Unique Mechanisms in Treatment of Diabetes mellitus: A Herbal-Based Therapeutic Approach

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease that affects millions of people worldwide, described by hyperglycemia due to impaired insulin secretion, insulin action or both. As a consequence of the persistent hyperglycemia, several microvascular and macrovascular complications arise. In herbal treatments, there are quite a variety of mechanisms and pathways that could be targeted while considering the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM); ranging from acting on pancreatic insulin, decreasing carbohydrates digestion, to inhibiting enzymes responsible for this disease like glucosidases, maltase fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, G6Pase and PTP1B enzymes and increasing GLUT-2 and GLUT-4 translocation. There is a diverse amount of plants that have individual active constituents that are responsible for their anti-diabetic effect; such constituents belong to classes like flavonoids, phenolic compounds and alkaloids. In our review, we will report a large variety of plants and phytoconstituents that have anti-diabetic action and discuss their mechanism of action highlighting their uniqueness and thus, providing for novel targets for anti-diabetic molecules either solely or as adjunctive therapies. Ethnopharmacological studies could aid in the selection of medicinal plants to be employed in these preliminary studies. However, the exact bioactive metabolite, along with the definite mechanism of action, should be studied before experimental and clinical studies.

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Correlation of microalbuminuria with neuropathy in type-II diabetes mellitus patients

International Journal of Advances in Medicine ◽

10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20183460 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (5) ◽

pp. 1143

Author(s):

P. K. Bariha ◽

K. M. Tudu ◽

Shiny Thomas Kujur

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type Ii Diabetes ◽

Microvascular Complications ◽

Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Motor Neuropathy ◽

Type Ii ◽

Study Population ◽

Factor Evaluation ◽

The Mean ◽

Microvascular And Macrovascular Complications

Background: The microvascular and macrovascular complications in diabetes mellitus resulting in microalbuminuria and diabetic neuropathy in common in developing country like India. The aim of the study has been undertaken to emphasis upon the association of microalbuminuria with neuropathy.Methods: The study was undertaken among 124 Type-II diabetes patients in the Department of Medicine, VIMSAR, Burla, Odisha between October 2015 to September 2017. Detail history, clinical examination, BMI, laboratory investigation like FBS, PPBS, HbA1C, nerve conduction study was done, and data were analysed and compiled.Results: Out of 124 patients the mean age of male patients in the study was 49.75 years and that of female patients was 50.36 years. The mean age of the study population was 50.18 years. The mean BMI in patients with and without microalbuminuria was 23.95±2.04kg/m2 and 21.57±2.89kg/m2 respectively. The mean HbA1C value in patients with and without microalbuminuria was 9.96±3.380 and 8.75±3.25 respectively.Conclusions: Microalbuminuria is significantly associated with presence of neuropathy. The most common type of neuropathy observed in this study was distal symmetrical sensory motor neuropathy. Hence, microalbuminuria has an important role as a biochemical marker for risk factor evaluation of microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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EFEKTIVITAS KERASIONALAN PEMBERIAN ANTIDIABETIK PENGOBATAN ORAL PASIEN DIABETES MELLITUS PADA USIA 30-50 TAHUN TIPE 2 DI RAWAT INAP PENYAKIT DALAM RSUD DELI SERDANG LUBUK PAKAM TAHUN 2020

JURNAL FARMASIMED (JFM) ◽

10.35451/jfm.v3i2.582 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 74-80

Author(s):

Loraetta Brety Sebayang ◽

Romauli Anna Teresia Marbun ◽

Dewi Kartika

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Oral Treatment ◽

Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽

The Body ◽

Quality Assurance Process ◽

Experimental Type ◽

Treatment Of Diabetes ◽

Assurance Process ◽

The Right

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic condition, which occurs because the body cannot produce insulin, normally or insulin cannot work effectively. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of the rational administration of antidiabetic, oral treatment of diabetes mellitus patients at the age of 30-50 years type 2 in Deli Serdang Hospital, lubuk pakam in 2020. Method: This study is a non-experimental type of research using descriptive methods. Results: Shows that from 72 samples of Type II Diabetes Mellitus patients at Deli Serdang General Hospital, April-July Period 2020. With the number (52.8%) of male sex patients and the number (47.2%) of type patients female genitalia and antidiabetic drugs most widely used by patients, in the period of April-July 2020, namely (20.8%) glycionion + metformin and (20.8%) insulin drugs. the use of DM drugs with the right rational indication (65.3%), Rational with the right medicine (100%), rational with the right dosage (100%), the right rational patient (100%) and the rational way of administration (100:%). Conclusion: Evaluation of drug use is a structured quality assurance process that is carried out continuously to ensure that the drugs used are appropriate, safe, and efficient.

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Antidiabetic Mechanisms of Rosa canina Fruits

Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1177/2156587216655263 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 127-133 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Ali Fattahi ◽

Fatemeh Niyazi ◽

Behzad Shahbazi ◽

Mohammad Hosein Farzaei ◽

Gholamreza Bahrami

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Cell Line ◽

Mechanism Of Action ◽

Glucose Absorption ◽

Rosa Canina ◽

Glucose Diffusion ◽

Treatment Of Diabetes ◽

Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Line ◽

Natural Agent

Rosa canina fruits have been used traditionally for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and its complications. The aim of current study was to evaluate the in vitro mechanism of action of R canina in managing diabetes mellitus. Cell proliferation and cytotoxicity assay were performed on pancreatic β-cells, βTC6. The protective activity of the extract on streptozotocin-induced death in βTC6 cells was studied. The effect of R canina on the metabolism of glucose in HepG2, a hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, was evaluated. The effect of the extract on glucose diffusion across the dialysis membrane, which is a comfortable model for assessing cellular glucose absorption, was evaluated. The results obtained from current study confirmed that R canina extract can act as a growth factor for pancreatic β-cell line providing a novel mechanism for the observed antidiabetic effect of this natural agent. Further preclinical studies are necessary to evaluate the perfect mechanism of action of R canina in diabetes mellitus.

