diabetes mellitus involves the use of mainly oral hypoglycemic drugs whose mechanism of action includes improved insulin secretion, reduced insulin resistance, or increased glucose uptake. There is growing exploration of medicinal herbs as potential therapeutic sources for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus and compared with conventional oral hypoglycemic drugs they have little or no side effects. The aim of this review is to provide up-to-date information on potential medicinal herbs that have demonstrated anti-hyperglycemic activity through either increased secretion of insulin from pancreatic β-cells, reduction of insulin resistance with subsequent increase in insulin sensitivity, or inhibition of intestinal glucose absorption via decreased α-glucosidase activity.

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