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Enhanced escape of non-esterified fatty acids from tissue uptake: its role in impaired insulin-induced lowering of total rate of appearance in obesity and Type II diabetes mellitus

Diabetologia ◽

10.1007/s001250051324 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 416-426 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

S. C. Riemens ◽

W. J. Sluiter ◽

R. P. F. Dullaart

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Type Ii Diabetes ◽

Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type Ii ◽

Tissue Uptake ◽

Total Rate ◽

Esterified Fatty Acids ◽

Impaired Insulin

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GLYCOSYLATED HEMOGLOBIN IN THE DIAGNOSIS AND CONTROL OF TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS

Vestnik ◽

10.53065/kaznmu.2021.59.55.031 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 173-178

Author(s):

М.А. Дуйсекова ◽

Д. Алимова ◽

А.С. Айткулова ◽

А. Райымжанкызы ◽

Д.Б. Ногайбай ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Type Ii Diabetes ◽

Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽

Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type Ii ◽

Wide Range ◽

Impaired Insulin ◽

Hypoglycemic Therapy ◽

And Control

Сахарный диабет характеризуется нарушением секреции инсулина и той или иной степенью инсулинорезистентности, обусловливающими гипергликемию. Диабет в 2 раза повышает риски появления широкого спектра сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний, в 6 раз повышает риски ИБС. ХБП развивается примерно у 35% пациентов с сахарным диабетом II типа и ассоциирован с повышенной смертностью. В Казахстане исследования на эту тему проведены не были. Уровень гликозилированного гемоглобина отражает состояние компенсации углеводного обмена, показывает эффективность сахароснижающей терапии и определяет стратегию лечения пациента. Diabetes mellitus is characterized by impaired insulin secretion and varying degrees of insulin resistance, causing hyperglycemia. Diabetes increases the risk of a wide range of cardiovascular diseases by 2 times, and increases the risk of CHD by 6 times. CKD develops in approximately 35% of patients with type II diabetes and is associated with increased mortality. No studies on this topic have been conducted in Kazakhstan. The level of glycosylated hemoglobin reflects the state of carbohydrate metabolism compensation, shows the effectiveness of hypoglycemic therapy and determines the patient's treatment strategy.

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Phytochemicals in Garlic Extract Inhibit Therapeutic Enzyme DPP-4 and Induce Skeletal Muscle Cell Proliferation: A Possible Mechanism of Action to Benefit the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom10020305 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 305

Author(s):

Poonam Kalhotra ◽

Veera C.S.R. Chittepu ◽

Guillermo Osorio-Revilla ◽

Tzayhri Gallardo-Velazquez

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Cell Proliferation ◽

Muscle Cell ◽

Mechanism Of Action ◽

Skeletal Muscle Cell ◽

Garlic Extract ◽

Garlic Bulb ◽

Treatment Of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a severe health problem in Mexico, and its prevalence is increasing exponentially every year. Recently, DPP-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4) inhibitors have become attractive oral anti-hyperglycemic agents to reduce the pathology of diabetes. Gliptin’s family, such as sitagliptin, vildagliptin, and alogliptin, are in clinical use to treat diabetes mellitus but possess side effects. Therefore, there is a specific need to look for new therapeutic scaffolds (biomolecules). Garlic bulb is widely used as a traditional remedy for the treatment of diabetes. The garlic extracts are scientifically proven to control glucose levels in patients with diabetes, despite the unknown mechanism of action. The aim of the study is to investigate the antidiabetic effects of ultrasonication assisted garlic bulb extract. To achieve this, in-vitro assays such as DPP-4 inhibitory and antioxidant activities were investigated. Further, functional group analysis using FTIR and identification of phytochemicals using mass spectrometry analysis was performed. The results showed that 70.9 µg/mL of garlic bulb extract inhibited 50% DPP-4 activity. On top of that, the garlic extract exhibited a 20% scavenging activity, equivalent to 10 µg/mL of ascorbic acid. Molecular docking simulations on identified phytochemicals using mass spectrometry revealed their potential binding at the DPP-4 druggable region, and therefore the possible DPP-4 inhibition mechanism. These results suggest that prepared garlic extract contains phytochemicals that inhibit DPP-4 and have antioxidant activity. Also, the prepared extract induces skeletal muscle cell proliferation that demonstrates the antidiabetic effect and its possible mechanism of action.

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Role of platelet-derived growth factor in type II diabetes mellitus and its complications

Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research ◽

10.1177/1479164120942119 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 147916412094211

Author(s):

Sihong Shen ◽

Fuyan Wang ◽

Alejandra Fernandez ◽

Weining Hu

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Growth Factors ◽

Type Ii Diabetes ◽

Critical Role ◽

Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Regulate Cell Growth ◽

Treatment Of Diabetes ◽

Diabetes Development

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a type of metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycaemia with multiple serious complications, such as diabetic neuropathies, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, and diabetic foot. Platelet-derived growth factors are growth factors that regulate cell growth and division, playing a critical role in diabetes and its harmful complications. This review focused on the cellular mechanism of platelet-derived growth factors and their receptors on diabetes development. Furthermore, we raise some proper therapeutic molecular targets for the treatment of diabetes and its complications.

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